gamma-sitosterol and Liver-Diseases

Non-cholesterol sterols are validated biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis. However, their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematically explored. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders. Potentially relevant studies were retrieved by a systematic search of three databases in July 2018 and ninety-four human studies were included. Cholesterol-standardized levels of campesterol, sitosterol and cholestanol were collected to reflect cholesterol absorption and those of lathosterol and desmosterol to reflect cholesterol synthesis. Their use as biomarkers was examined in the following metabolic disorders: overweight/obesity (

Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Desmosterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Obesity; Overweight; Phytosterols; Sitosterols; Sterols

Proportions of cholesterol precursors (squalene, delta 8-cholestenol, desmosterol and lathosterol), plant sterols (campesterol and sitosterol) and cholestanol to cholesterol in serum were measured before and serially after liver transplantation in eight patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and three with acute liver necrosis. The preoperative proportions of cholestanol were 12 and 3-times higher in the PBC and necrosis groups, respectively, than in a control group of 27 individuals, while those of lathosterol were low in both groups and the campesterol/sitosterol ratio in the PBC group. During the operation the proportions of cholestanol fell sharply and those of lathosterol rose especially in the PBC group. During the postoperative follow-up of 5 weeks the proportions of the non-cholesterol sterols were markedly improved especially in the necrosis group yet those of cholestanol remained high and the campesterol/sitosterol ratios low, particularly in the PBC group. The proportions of lathosterol increased gradually almost to the control limits within the postoperative 5-week period, whereas those of desmosterol decreased. The non-cholesterol sterol values were not related to acute rejections, while significant correlations of cholestanol to liver function tests was found especially at the end of the follow-up.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Cholestanol; Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Liver Diseases; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Phytosterols; Protein Precursors; Sitosterols; Squalene

Topics: Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Liver Diseases; Liver Transplantation; Male; Phytosterols; Reference Values; Sitosterols