gamma-linolenic-acid and Bifidobacteriales-Infections

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic eczematous disease characterized by T helper 2 (Th2) -shifted allergic immunity, skin barrier impairment, and pruritus. Oral intake of certain nutrients might help regulate AD. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are often low in patients with AD, and oral vitamin D supplementation improves AD. Vitamin D increases regulatory T (Treg) cells, which promote tolerance to allergens and prevent allergic inflammation by inducing expression of filaggrin and cathelicidin in keratinocytes. Vitamin A strengthens Treg cells by inducing expression of forkhead box P3 and inhibits mediator release from mast cells and eosinophils. Serum levels of γ-linolenic acid and its metabolite, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, are low in patients with AD, and oral γ-linolenic acid improves AD through anti-inflammatory prostaglandin D

Topics: Bifidobacteriales Infections; Bifidobacterium; Dermatitis, Atopic; Filaggrin Proteins; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Humans; Inflammation; Lactobacillus; Nutritional Status; Probiotics; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Zinc