gamma-aminobutyric acid and Tremor studies

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.

Tremor: Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To study the effects of gabapentin in a comparative, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial of patients who have essential tremor."	9.09	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"16 patients with essential tremor (6 with a new onset and 10 with a 2-week washout period of previous treatment with propranolol hydrochloride) received gabapentin (Neurontin), 400 mg 3 times daily; propranolol hydrochloride, 40 mg 3 times daily; and placebo for 15 days with a 1-week washout period between treatments."	9.09	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"At day 15, both gabapentin and propranolol demonstrated significant and comparable efficacy in reducing tremor from baseline in all tremor measures."	9.09	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"Gabapentin may be useful for the treatment of essential tremor."	9.09	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"Gabapentin has been reported to be effective for essential tremor (ET) based on open-label trials."	9.08	Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. ( Busenbark, K; Hubble, JP; Koller, WC; Lyons, K; Pahwa, A; Pahwa, R; Rienerth, JD, 1998)
"A large case series of patients with centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, migraine, and tremor were treated in an open-label study with gabapentin (maximum of 2,700 mg/day)."	9.08	Gabapentin for treatment of pain and tremor: a large case series. ( Merren, MD, 1998)
"Gabapentin offers an effective, safe alternative therapy or co-therapy for the listed painful conditions and tremor; it does not affect the metabolism of other medications and is well tolerated."	9.08	Gabapentin for treatment of pain and tremor: a large case series. ( Merren, MD, 1998)
"We treated four patients affected by orthostatic tremor (OT) with gabapentin in increasing doses (300 to 2,400 mg/d)."	9.08	Gabapentin in orthostatic tremor: results of a double-blind crossover with placebo in four patients. ( D'Andreamatteo, G; Onofrj, M; Paci, C; Thomas, A, 1998)
"The chronic administration of theophylline was studied in twenty patients with essential tremor in a double-blind cross-over trial."	9.07	The effect of theophylline on essential tremor: the possible role of GABA. ( Mally, J; Stone, TW, 1991)
"Progabide, a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist, was given to ten patients with essential tremor in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study."	9.06	Pharmacologic probe with progabide of GABA mechanisms in essential tremor. ( Gupta, S; Koller, WC; Rubino, F, 1987)
"In a double-blind crossover trial of two 2-week treatment periods, to which 18 patients with benign essential tremor were admitted, there was no statistically significant different between progabide 11."	9.05	The effect of the GABA-agonist, progabide, on benign essential tremor. A controlled clinical trial. ( Dupont, E; Mondrup, K; Pedersen, E, 1983)
"To review the use of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin for the treatment of various types of tremor."	8.82	Gabapentin for the treatment of tremor. ( Bertoni, JM; Faulkner, MA; Lenz, TL, 2003)
"A search of biomedical literature was completed through MEDLINE and EMBASE (1993-May 2002) to identify all clinical trials pertaining to the use of gabapentin for the treatment of tremor in humans."	8.82	Gabapentin for the treatment of tremor. ( Bertoni, JM; Faulkner, MA; Lenz, TL, 2003)
"Tremulous jaw movements in rats can be induced by several conditions associated with parkinsonism and tremorogenesis, including dopamine depletion, dopamine antagonism, and cholinomimetic drugs."	7.78	Extracellular GABA in globus pallidus increases during the induction of oral tremor by haloperidol but not by muscarinic receptor stimulation. ( Collins-Praino, LE; Kovner, R; Podurgiel, SJ; Randall, PA; Salamone, JD, 2012)
"Harmaline-induced tremor in rodents is a model of essential tremor."	7.75	Pharmacological characterization of harmaline-induced tremor activity in mice. ( Foreman, MM; Hanania, T; Malekiani, SA; Olivier, B; Paterson, NE, 2009)
"The authors present the case of a 49-year-old woman with disabling bilateral upper-extremity cerebellar tremor that resolved unexpectedly after placement of an intrathecal baclofen pump for lower-extremity spasticity."	7.72	Attenuation of cerebellar tremor with implantation of an intrathecal baclofen pump: the role of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic pathways. Case report. ( Lenz, FA; North, RB; Ohara, S; Weiss, N, 2003)
"Recent experimental and clinical studies clearly suggest the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pathogenesis of tremors."	7.71	Baclofen attenuates harmaline induced tremors in rats. ( Al Deeb, S; Al Moutaery, K; Arshaduddin, M; Biary, N; Tariq, M, 2001)
"We describe a 76-year-old patient with a severe tremor due to chronic demyelinating neuropathy associated with a benign IgM paraproteinaemia that was successfully treated with gabapentin."	7.71	Tremor associated with benign IgM paraproteinaemic neuropathy successfully treated with gabapentin. ( Abbruzzese, G; Capello, E; Saverino, A; Schenone, A; Solaro, C; Trompetto, C, 2001)
"We report seven patients with orthostatic tremor (OT) who were successfully treated with the anticonvulsant gabapentin."	7.70	Effective treatment of orthostatic tremor with gabapentin. ( Adler, CH; Caviness, JN; Evidente, VG; Gwinn, KA, 1998)
"Antitremor effects of systemically administered GABA agonists (GABA and sodium valproate) and GABA antagonists (bicuculline and picrotoxin) were studied in mice against tremorine-induced tremors."	7.67	GABAergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic interaction in tremorine-induced tremors in mice. ( Garg, SK; Kulkarni, SK; Shukla, VK, 1988)
"Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) was evaluated in five patients as a treatment for the control of severe cerebellar action tremor occurring in multiple sclerosis."	7.67	The response to isoniazid of action tremor in multiple sclerosis and its assessment using polarised light goniometry. ( Francis, DA; Grundy, D; Heron, JR, 1986)
"Intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1-2 g/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (2-16 mg/kg) suppressed susceptibility to audiogenically induced, clonic-tonic seizures and antagonized forelimb tremor in rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal, 30 min after treatment."	7.66	Differential sensitivity of ethanol withdrawal signs in the rat to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)mimetics: blockade of audiogenic seizures but not forelimb tremors. ( Breese, GR; Frye, GD; McCown, TJ, 1983)
"Four patients with disabling action tremor in the setting of MS were treated with isoniazid (800 to 1200 mg per day)."	7.66	Treatment of action tremor in multiple sclerosis with isoniazid. ( Hallett, M; Mullally, W; Sabra, AF; Sudarsky, L, 1982)
"Allopregnanolone treatment impacted significantly GABA metabolism, oxidative stress, and some of the mitochondria-related outcomes."	6.90	Allopregnanolone Treatment Improves Plasma Metabolomic Profile Associated with GABA Metabolism in Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome: a Pilot Study. ( Carrillo, NR; Giulivi, C; Hagerman, RJ; Napoli, E; Rogawski, M; Schneider, A; Tassone, F; Trivedi, A; Wang, JY, 2019)
" First, the maximally effective gabapentin dosage (600-2,700 mg/day) for each patient was determined during an initial dose-titration phase."	6.72	Blinded placebo crossover study of gabapentin in primary orthostatic tremor. ( Byrnes, ML; Edwards, DJ; Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, GW; Walters, SE, 2006)
"Primary orthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare but disabling condition characterized by leg tremor and feelings of instability during stance."	6.72	Blinded placebo crossover study of gabapentin in primary orthostatic tremor. ( Byrnes, ML; Edwards, DJ; Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, GW; Walters, SE, 2006)
" Further work is required to establish the optimal dosage and to validate the methods used to quantify the response to treatment."	6.71	Gabapentin can improve postural stability and quality of life in primary orthostatic tremor. ( Byrnes, ML; Edwards, DJ; Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, G; Walters, SE, 2005)
"Primary orthostatic tremor (OT) is characterized by leg tremor and instability on standing."	6.71	Gabapentin can improve postural stability and quality of life in primary orthostatic tremor. ( Byrnes, ML; Edwards, DJ; Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, G; Walters, SE, 2005)
"Gabapentin has been reported to be effective for essential tremor (ET) based on open-label trials."	6.69	Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. ( Busenbark, K; Hubble, JP; Koller, WC; Lyons, K; Pahwa, A; Pahwa, R; Rienerth, JD, 1998)
"Tremor was assessed at baseline and after 2 weeks of gabapentin and placebo treatment."	6.69	Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. ( Busenbark, K; Hubble, JP; Koller, WC; Lyons, K; Pahwa, A; Pahwa, R; Rienerth, JD, 1998)
"New medication is needed to treat essential tremor."	6.69	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"The chronic administration of theophylline was studied in twenty patients with essential tremor in a double-blind cross-over trial."	6.67	The effect of theophylline on essential tremor: the possible role of GABA. ( Mally, J; Stone, TW, 1991)
"The tremor was improved significantly after four weeks of treatment."	6.67	The effect of theophylline on essential tremor: the possible role of GABA. ( Mally, J; Stone, TW, 1991)
"Treatment with baclofen resulted in a dose dependent decrease in the intensity of tremor."	5.31	Baclofen attenuates harmaline induced tremors in rats. ( Al Deeb, S; Al Moutaery, K; Arshaduddin, M; Biary, N; Tariq, M, 2001)
"We report seven patients with orthostatic tremor (OT) who were successfully treated with the anticonvulsant gabapentin."	5.30	Effective treatment of orthostatic tremor with gabapentin. ( Adler, CH; Caviness, JN; Evidente, VG; Gwinn, KA, 1998)
"Four patients with disabling action tremor in the setting of MS were treated with isoniazid (800 to 1200 mg per day)."	5.26	Treatment of action tremor in multiple sclerosis with isoniazid. ( Hallett, M; Mullally, W; Sabra, AF; Sudarsky, L, 1982)
"To study the effects of gabapentin in a comparative, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial of patients who have essential tremor."	5.09	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"16 patients with essential tremor (6 with a new onset and 10 with a 2-week washout period of previous treatment with propranolol hydrochloride) received gabapentin (Neurontin), 400 mg 3 times daily; propranolol hydrochloride, 40 mg 3 times daily; and placebo for 15 days with a 1-week washout period between treatments."	5.09	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"At day 15, both gabapentin and propranolol demonstrated significant and comparable efficacy in reducing tremor from baseline in all tremor measures."	5.09	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"Gabapentin may be useful for the treatment of essential tremor."	5.09	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"This study demonstrates that gabapentin improves rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor of parkinsonism including both Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's syndrome."	5.08	Gabapentin for parkinsonism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. ( Gruenthal, M; Mueller, ME; Olson, WH; Olson, WL, 1997)
"Gabapentin has been reported to be effective for essential tremor (ET) based on open-label trials."	5.08	Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. ( Busenbark, K; Hubble, JP; Koller, WC; Lyons, K; Pahwa, A; Pahwa, R; Rienerth, JD, 1998)
"A large case series of patients with centrally mediated pain, peripherally mediated pain, migraine, and tremor were treated in an open-label study with gabapentin (maximum of 2,700 mg/day)."	5.08	Gabapentin for treatment of pain and tremor: a large case series. ( Merren, MD, 1998)
"Gabapentin offers an effective, safe alternative therapy or co-therapy for the listed painful conditions and tremor; it does not affect the metabolism of other medications and is well tolerated."	5.08	Gabapentin for treatment of pain and tremor: a large case series. ( Merren, MD, 1998)
"We treated four patients affected by orthostatic tremor (OT) with gabapentin in increasing doses (300 to 2,400 mg/d)."	5.08	Gabapentin in orthostatic tremor: results of a double-blind crossover with placebo in four patients. ( D'Andreamatteo, G; Onofrj, M; Paci, C; Thomas, A, 1998)
"The chronic administration of theophylline was studied in twenty patients with essential tremor in a double-blind cross-over trial."	5.07	The effect of theophylline on essential tremor: the possible role of GABA. ( Mally, J; Stone, TW, 1991)
"Progabide, a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist, was given to ten patients with essential tremor in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study."	5.06	Pharmacologic probe with progabide of GABA mechanisms in essential tremor. ( Gupta, S; Koller, WC; Rubino, F, 1987)
"In a double-blind crossover trial of two 2-week treatment periods, to which 18 patients with benign essential tremor were admitted, there was no statistically significant different between progabide 11."	5.05	The effect of the GABA-agonist, progabide, on benign essential tremor. A controlled clinical trial. ( Dupont, E; Mondrup, K; Pedersen, E, 1983)
"To review the use of the antiepileptic drug gabapentin for the treatment of various types of tremor."	4.82	Gabapentin for the treatment of tremor. ( Bertoni, JM; Faulkner, MA; Lenz, TL, 2003)
"A search of biomedical literature was completed through MEDLINE and EMBASE (1993-May 2002) to identify all clinical trials pertaining to the use of gabapentin for the treatment of tremor in humans."	4.82	Gabapentin for the treatment of tremor. ( Bertoni, JM; Faulkner, MA; Lenz, TL, 2003)
"Relative to wild-type (WT) mice, the tremor mice presented: increased tremors and bradykinesia associated with postural instability, decreased range of motion, and difficulty in initiating voluntary movements directly proportional to age; reduced step length for right and left hindlimbs; reduced cortical GABA, glutamate and, aspartate levels, the DOPAC/DA and ratio and increased the NOR levels; in the striatum, the levels of glycine and aspartate were reduced while the HVA levels, the HVA/DA and 5HIAA/5-HT ratios increased; in the cerebellum the glycine, NOR and 5-HIAA levels increased."	4.31	Progressive tremor and motor impairment in seizure-prone mutant tremor mice are associated with neurotransmitter dysfunction. ( Alexandre-Ribeiro, SR; Bernardi, MM; Bondan, EF; Coque, AC; Flório, JC; Garcia-Gomes, MSA; Gonçalves, FB; Kirsten, TB; Lebrun, I; Massironi, SMG; Mori, CMC; Sandini, TM; Silva-Sampaio, AC, 2023)
" Only non-impairing doses were used to evaluate for anti-tremor efficacy in the harmaline model, which was assessed in wildtype and α6 subunit knockout littermates."	4.31	Search for Novel Therapies for Essential Tremor Based on Positive Modulation of α6-Containing GABA ( Ernst, M; Handforth, A; Singh, RP; Treven, M, 2023)
"5 mg/kg had minimal effect on harmaline tremor in both genotypes."	4.31	Search for Novel Therapies for Essential Tremor Based on Positive Modulation of α6-Containing GABA ( Ernst, M; Handforth, A; Singh, RP; Treven, M, 2023)
"Dizziness and ataxia are known adverse effects of pregabalin, but characteristic oculomotor signs in pregabalin intoxication have not been reported."	3.80	Perverted head-shaking and positional downbeat nystagmus in pregabalin intoxication. ( Choi, JY; Jung, JM; Kim, SU; Kwon, DY; Park, YM; Woo, YS, 2014)
"Tremulous jaw movements in rats can be induced by several conditions associated with parkinsonism and tremorogenesis, including dopamine depletion, dopamine antagonism, and cholinomimetic drugs."	3.78	Extracellular GABA in globus pallidus increases during the induction of oral tremor by haloperidol but not by muscarinic receptor stimulation. ( Collins-Praino, LE; Kovner, R; Podurgiel, SJ; Randall, PA; Salamone, JD, 2012)
"Harmaline-induced tremor in rodents is a model of essential tremor."	3.75	Pharmacological characterization of harmaline-induced tremor activity in mice. ( Foreman, MM; Hanania, T; Malekiani, SA; Olivier, B; Paterson, NE, 2009)
"The authors present the case of a 49-year-old woman with disabling bilateral upper-extremity cerebellar tremor that resolved unexpectedly after placement of an intrathecal baclofen pump for lower-extremity spasticity."	3.72	Attenuation of cerebellar tremor with implantation of an intrathecal baclofen pump: the role of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic pathways. Case report. ( Lenz, FA; North, RB; Ohara, S; Weiss, N, 2003)
"Recent experimental and clinical studies clearly suggest the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pathogenesis of tremors."	3.71	Baclofen attenuates harmaline induced tremors in rats. ( Al Deeb, S; Al Moutaery, K; Arshaduddin, M; Biary, N; Tariq, M, 2001)
"We describe a 76-year-old patient with a severe tremor due to chronic demyelinating neuropathy associated with a benign IgM paraproteinaemia that was successfully treated with gabapentin."	3.71	Tremor associated with benign IgM paraproteinaemic neuropathy successfully treated with gabapentin. ( Abbruzzese, G; Capello, E; Saverino, A; Schenone, A; Solaro, C; Trompetto, C, 2001)
"We report seven patients with orthostatic tremor (OT) who were successfully treated with the anticonvulsant gabapentin."	3.70	Effective treatment of orthostatic tremor with gabapentin. ( Adler, CH; Caviness, JN; Evidente, VG; Gwinn, KA, 1998)
"Antitremor effects of systemically administered GABA agonists (GABA and sodium valproate) and GABA antagonists (bicuculline and picrotoxin) were studied in mice against tremorine-induced tremors."	3.67	GABAergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic interaction in tremorine-induced tremors in mice. ( Garg, SK; Kulkarni, SK; Shukla, VK, 1988)
"Concentrations of putative neuroactive substances glutamate, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, proline and ethanolamine were determined in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid collected in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, pain syndromes or cerebellar tremor."	3.67	Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of putative amino acid transmitters in Parkinson's disease and other disorders. ( Amsler, U; Cuénod, M; Perschak, H; Siegfried, J; Vischer, A, 1987)
"Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) was evaluated in five patients as a treatment for the control of severe cerebellar action tremor occurring in multiple sclerosis."	3.67	The response to isoniazid of action tremor in multiple sclerosis and its assessment using polarised light goniometry. ( Francis, DA; Grundy, D; Heron, JR, 1986)
"The neurochemical effects of the tremorgenic mycotoxins Verruculogen and Penitrem A, which produce a neurotoxic syndrome characterised by sustained tremors, were studied using sheep and rat synaptosomes."	3.66	Actions of tremorgenic fungal toxins on neurotransmitter release. ( Bradford, HF; De Belleroche, J; Mantle, PG; Norris, PJ; Penny, RH; Smith, CC; Thomas, AJ, 1980)
"Intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1-2 g/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (2-16 mg/kg) suppressed susceptibility to audiogenically induced, clonic-tonic seizures and antagonized forelimb tremor in rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal, 30 min after treatment."	3.66	Differential sensitivity of ethanol withdrawal signs in the rat to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)mimetics: blockade of audiogenic seizures but not forelimb tremors. ( Breese, GR; Frye, GD; McCown, TJ, 1983)
"Four patients with disabling action tremor in the setting of MS were treated with isoniazid (800 to 1200 mg per day)."	3.66	Treatment of action tremor in multiple sclerosis with isoniazid. ( Hallett, M; Mullally, W; Sabra, AF; Sudarsky, L, 1982)
"Cyclic GMP levels were dose-dependently increased by excitatory drugs such as picrotoxin, pentetrazol, oxotremorine and harmaline in mouse cerebellum and medial forebrain (parts of the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, striatum and midbrain) in vivo."	3.65	Effects of stimulatory and depressant drugs on cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in mouse brain. ( Dinnedahl, V; Gumulka, SW; Opmeer, FA; Schönhöfer, PS, 1976)
"In our previous work we examined the mechanism of action of the new tremorogenic substance verruculogen isolated by Cole and coworkers."	3.65	Verruculogen: a new substance for decreasing of GABA levels in CNS. ( Filipović, N; Hotujac, L; Muftić, RH, 1976)
"Glycine and GABA administered intraventricularly and intrastriatally were found to inhibit the oxotremorin tremor in rats."	3.65	[Effect of various amino acids and their antagonists on the cholinergic tremor and acetylcholine release in the CNS of the rat]. ( Oelszner, W; Scherber, A; Staib, AH, 1975)
"Allopregnanolone treatment impacted significantly GABA metabolism, oxidative stress, and some of the mitochondria-related outcomes."	2.90	Allopregnanolone Treatment Improves Plasma Metabolomic Profile Associated with GABA Metabolism in Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome: a Pilot Study. ( Carrillo, NR; Giulivi, C; Hagerman, RJ; Napoli, E; Rogawski, M; Schneider, A; Tassone, F; Trivedi, A; Wang, JY, 2019)
" First, the maximally effective gabapentin dosage (600-2,700 mg/day) for each patient was determined during an initial dose-titration phase."	2.72	Blinded placebo crossover study of gabapentin in primary orthostatic tremor. ( Byrnes, ML; Edwards, DJ; Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, GW; Walters, SE, 2006)
"Primary orthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare but disabling condition characterized by leg tremor and feelings of instability during stance."	2.72	Blinded placebo crossover study of gabapentin in primary orthostatic tremor. ( Byrnes, ML; Edwards, DJ; Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, GW; Walters, SE, 2006)
" Further work is required to establish the optimal dosage and to validate the methods used to quantify the response to treatment."	2.71	Gabapentin can improve postural stability and quality of life in primary orthostatic tremor. ( Byrnes, ML; Edwards, DJ; Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, G; Walters, SE, 2005)
"Primary orthostatic tremor (OT) is characterized by leg tremor and instability on standing."	2.71	Gabapentin can improve postural stability and quality of life in primary orthostatic tremor. ( Byrnes, ML; Edwards, DJ; Mastaglia, FL; Rodrigues, JP; Stell, R; Thickbroom, G; Walters, SE, 2005)
"Gabapentin has been reported to be effective for essential tremor (ET) based on open-label trials."	2.69	Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. ( Busenbark, K; Hubble, JP; Koller, WC; Lyons, K; Pahwa, A; Pahwa, R; Rienerth, JD, 1998)
"Tremor was assessed at baseline and after 2 weeks of gabapentin and placebo treatment."	2.69	Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. ( Busenbark, K; Hubble, JP; Koller, WC; Lyons, K; Pahwa, A; Pahwa, R; Rienerth, JD, 1998)
"New medication is needed to treat essential tremor."	2.69	A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. ( Barbanoj, M; Gironell, A; Hernández, G; Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D; Pascual-Sedano, B, 1999)
"Gabapentin is a recently available anticonvulsant whose mechanism of action remains unknown."	2.68	Gabapentin for parkinsonism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. ( Gruenthal, M; Mueller, ME; Olson, WH; Olson, WL, 1997)
"The chronic administration of theophylline was studied in twenty patients with essential tremor in a double-blind cross-over trial."	2.67	The effect of theophylline on essential tremor: the possible role of GABA. ( Mally, J; Stone, TW, 1991)
"The tremor was improved significantly after four weeks of treatment."	2.67	The effect of theophylline on essential tremor: the possible role of GABA. ( Mally, J; Stone, TW, 1991)
"Tremor is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by rhythmic oscillations of one or more body parts."	2.50	The treatment of tremor. ( Deuschl, G; Schneider, SA, 2014)
"Dystonic limb tremor may respond to anticholinergics."	2.50	The treatment of tremor. ( Deuschl, G; Schneider, SA, 2014)
"A family history of orthostatic tremor was reported in 3/45 (7%) patients."	2.50	Orthostatic tremor: a review of 45 cases. ( Ondo, WG; Yaltho, TC, 2014)
"In our population of orthostatic tremor patients, mild postural hand tremor was a frequent finding."	2.50	Orthostatic tremor: a review of 45 cases. ( Ondo, WG; Yaltho, TC, 2014)
"Monosymptomatic rest tremor has recently been shown to be associated with decreased fluorodopa uptake on the positron emission tomography scan suggesting its relationship to Parkinson disease."	2.42	Tremor. ( Sethi, KD, 2003)
"Tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease is characterised by prominent tremor of one or more limbs with a relative lack of significant rigidity and bradykinesia."	2.41	Tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease. Approaches to treatment. ( Koller, W; Marjama-Lyons, J, 2000)
"Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests clinically with variable degrees of tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability."	2.41	Tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease. Approaches to treatment. ( Koller, W; Marjama-Lyons, J, 2000)
"Essential tremor is the most prevalent adult-onset movement disorder, and is also regarded as one of the most common neurological disorders of adults, with a prevalence that is similar to or greater than that of stroke, Alzheimer disease, migraine headache, and lumbosacral pain syndromes."	2.40	A new twist for stopping the shakes? Revisiting GABAergic therapy for essential tremor. ( Louis, ED, 1999)
"Although essential tremor is common, its underlying pathophysiology remains uncertain, and several hypotheses seek to explain the tremor mechanism."	1.72	Is essential tremor a disorder of GABA dysfunction? No. ( Bellows, S; Jimenez-Shahed, J, 2022)
"Despite recent advances in tremor and dystonia classification, it remains difficult to discriminate essential tremor from dystonic tremor as they are similar in appearance and no biomarker exists."	1.72	Multimodal imaging of essential tremor and dystonic tremor. ( Bédard, P; Cho, HJ; Hallett, M; Horovitz, SG; Panyakaew, P, 2022)
"GABA levels were unaltered by Parkinson's disease, clinical phenotype, or medication."	1.56	GABAergic changes in the thalamocortical circuit in Parkinson's disease. ( Cools, R; den Ouden, HEM; Dirkx, MFM; Helmich, RC; Scheenen, TWJ; Toni, I; van Asten, JJA; van Nuland, AJM; Zach, H, 2020)
"Parkinson's disease is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor."	1.56	GABAergic changes in the thalamocortical circuit in Parkinson's disease. ( Cools, R; den Ouden, HEM; Dirkx, MFM; Helmich, RC; Scheenen, TWJ; Toni, I; van Asten, JJA; van Nuland, AJM; Zach, H, 2020)
"Tremor is currently ranked as the most common movement disorder."	1.56	Purkinje cell misfiring generates high-amplitude action tremors that are corrected by cerebellar deep brain stimulation. ( Brown, AM; Lin, T; Sillitoe, RV; van der Heijden, ME; White, JJ; Zhou, J, 2020)
"Treatment with gabapentin was initiated for OPT presumed secondary to neuro-Behçet disease."	1.42	Neuro-Behçet disease presenting with oculopalatal tremor. ( Espino Barros Palau, A; Foroozan, R; Lee, AG; Morgan, ML, 2015)
" Here we describe a patient who displayed perverted head-shaking and positional downbeat nystagmus after prescription of a high dosage of pregabalin."	1.40	Perverted head-shaking and positional downbeat nystagmus in pregabalin intoxication. ( Choi, JY; Jung, JM; Kim, SU; Kwon, DY; Park, YM; Woo, YS, 2014)
"At AA 44-46 weeks, the frequency of sleep disorders decreased to 45,45% (p=0,012) and 52,63% (p=0,05)."	1.40	[Clinical and neurophysiological objectification and evaluation of treatment efficacy in children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of the CNS]. ( Degtiareva, MG; Grebennikova, OV; Medvedev, MI; Rogatkin, SO; Zavadenko, AN, 2014)
"The treatment reduced sleep disorders, changed the duration of transitional sleep stage and latent period of the 2nd stage of slow wave sleep."	1.40	[Clinical and neurophysiological objectification and evaluation of treatment efficacy in children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of the CNS]. ( Degtiareva, MG; Grebennikova, OV; Medvedev, MI; Rogatkin, SO; Zavadenko, AN, 2014)
"Acquired generalized repetitive myoclonus may be mistaken for tremor."	1.34	Whole-body tremulousness: isolated generalized polymyoclonus. ( Ahlskog, JE; Bower, JH; Glass, GA; Josephs, KA; Lennon, VA; McKeon, A; Pittock, SJ, 2007)
"To describe isolated generalized polymyoclonus and the outcomes of etiologic evaluations at the time of diagnosis."	1.34	Whole-body tremulousness: isolated generalized polymyoclonus. ( Ahlskog, JE; Bower, JH; Glass, GA; Josephs, KA; Lennon, VA; McKeon, A; Pittock, SJ, 2007)
"Treatment of myoclonus and underlying causes."	1.34	Whole-body tremulousness: isolated generalized polymyoclonus. ( Ahlskog, JE; Bower, JH; Glass, GA; Josephs, KA; Lennon, VA; McKeon, A; Pittock, SJ, 2007)
"All the patients had repetitive myoclonus of all limbs, impairing gait in 14 patients."	1.34	Whole-body tremulousness: isolated generalized polymyoclonus. ( Ahlskog, JE; Bower, JH; Glass, GA; Josephs, KA; Lennon, VA; McKeon, A; Pittock, SJ, 2007)
"Distinguishing myoclonus has etiologic and therapeutic implications."	1.34	Whole-body tremulousness: isolated generalized polymyoclonus. ( Ahlskog, JE; Bower, JH; Glass, GA; Josephs, KA; Lennon, VA; McKeon, A; Pittock, SJ, 2007)
"Treatment with baclofen resulted in a dose dependent decrease in the intensity of tremor."	1.31	Baclofen attenuates harmaline induced tremors in rats. ( Al Deeb, S; Al Moutaery, K; Arshaduddin, M; Biary, N; Tariq, M, 2001)
"We report seven patients with orthostatic tremor (OT) who were successfully treated with the anticonvulsant gabapentin."	1.30	Effective treatment of orthostatic tremor with gabapentin. ( Adler, CH; Caviness, JN; Evidente, VG; Gwinn, KA, 1998)
"Gabapentin is an antiepileptic agent that is indicated for use as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures."	1.30	A case of sustained massive gabapentin overdose without serious side effects. ( Radtke, RA; St Clair, EW; Verma, A, 1999)
" It has a relatively benign side effect profile, but little data exists on massive overdoses with this agent."	1.30	A case of sustained massive gabapentin overdose without serious side effects. ( Radtke, RA; St Clair, EW; Verma, A, 1999)
"Seizures were more sensitive to the drug than tremors."	1.27	Suppression by progabide of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. ( Fadda, F; Gessa, GL; Meloni, R; Mosca, E, 1985)
"Verruculogen pretreatment did not alter the veratrine-induced release of transmitter amino acids from cerebrocortex and spinal cord/medulla synaptosomes."	1.26	Actions of tremorgenic fungal toxins on neurotransmitter release. ( Bradford, HF; De Belleroche, J; Mantle, PG; Norris, PJ; Penny, RH; Smith, CC; Thomas, AJ, 1980)
"Verruculogen was shown to cause a substantial increase (300-400%) in the miniature-end-plate potential (m."	1.26	Actions of tremorgenic fungal toxins on neurotransmitter release. ( Bradford, HF; De Belleroche, J; Mantle, PG; Norris, PJ; Penny, RH; Smith, CC; Thomas, AJ, 1980)
"Four patients with disabling action tremor in the setting of MS were treated with isoniazid (800 to 1200 mg per day)."	1.26	Treatment of action tremor in multiple sclerosis with isoniazid. ( Hallett, M; Mullally, W; Sabra, AF; Sudarsky, L, 1982)
"Pretreatment with diazepam completely abolished the effect of picrotoxin and harmaline and significantly reduced the effects of pentetrazol and oxotremorine on cyclic GMP levels, but the tremor due to harmaline and oxotremorine was not blocked."	1.26	Effects of stimulatory and depressant drugs on cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in mouse brain. ( Dinnedahl, V; Gumulka, SW; Opmeer, FA; Schönhöfer, PS, 1976)
"Pretreatment with pentobarbital also prevented or strongly reduced changes in cyclic GMP levels elicited by excitatory drugs without abolishing the tremorigenic effects of harmaline and oxotremorine."	1.26	Effects of stimulatory and depressant drugs on cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in mouse brain. ( Dinnedahl, V; Gumulka, SW; Opmeer, FA; Schönhöfer, PS, 1976)
"Pretreatment with atropine was only effective in blocking cyclic GMP rise and tremor induced by oxotremorine and picrotoxin."	1.26	Effects of stimulatory and depressant drugs on cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in mouse brain. ( Dinnedahl, V; Gumulka, SW; Opmeer, FA; Schönhöfer, PS, 1976)

Research

Studies (75)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

"Change From Baseline in the Standard Deviation of the Lateral Position (SDLP) Measured on the Driving Simulator Between Gralise® and Lyrica®"

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	24 (32.00)	18.7374
1990's	11 (14.67)	18.2507
2000's	18 (24.00)	29.6817
2010's	13 (17.33)	24.3611
2020's	9 (12.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Bellows, S	1
Jimenez-Shahed, J	1
Ondo, W	1
Bédard, P	3
Panyakaew, P	3
Cho, HJ	3
Hallett, M	4
Horovitz, SG	3
Gonçalves, FB	1
Garcia-Gomes, MSA	1
Silva-Sampaio, AC	1
Kirsten, TB	1
Bondan, EF	1
Sandini, TM	1
Flório, JC	1
Lebrun, I	1
Coque, AC	1
Alexandre-Ribeiro, SR	1
Massironi, SMG	1
Mori, CMC	1
Bernardi, MM	1
Kosmowska, B	1
Paleczna, M	1
Biała, D	1
Kadłuczka, J	1
Wardas, J	1
Witkin, JM	1
Cook, JM	1
Sharmin, D	1
Marcinkowska, M	1
Kuter, KZ	1
Handforth, A	2
Kosoyan, HP	1
Kadam, PA	1
Singh, RP	2
Treven, M	1
Ernst, M	1
van Nuland, AJM	1
den Ouden, HEM	1
Zach, H	1
Dirkx, MFM	1
van Asten, JJA	1
Scheenen, TWJ	1
Toni, I	1
Cools, R	1
Helmich, RC	1
Brown, AM	1
White, JJ	1
van der Heijden, ME	1
Zhou, J	1
Lin, T	1
Sillitoe, RV	1
Gong, T	1
Xiang, Y	1
Saleh, MG	1
Gao, F	1
Chen, W	1
Edden, RAE	1
Wang, G	1
Schmidt, P	1
Rao, S	1
Napoli, E	1
Schneider, A	1
Wang, JY	1
Trivedi, A	1
Carrillo, NR	1
Tassone, F	1
Rogawski, M	1
Hagerman, RJ	1
Giulivi, C	1
Schneider, SA	1
Deuschl, G	1
Choi, JY	1
Park, YM	1
Woo, YS	1
Kim, SU	1
Jung, JM	1
Kwon, DY	1
Yaltho, TC	1
Ondo, WG	1
Grebennikova, OV	1
Zavadenko, AN	1
Rogatkin, SO	1
Medvedev, MI	1
Degtiareva, MG	1
Morgan, ML	1
Espino Barros Palau, A	1
Lee, AG	1
Foroozan, R	1
Oskarsson, B	1
Pelak, V	1
Quan, D	1
Hall, D	1
Foster, C	1
Galetta, S	1
Paterson, NE	1
Malekiani, SA	1
Foreman, MM	1
Olivier, B	1
Hanania, T	1
Coltamai, L	1
Magezi, DA	1
Croquelois, A	1
Struble, LM	1
Mao, X	1
Guo, F	1
Yu, J	1
Min, D	1
Wang, Z	1
Xie, N	1
Chen, T	1
Shaw, C	1
Cai, J	1
Moldes-Anaya, AS	1
Fonnum, F	1
Eriksen, GS	1
Rundberget, T	1
Walaas, SI	1
Wigestrand, MB	1
Collins-Praino, LE	1
Podurgiel, SJ	1
Kovner, R	1
Randall, PA	1
Salamone, JD	2
Faulkner, MA	1
Bertoni, JM	1
Lenz, TL	1
Sethi, KD	1
LEONARD, F	1
WAJNGURT, A	1
KLEIN, M	1
MEYER, H	1
Weiss, N	1
North, RB	1
Ohara, S	1
Lenz, FA	1
Korninger, C	1
Roller, RE	1
Lesch, OM	1
Ishiwari, K	1
Mingote, S	1
Correa, M	1
Trevitt, JT	1
Carlson, BB	1
Rodrigues, JP	2
Edwards, DJ	2
Walters, SE	2
Byrnes, ML	2
Thickbroom, G	1
Stell, R	2
Mastaglia, FL	2
Chiu, CS	1
Brickley, S	1
Jensen, K	1
Southwell, A	1
Mckinney, S	1
Cull-Candy, S	1
Mody, I	1
Lester, HA	1
Thickbroom, GW	1
Platt, SR	1
De Stefani, A	1
Wieczorek, L	1
Striano, P	1
Coppola, A	1
Madia, F	1
Pezzella, M	1
Ciampa, C	1
Zara, F	1
Striano, S	1
McKeon, A	1
Pittock, SJ	1
Glass, GA	1
Josephs, KA	1
Bower, JH	1
Lennon, VA	1
Ahlskog, JE	1
Mohammadi, M	1
Ghani, E	1
Ghasemi, A	1
Khoshbaten, A	1
Asgari, A	1
Marks, DM	1
Pae, CU	1
Patkar, AA	1
Norris, PJ	1
Smith, CC	1
De Belleroche, J	1
Bradford, HF	1
Mantle, PG	1
Thomas, AJ	1
Penny, RH	1
Christensen, SE	1
Dupont, E	2
Mondrup, K	2
Olivarius, BF	1
Orskov, H	1
Bichard, AR	1
Little, HJ	1
Frye, GD	1
McCown, TJ	1
Breese, GR	1
Pedersen, E	1
Sabra, AF	1
Sudarsky, L	1
Mullally, W	1
Kishi, K	1
Ito, M	1
Tsuda, A	1
Tsuda, H	1
Shiraishi, H	1
Sejima, H	1
Mori, C	1
Serikawa, T	1
Yamada, J	1
Elble, RJ	1
Olson, WL	1
Gruenthal, M	1
Mueller, ME	1
Olson, WH	1
Pahwa, R	1
Lyons, K	1
Hubble, JP	1
Busenbark, K	1
Rienerth, JD	1
Pahwa, A	1
Koller, WC	2
Merren, MD	1
Onofrj, M	1
Thomas, A	1
Paci, C	1
D'Andreamatteo, G	1
Evidente, VG	1
Adler, CH	1
Caviness, JN	1
Gwinn, KA	1
Gironell, A	1
Kulisevsky, J	1
Barbanoj, M	1
López-Villegas, D	1
Hernández, G	1
Pascual-Sedano, B	1
Louis, ED	1
Verma, A	1
St Clair, EW	1
Radtke, RA	1
Marjama-Lyons, J	1
Koller, W	1
Tariq, M	1
Arshaduddin, M	1
Biary, N	1
Al Moutaery, K	1
Al Deeb, S	1
Saverino, A	1
Solaro, C	1
Capello, E	1
Trompetto, C	1
Abbruzzese, G	1
Schenone, A	1
Opmeer, FA	1
Gumulka, SW	1
Dinnedahl, V	1
Schönhöfer, PS	1
Costa, E	1
Guidotti, A	1
Mao, CC	1
Agostini, L	1
Firenze, C	1
Gallai, V	1
Piccinin, GL	1
Piccirilli, M	1
Rossi, A	1
Melville, EM	1
Turnbull, MJ	1
Wheeler, H	1
Makeeva, VL	1
Hotujac, L	1
Muftić, RH	1
Filipović, N	1
Scherber, A	1
Staib, AH	1
Oelszner, W	1
Mally, J	1
Stone, TW	1
Rondot, P	1
Bathien, N	1
Shukla, VK	1
Garg, SK	1
Kulkarni, SK	1
Perschak, H	1
Amsler, U	1
Vischer, A	1
Siegfried, J	1
Cuénod, M	1
Fadda, F	1
Mosca, E	1
Meloni, R	1
Gessa, GL	1
Longo, VG	1
Massotti, M	1
Rostain, JC	1
Wardley-Smith, B	1
Forni, C	1
Halsey, MJ	1
Rubino, F	1
Gupta, S	1
Reuhl, KR	1
Gilbert, SG	1
Mackenzie, BA	1
Mallett, JE	1
Rice, DC	1
Francis, DA	1
Grundy, D	1
Heron, JR	1
Kar, PP	1
Matin, MA	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase 4, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Comparing Simulated Driving Performance, Daytime Sedation, and Cognition in Healthy Volunteers Taking Therapeutic Doses of Gralise®, Neurontin®, or Lyrica®[NCT03179345]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-24	Completed
A 4 Week, Parallel-Design, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Neuroleptic-Induced Tremor: Clinical and Instrumental Ratings of Outcome.[NCT00533455]	Phase 3	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-03-31	Terminated (stopped due to Failure to recruit due to polypharmacy)
Environmental Epidemiology of Essential Tremor[NCT04576676]		1,497 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-07-02	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

SDLP (feet): This is a measurement of change from maintaining the normal driving position in the lane over time and / or distance. (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

"Change From Baseline in the Standard Deviation of the Lateral Position (SDLP) Measured on the Driving Simulator Between Gralise® and Neurontin®"

Intervention	feet (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	0.255
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	0.356
Placebo	0.135

SDLP (feet): This is a measurement of change from maintaining the normal driving position in the lane over time and / or distance. (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

Change From Baseline Between Gralise® and Lyrica® in the Driving Simulator - Standard Deviation of Vehicle Speed (SDVS).

Change From Baseline Between Gralise® and Neurontin® in the Driving Simulator - Standard Deviation of Vehicle Speed (SDVS).

Change From Baseline Between, Gralise® and Neurontin®, Gralise® and Lyrica® for Cognitive Evaluation of Cogstate - Detection Task (DET)

Intervention	feet (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	0.255
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	0.395
Placebo	0.135

Intervention	mph (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	0.831
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	1.319
Placebo	0.851

Intervention	mph (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	0.831
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	0.947
Placebo	0.851

Cogstate - Detection Task (DET) is a simple reaction time test of Psychomotor Function. Higher change from baseline means better performance. (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

Change From Baseline Between, Gralise® and Neurontin®, Gralise® and Lyrica® for Cognitive Evaluation of Cogstate - Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT).

Intervention	msec (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	0.00
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	0.00
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	-0.01
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	-0.00

Cogstate - The Groton Maze Learning test is a measure Executive Function. Total number of errors made while attempting to learn the same hidden pathway across the consecutive learning trials performed at a single assessment. Lower score means better performance. Higher change from baseline means better performance. (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

Change From Baseline Between, Gralise® and Neurontin®, Gralise® and Lyrica® for Cognitive Evaluation of Cogstate - Identification Task (IDN).

Intervention	Number of errors on test (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	-0.40
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	-0.01
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	-0.64
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	3.32

Cogstate - Identification Task (IDN) assesses Attention. Score is speed of performance (mean of the log10 transformed reaction times for correct responses). Lower score (quicker speed) is better performance. Higher change from baseline means better performance. (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

Change From Baseline Between, Gralise® and Neurontin®, Gralise® and Lyrica® for Cognitive Evaluation of Cogstate - International Shopping List Test (ISL)

Intervention	Score on Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	-0.00
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	0.00
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	-0.00
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	0.01

Cogstate - International Shopping List (ISL) test is a measure of verbal learning and uses a well-validated list-learning paradigm. Total number of correct responses remembering the word list on three consecutive trials at a single assessment. Higher score is better performance. Higher change from baseline means better performance. (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

Change From Baseline Between, Gralise® and Neurontin®, Gralise® and Lyrica® for Cognitive Evaluation of Cogstate - One Card Learning (OCLT).

Intervention	Score on Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	0.36
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	0.82
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	0.03
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	-0.01

Cogstate - The One Card Learning Test (OCLT) is a measure of visual learning and uses a well-validated pattern separation paradigm with playing card stimuli. Higher Score is better performance. Higher change from baseline means better performance. (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

Change From Baseline Between, Gralise® and Neurontin®, Gralise® and Lyrica® for Sedation Evaluation - Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS).

Intervention	Score on Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	0.02
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	0.06
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	0.00
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	0.03

Scale: 1-9, 1=extremely alert, 9 = very sleepy, great effort to keep awake, fighting sleep (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

Change From Baseline Between, Gralise® and Neurontin®, Gralise® and Lyrica® for Sedation Evaluation - Portland Neurotoxicity Scale (PNS).

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	.774
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	.264
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	.868
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	.264

Portland Neurotoxicity Scale (PNS) comprises 15 questions measured on a 10-point scale. [1=No problem, 2, 3, 4, 5=Often a problem, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10=Severe problem] in 16 categories. Each question was analyzed and is presented in the same way as the primary endpoints. (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Baseline and Hour 3 on Day 3

To Compare the Relative Safety and Tolerability of Gralise®, Neurontin®, and Lyrica®.

Intervention	scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Vision (blurring, double vision)	Energy Level (get up and go)	Memory (ability to remember people, places, or thi	Walking (balance)	Interest (in activities)	Coordination	Tremor (shakiness)	Concentration (ability to concentrate on a task)	Speech (slurring words)	Forgetfulness	Sleepiness (fatigue, sedation, tiredness)	Moodiness	Alertness	Attention Span	Motivation
Gralise® (Gabapentin)	0.036	0.099	0.077	0.206	0.046	0.180	-0.103	0.080	0.035	0.118	0.693	0.181	0.297	0.020	0.185
Lyrica® (Pregabalin)	0.249	0.315	0.125	0.405	0.096	0.350	-0.031	0.137	0.065	0.175	1.176	0.098	0.607	0.146	0.368
Neurontin® (Gabapentin)	0.322	0.256	0.123	0.327	0.030	0.392	0.037	0.164	0.133	0.227	0.635	0.163	0.451	0.133	0.232
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	0.115	0.331	-0.041	0.107	0.070	0.218	0.068	0.182	0.103	0.079	0.541	0.100	0.353	0.015	0.271

"Number of subjects with Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)~Number of subjects with Serious Adverse Event (SAE)~Number of subjects discontinued due to Adverse Event (AE)" (NCT03179345)
Timeframe: Screening to 1 week after Period 4 discharge

Article	Year
The treatment of tremor. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2014, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Botulinum Toxins; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Deep Brain Stimulation; Fruc	2014
Orthostatic tremor: a review of 45 cases. Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amines; Clonazepam; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Deep Brain Stimulation; Dizziness; Fem	2014
Tremors: learning to stop the shakes. The Nurse practitioner, 2010, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Alprazolam; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabap	2010
Gabapentin for the treatment of tremor. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2003, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Aged; Amines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; ga	2003
Tremor. Current opinion in neurology, 2003, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Antiparkinson Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diagnosis, Dif	2003
Central mechanisms of tremor. Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society, 1996, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Basal Ganglia; Cerebellum; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Humans; Mesencephalon; Mov	1996
A new twist for stopping the shakes? Revisiting GABAergic therapy for essential tremor. Archives of neurology, 1999, Volume: 56, Issue:7 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; GABA Agonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric	1999
Tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease. Approaches to treatment. Drugs & aging, 2000, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Acetates; Amantadine; Amines; Antiparkinson Agents; Botulinum Toxins; Cholinergic Antagonists; Clona	2000
Evidence for involvement of GABA in the action of benzodiazepines: studies on rat cerebellum. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1975, Issue:14 Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Cerebellum; Cyclic GMP; gamma-Aminobu	1975
Effect of tremorigenic agents on the cerebellum: a review of biochemical and electrophysiological data. International review of neurobiology, 1985, Volume: 26 Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Cats; Cerebellar Nuclei; Cerebellum; Cyclic GMP; Diazepam; Dopamine; Electroence	1985

Article	Year
Effects of gabapentin, pregabalin and gastroretentive gabapentin on simulated driving, daytime sedation and cognition. Pain management, 2018, Jul-01, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Attention; Automobile Driving; Cognition; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Fe	2018
Allopregnanolone Treatment Improves Plasma Metabolomic Profile Associated with GABA Metabolism in Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome: a Pilot Study. Molecular neurobiology, 2019, Volume: 56, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Anxiety; Ataxia; Depression; Energy Metabolism; Fragile X Syndrome; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; H	2019
Gabapentin can improve postural stability and quality of life in primary orthostatic tremor. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2005, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Electromyography; Female; Gabapentin; ga	2005
Blinded placebo crossover study of gabapentin in primary orthostatic tremor. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Amines; Antiparkinson Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dizziness; Doub	2006
The effect of the GABA-agonist, progabide, on benign essential tremor. A controlled clinical trial. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1983, Volume: 68, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Electromyography; Femal	1983
Gabapentin for parkinsonism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. The American journal of medicine, 1997, Volume: 102, Issue:1 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Aged; Amines; Antiparkinson Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids	1997
Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 1998, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Amines; Antiparkinson Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid	1998
Gabapentin for treatment of pain and tremor: a large case series. Southern medical journal, 1998, Volume: 91, Issue:8 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Aged; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Arachnoiditis; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Cyc	1998
Gabapentin in orthostatic tremor: results of a double-blind crossover with placebo in four patients. Neurology, 1998, Volume: 51, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cross-Over Studies; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Double-Bli	1998
A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. Archives of neurology, 1999, Volume: 56, Issue:4 Topics: Acetates; Administration, Oral; Aged; Amines; Antiparkinson Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Cyclohexanec	1999
The effect of theophylline on essential tremor: the possible role of GABA. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1991, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Delayed-Action Preparations; Do	1991
Movement disorders in patients with coexistent neuroleptic-induced tremor and tardive dyskinesia: EMG and pharmacological study. Advances in neurology, 1987, Volume: 45 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Corpus Striatum; Double-Blind Method; Dyskinesia, Dr	1987
Pharmacologic probe with progabide of GABA mechanisms in essential tremor. Archives of neurology, 1987, Volume: 44, Issue:9 Topics: Brain; Double-Blind Method; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; T	1987

Article	Year
Is essential tremor a disorder of GABA dysfunction? No. International review of neurobiology, 2022, Volume: 163 Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Essential Tremor; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Mice; Olivary Nucleus; Purki	2022
Enhancing GABA inhibition is the next generation of medications for essential tremor. International review of neurobiology, 2022, Volume: 163 Topics: Essential Tremor; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, GABA-A; Tremor	2022
Multimodal imaging of essential tremor and dystonic tremor. NeuroImage. Clinical, 2022, Volume: 36 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Dystonia; Dystonic Disorder	2022
Multimodal imaging of essential tremor and dystonic tremor. NeuroImage. Clinical, 2022, Volume: 36 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Dystonia; Dystonic Disorder	2022
Multimodal imaging of essential tremor and dystonic tremor. NeuroImage. Clinical, 2022, Volume: 36 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Dystonia; Dystonic Disorder	2022
Multimodal imaging of essential tremor and dystonic tremor. NeuroImage. Clinical, 2022, Volume: 36 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Dystonia; Dystonic Disorder	2022
Progressive tremor and motor impairment in seizure-prone mutant tremor mice are associated with neurotransmitter dysfunction. Behavioural brain research, 2023, 04-12, Volume: 443 Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glycine;	2023
GABA-A Alpha 2/3 but Not Alpha 1 Receptor Subunit Ligand Inhibits Harmaline and Pimozide-Induced Tremor in Rats. Biomolecules, 2023, 01-18, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Essential Tremor; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Harmaline; Ligands; Pimozide; Rats; Rats, Spragu	2023
Alcohol and Ganaxolone Suppress Tremor via Extra-Synaptic GABA Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.), 2023, Volume: 13 Topics: Animals; Essential Tremor; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Harmaline; Humans; Mice; Receptors, GAB	2023
Search for Novel Therapies for Essential Tremor Based on Positive Modulation of α6-Containing GABA Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.), 2023, Volume: 13 Topics: Animals; Essential Tremor; Flumazenil; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Harmaline; Humans; Ketamine; Mice; M	2023
GABAergic changes in the thalamocortical circuit in Parkinson's disease. Human brain mapping, 2020, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Creatine; Dopamine Agents; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectro	2020
Purkinje cell misfiring generates high-amplitude action tremors that are corrected by cerebellar deep brain stimulation. eLife, 2020, 03-17, Volume: 9 Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Deep Brain Stimulation; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Harmaline; Male; Mice;	2020
Inhibitory motor dysfunction in parkinson's disease subtypes. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2018, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gait; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; gamma-Am	2018
Perverted head-shaking and positional downbeat nystagmus in pregabalin intoxication. Journal of the neurological sciences, 2014, Feb-15, Volume: 337, Issue:1-2 Topics: Acyclovir; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Antiviral Agents; Dizziness; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Head	2014
[Clinical and neurophysiological objectification and evaluation of treatment efficacy in children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of the CNS]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2014, Volume: 114, Issue:4 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hyperkines	2014
Neuro-Behçet disease presenting with oculopalatal tremor. Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, 2015, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Behcet Syndrome; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; ga	2015
Stiff eyes in stiff-person syndrome. Neurology, 2008, Jul-29, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Autoantibodies; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Electromyography; Female; gamma-Aminob	2008
Pharmacological characterization of harmaline-induced tremor activity in mice. European journal of pharmacology, 2009, Aug-15, Volume: 616, Issue:1-3 Topics: Affect; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Benzazepines; Carbolines; Chlordiazepo	2009
Pregabalin in the treatment of neuropathic tremor following a motor axonal form of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2010, Mar-15, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Axons; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Male; Motor	2010
Up-regulation of GABA transporters and GABA(A) receptor α1 subunit in tremor rat hippocampus. Neuroscience letters, 2010, Dec-17, Volume: 486, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins;	2010
In vitro neuropharmacological evaluation of penitrem-induced tremorgenic syndromes: importance of the GABAergic system. Neurochemistry international, 2011, Volume: 59, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Mycotoxins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tremor	2011
Extracellular GABA in globus pallidus increases during the induction of oral tremor by haloperidol but not by muscarinic receptor stimulation. Behavioural brain research, 2012, Sep-01, Volume: 234, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus;	2012
CENTRALLY ACTIVE 2-(SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)-GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDS. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1963, Volume: 6 Topics: Aminobutyrates; Central Nervous System; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Mice; Ph	1963
Attenuation of cerebellar tremor with implantation of an intrathecal baclofen pump: the role of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic pathways. Case report. Journal of neurosurgery, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:4 Topics: Baclofen; Cerebellum; Female; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implan	2003
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in patients admitted to hospital. Acta medica Austriaca, 2003, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcoholism; Drug Tolerance; Female	2003
The GABA uptake inhibitor beta-alanine reduces pilocarpine-induced tremor and increases extracellular GABA in substantia nigra pars reticulata as measured by microdialysis. Journal of neuroscience methods, 2004, Dec-30, Volume: 140, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; beta-Alanine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response R	2004
GABA transporter deficiency causes tremor, ataxia, nervousness, and increased GABA-induced tonic conductance in cerebellum. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005, Mar-23, Volume: 25, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Ataxia; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Cerebell	2005
Primary orthostatic tremor in a Scottish deerhound. The Veterinary record, 2006, Oct-07, Volume: 159, Issue:15 Topics: Amines; Animals; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electromyography; Excitatory Amino	2006
Life-threatening status epilepticus following gabapentin administration in a patient with benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2007, Volume: 48, Issue:10 Topics: Acute Disease; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Resistanc	2007
Whole-body tremulousness: isolated generalized polymyoclonus. Archives of neurology, 2007, Volume: 64, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Autoimmunity; Breast Neoplasms; Clonazepam; Cyclohexanecarboxy	2007
Synaptosomal GABA uptake decreases in paraoxon-treated rat brain. Toxicology, 2008, Feb-03, Volume: 244, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; beta-Alanine; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diar	2008
Potential role of pregabalin in the treatment of lithium-induced tremor: a case report. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2008, Volume: 11, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anticonvulsants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Lithium Chloride; Male; Pregabalin; Tremor	2008
Actions of tremorgenic fungal toxins on neurotransmitter release. Journal of neurochemistry, 1980, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glut	1980
Parkinson's disease and benign essential tremor: somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid. Advances in neurology, 1984, Volume: 40 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Atrophy; Brain Diseases; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hu	1984
Drugs that increase gamma-aminobutyric acid transmission protect against the high pressure neurological syndrome. British journal of pharmacology, 1982, Volume: 76, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Bicuculline; Body Temperature; Flurazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Mice	1982
Differential sensitivity of ethanol withdrawal signs in the rat to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)mimetics: blockade of audiogenic seizures but not forelimb tremors. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1983, Volume: 226, Issue:3 Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Acoustic Stimulation; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Disea	1983
Treatment of action tremor in multiple sclerosis with isoniazid. Neurology, 1982, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Electromyography; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Isoniazi	1982
GABA-gated chloride ion influx in brains of tremor rats. Neurochemical research, 1993, Volume: 18, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Chlorides; Epilepsy, Absence; Frontal Lobe; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	1993
Effective treatment of orthostatic tremor with gabapentin. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 1998, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr	1998
A case of sustained massive gabapentin overdose without serious side effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1999, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cognition; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Overdose; Epi	1999
Baclofen attenuates harmaline induced tremors in rats. Neuroscience letters, 2001, Oct-19, Volume: 312, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Electromyography; Ess	2001
Tremor associated with benign IgM paraproteinaemic neuropathy successfully treated with gabapentin. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2001, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Aged; Amines; Antiparkinson Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma	2001
Effects of stimulatory and depressant drugs on cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in mouse brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1976, Volume: 292, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Convulsants; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Diazepam; Drug Inter	1976
[Neurochemical aspects of Parkinson tremor]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1979, Apr-30, Volume: 89, Issue:2 Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Histamine; Humans; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease, Secon	1979
Determination of in vivo activity of putative GABA-like compounds [proceedings]. British journal of pharmacology, 1979, Volume: 66, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Catalepsy; Female; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Mice; Seizures; Tremo	1979
[Neurologic adverse manifestations and complications of ambulatory therapy with psychotropic drugs in the late stages]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1978, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Autonomic Nervous System; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Cognition Diso	1978
Verruculogen: a new substance for decreasing of GABA levels in CNS. Pharmacology, 1976, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Brain; Depression, Chemical; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Indoles; Male; Mice;	1976
[Effect of various amino acids and their antagonists on the cholinergic tremor and acetylcholine release in the CNS of the rat]. Acta biologica et medica Germanica, 1975, Volume: 34, Issue:9 Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Female; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycine;	1975
GABAergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic interaction in tremorine-induced tremors in mice. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 1988, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Bromocriptine; Dopamine; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; In Vitro T	1988
Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of putative amino acid transmitters in Parkinson's disease and other disorders. Human neurobiology, 1987, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Aci	1987
Suppression by progabide of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. European journal of pharmacology, 1985, Mar-12, Volume: 109, Issue:3 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred St	1985
Gamma-aminobutyric acid and the high pressure neurological syndrome. Neuropharmacology, 1986, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Alanine; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Atmospheric Pressure; Central Nervous System Diseases; Electrodes,	1986
Acute trimethyltin intoxication in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1985, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Callitrichinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; gamma-Am	1985
The response to isoniazid of action tremor in multiple sclerosis and its assessment using polarised light goniometry. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1986, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Isoniazid; Light; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple	1986
Possible role of cerebral amino acids in acute neurotoxic effects of DDT in mice. European journal of pharmacology, 1974, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Chemistry; DDT; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycin	1974

gamma-aminobutyric acid and Tremor