gamma-linolenic-acid and Proteinuria

The synergistic effects of combining fish oil (FO) diet, which reduces thromboxane A production, with the free radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea (DMTU), were evaluated in acute adriamycin nephrosis, because proteinuria in adriamycin nephrosis is mediated by increased renal thromboxane A and free radical production. The effects of combined evening primrose oil (EPO) and DMTU were compared with the DMTU + FO combination because EPO increases prostaglandin E but not thromboxane A. After 7, 14, and 21 days, proteinuria was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in rats receiving either DMTU + corn oil (CO) or DMTU + FO compared with untreated control rats. However, after 21 days, rats receiving DMTU + FO had significantly reduced urine protein excretion compared with those receiving DMTU + CO (103.9 +/- 20 mg daily vs 351.8 +/- 29.8 mg daily; P < 0.05). In contrast to FO, rats receiving EPO + DMTU had similar urine protein excretion to rats receiving DMTU + CO after 21 days (170.2 +/- 20.34 mg daily vs 179.45 +/- 26.38 mg daily). The mean serum cholesterol concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in rats receiving DMTU + FO (195.2 +/- 23.8 mg/dL) compared with DMTU + CO (377.9 +/- 28.5 mg/dL). Serum triglyceride levels also were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in rats receiving DMTU + FO (52.5 +/- 26.4 mg/dL) compared with DMTU + CO (100.5 +/- 36.9 mg/dL). No significant differences in serum cholesterol concentrations or triglycerides occurred between rats receiving DMTU + CO and DMTU + EPO. Renal glutathione content was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 23% in normal rats receiving FO diet and by 34% in rats receiving combined DMTU + FO compared with CO alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Corn Oil; Dietary Fats; Doxorubicin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Acids, Essential; Fish Oils; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Glutathione; Hypolipidemic Agents; Kidney; Linoleic Acids; Nephrosis; Oenothera biennis; Plant Oils; Proteinuria; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values; Thiourea; Time Factors; Triglycerides

Repeated subcutaneous (SC) injections of mercuric chloride (MC) in Brown Norway (BN) rats induce an autoimmune glomerulonephritis (GN) due to antiglomerular basement membrane (BM) antibody deposition in the glomeruli. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on MC-induced autoimmune GN of OKY-046, a selective TXA-synthetase inhibitor herring oil (HO), which is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (5.6%) precursor of the three series of prostaglandins (PGs) and of (inactive) thromboxane (TXA3), and evening primrose oil (EPO), which is rich in linoleic acid (LA) (72%) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLNA) (9%), precursors of the one series of PGs, mainly PGE1, and of (inactive) TXA1. The administration of OKY-046 significantly inhibited proteinuria, partially prevented fibrin thrombi (FT) formation in the glomeruli, decreased urinary TXB, enhanced 6ketoPGF excretion and, increased survival rate of the animals from 60% (group receiving only MC) to 86%. However, OKY-046 did not prevent body weight (BW) loss or the development and deposition of IgG in the glomeruli. Increased intake of HO (80 days prior and throughout the experiment) and avoidance of arachidonic acid (AA) intake produced an effect comparable to that of OKY-046 in the rats. Furthermore, HO significantly inhibited the deposition of IgG in the glomeruli, increased the survival rate of the animals to 100% and further enhanced the increased urinary PGE excretion induced by MC. However, HO did not prevent BW loss in the animals. Increased intake of EPO and avoidance of AA intake produced an effect comparable to that of HO. Additionally, EPO completely prevented BW loss induced by MC in these animals. These findings suggest that the metabolites of AA, EPA and GLNA play an important role either in the development or in the modulation of this model of MC induced GN.

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Acrylates; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Fatty Acids, Essential; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fish Oils; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Glomerulonephritis; Hypolipidemic Agents; Immunoglobulin G; Linoleic Acids; Mercuric Chloride; Methacrylates; Oenothera biennis; Plant Oils; Prostaglandins E; Proteinuria; Rats; Thromboxane-A Synthase; Thromboxanes

Topics: Acrylates; Animals; Fatty Acids, Essential; Female; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Linoleic Acids; Mercuric Chloride; Methacrylates; Oenothera biennis; Plant Oils; Prostaglandins; Proteinuria; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Thromboxane-A Synthase