gamma-linolenic-acid and Epilepsy

The concern that evening primrose oil might cause epilepsy or seizures, or reduce the threshold for seizures, originated from two papers published in the early 1980s. These original reports are re-examined, and the association of evening primrose oil with seizures is shown to be spurious. Not only are linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid safe in epilepsy, with prolonged oral administration of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid (in a 4:1 mixture) protecting rats from having seizures in four different epilepsy models, but the evening primrose oil-derived omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid inhibits sodium ion currents and synaptic transmission, while the evening primrose oil-derived eicosanoid prostaglandin E(1) appears to have anticonvulsant activity. In light of these findings, it is suggested that formularies should now remove seizures or epilepsy as a side-effect of evening primrose oil, and should remove a history of seizures or epilepsy as a contraindication to taking evening primrose oil.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Epilepsy; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Humans; Linoleic Acids; Oenothera biennis; Plant Oils; Rats

Topics: Anticonvulsants; Complementary Therapies; Drug Contamination; Drug Interactions; Epilepsy; Fatty Acids, Essential; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Heavy Metal Poisoning; Humans; India; Linoleic Acids; Materia Medica; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Metals, Heavy; Oenothera biennis; Plant Oils; Quality Control

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Epilepsy; Fatty Acids, Essential; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Oenothera biennis; Plant Oils