gamma-aminobutyric acid and Pregnancy studies

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.

Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Our objectives were to 1) determine whether first-trimester use of gabapentin is associated with an increased risk for major malformations; 2) examine rates of spontaneous abortions, therapeutic abortions, stillbirths, mean birth weight and gestational age at delivery; and 3) examine rates of poor neonatal adaptation syndrome following late pregnancy exposure."	9.17	Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. ( Bernard, N; Einarson, A; Einarson, TR; Etwell, F; Fujii, H; Goel, A; Han, JY; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Pistelli, A; Stephens, S; Yates, LM, 2013)
"We have data on 223 pregnancy outcomes exposed to gabapentin and 223 unexposed pregnancies."	9.17	Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. ( Bernard, N; Einarson, A; Einarson, TR; Etwell, F; Fujii, H; Goel, A; Han, JY; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Pistelli, A; Stephens, S; Yates, LM, 2013)
"Our results suggest that although this sample size is not large enough to make any definitive conclusions, and there was no comparator group treated with other antiepileptic drugs, gabapentin use in pregnancy does not appear to increase the risk for major malformations."	9.17	Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. ( Bernard, N; Einarson, A; Einarson, TR; Etwell, F; Fujii, H; Goel, A; Han, JY; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Pistelli, A; Stephens, S; Yates, LM, 2013)
"This is the first study considering the use of pregabalin for labor pain associated with late termination of pregnancy, showing that pregabalin 150 mg/12 h is a helpful adjuvant to epidural analgesia."	9.14	Evaluation of pregabalin as an adjuvant to patient-controlled epidural analgesia during late termination of pregnancy. ( Lavand'homme, PM; Roelants, F, 2010)
"Healthy women were randomly allocated to receive either oral pregabalin 150 mg/12 h or prazepam 10 mg/12 h at the induction of the late termination of pregnancy procedure."	9.14	Evaluation of pregabalin as an adjuvant to patient-controlled epidural analgesia during late termination of pregnancy. ( Lavand'homme, PM; Roelants, F, 2010)
" Gabapentin is currently FDA-approved for treating RLS and preliminary results have shown it may be effective for treating the most severe form of NVP, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)."	8.90	Potential maternal symptomatic benefit of gabapentin and review of its safety in pregnancy. ( Guttuso, T; Shaman, M; Thornburg, LL, 2014)
"Although its exact mode of action is not known, gabapentin appears to have a unique effect on voltage-dependent calcium ion channels at the postsynaptic dorsal horns and may, therefore, interrupt the series of events that possibly leads to the experience of a neuropathic pain sensation."	8.81	Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. ( Kam, PC; Rose, MA, 2002)
"In this study, based on the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance theory of autism, the time window of GABA switch, the role of K-Cl co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in adjustment GABA switch, and brain permeability to erythropoietin (EPO), the effects of postnatal -EPO and- nano- erythropoietin (NEPO) have been evaluated in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism."	8.31	The effects of postnatal erythropoietin and nano-erythropoietin on behavioral alterations by mediating K-Cl co-transporter 2 in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism. ( Basiri, M; Darvishzadeh-Mahani, F; Haratizadeh, S; Nozari, M; Ranjbar, M, 2023)
"The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in attenuates insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and the reduction of the risk of IR in their offspring, and the function of GLUT4, IRS1 and Akt2 genes expression were investigated."	8.02	Gamma-aminobutyric acid attenuates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients and reduces the risk of insulin resistance in their offspring. ( Rezazadeh, H; Sharifi, M; Sharifi, MR; Soltani, N, 2021)
" Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of noradrenaline, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine in parturients with labor pain compared to those without labor pain."	7.85	Noradrenaline, Serotonin, GABA, and Glycine in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Labor Pain: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study. ( Chalermkitpanit, P; Charuluxananan, S; Engsusophon, P; Honsawek, S; Thonnagith, A, 2017)
"CSF serotonin and glycine were significantly correlated with labor pain scores."	7.85	Noradrenaline, Serotonin, GABA, and Glycine in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Labor Pain: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study. ( Chalermkitpanit, P; Charuluxananan, S; Engsusophon, P; Honsawek, S; Thonnagith, A, 2017)
"Environmental factors have been associated with psychiatric disorders and recent epidemiological studies suggest an association between prenatal lead (Pb(2+)) exposure and schizophrenia (SZ)."	7.81	Early-life lead exposure recapitulates the selective loss of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and subcortical dopamine system hyperactivity present in schizophrenia. ( Guilarte, TR; Liu, X; McGlothan, JL; Ruby, KN; Soares, BD; Stansfield, KH, 2015)
"We report that the oxytocin-mediated neuroprotective γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery is abolished in the valproate and fragile X rodent models of autism."	7.80	Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring. ( Ben-Ari, Y; Brouchoud, C; Burnashev, N; Chazal, G; Eftekhari, S; Ferrari, DC; Khalilov, I; Lemonnier, E; Lozovaya, N; Nardou, R; Shahrokhi, A; Tsintsadze, T; Tsintsadze, V; Tyzio, R, 2014)
" 675) reported that bumetanide restored the impaired oxytocin-mediated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery in animal models of autism, ameliorating some autistic-like characteristics in the offspring."	7.80	Comment on "Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring". ( Bambini-Junior, V; Gottfried, C; Nunes, GD; Schneider, T, 2014)
" We have shown that perinatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) at environmental dose level causes long-term anxiety-like behaviors in rats."	7.79	Persistent overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1 attenuating GABAergic inhibition in basolateral amygdala accounts for anxiety in rat offspring exposed perinatally to low-dose bisphenol A. ( Bai, Y; Chang, F; Chen, F; Chen, L; Zhou, R, 2013)
"Vigabatrin was specifically designed to enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in the CNS."	7.77	Vigabatrin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in epilepsy and disorders of motor control. ( Grant, SM; Heel, RC, 1991)
"Among 7 subjects with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), we found gabapentin therapy to be associated with mean reductions in nausea and emesis from Baseline to Days 12-14 of 80% and 94%, respectively."	7.76	Gabapentin use in hyperemesis gravidarum: a pilot study. ( Amankwah, KS; Guttuso, T; Robinson, LK, 2010)
"Zinc with or without glutamine improved weight gain as compared to untreated, undernourished controls."	7.76	Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition. ( Castro, IC; Costa, SB; Coutinho, BP; de Andrade, GM; de Castro-Costa, CM; Feitosa, GA; Guerrant, RL; Ladd, AA; Ladd, FV; Lima, AA; Magalhães, CE; Oliveira, BB; Oriá, RB; Ribeiro, AA, 2010)
"We conclude that glutamine or zinc protects against malnutrition-induced brain developmental impairments."	7.76	Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition. ( Castro, IC; Costa, SB; Coutinho, BP; de Andrade, GM; de Castro-Costa, CM; Feitosa, GA; Guerrant, RL; Ladd, AA; Ladd, FV; Lima, AA; Magalhães, CE; Oliveira, BB; Oriá, RB; Ribeiro, AA, 2010)
" Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) systems play a role in the effect of stimulants in the genesis of epileptic seizures."	7.76	Effect of cross-fostering on seizures in adult male offspring of methamphetamine-treated rat mothers. ( Bernásková, K; Hrubá, L; Matejovská, I; Rokyta, R; Slamberová, R, 2010)
"The objective of this study was to assess the safety of gabapentin (Neurontin) exposure in human pregnancy."	7.72	Gabapentin exposure in human pregnancy: results from the Gabapentin Pregnancy Registry. ( Montouris, G, 2003)
"The effects of increased potassium ion concentration (50 mM) and hypoxia on the efflux of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were studied in ovine fetal hippocampal slices using the static-pool-interface superfusion method at three selected gestational ages (85 days, 105 days, 135 days; term, about 147 days)."	7.68	Release of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the ovine fetal hippocampus: ontogeny and effect of hypoxia. ( Brien, JF; Jimmo, S; Patrick, J; Penning, DH, 1991)
"In a previous paper, I have proposed that the deficiency of an endogenous caffeine-like substance is the underlying pathogenic mechanism in schizophrenia (1)."	7.68	Exploring the role of an endogenous caffeine-like substance in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. ( Missak, SS, 1991)
" The object of this study was to further explore the suppression of pulsatile LH release by EOPs on day 8 of pregnancy by examining whether inhibition of norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine (EPIN) synthesis, or stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B receptors, modified the ability of naloxone infusion (0."	7.67	Neurotransmitter involvement in naloxone-induced stimulation of pulsatile LH release on day 8 of pregnancy in the rat. ( Bona-Gallo, A; Gallo, RV; Mallory, DS, 1989)
" If future pregnancy registry data confirm this positive safety profile, gabapentin therapy would likely be a safe and effective treatment for RLS during pregnancy."	6.50	Potential maternal symptomatic benefit of gabapentin and review of its safety in pregnancy. ( Guttuso, T; Shaman, M; Thornburg, LL, 2014)
"Gabapentin has been clearly demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia."	6.41	Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. ( Kam, PC; Rose, MA, 2002)
" Male offsprings were injected with EPO and NEPO in a clinically proper postnatal dosing regimen on postnatal days (PND) 1-5, and autistic-like behaviors were tested at the end of the first month."	5.91	The effects of postnatal erythropoietin and nano-erythropoietin on behavioral alterations by mediating K-Cl co-transporter 2 in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism. ( Basiri, M; Darvishzadeh-Mahani, F; Haratizadeh, S; Nozari, M; Ranjbar, M, 2023)
" Pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were intraperitoneally injected with a dosage of 500 mg/kg valproic acid (VPA) on embryonic day 10."	5.72	Size anomaly and alteration of GABAergic enzymes expressions in cerebellum of a valproic acid mouse model of autism. ( Kwan, KM; Ma, SY, 2022)
"The mainstay treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic drugs (APDs), which are mostly effective against the positive symptoms (e."	5.51	Effect of cannabidiol on endocannabinoid, glutamatergic and GABAergic signalling markers in male offspring of a maternal immune activation (poly I:C) model relevant to schizophrenia. ( Babic, I; Huang, XF; Lum, JS; Newell, KA; Osborne, AL; Solowij, N; Weston-Green, K, 2019)
"Malnutrition was induced by clustering the litter size from 6-7 pups/dam (nourished control) to 12-14 pups/dam (undernourished control) following birth."	5.36	Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition. ( Castro, IC; Costa, SB; Coutinho, BP; de Andrade, GM; de Castro-Costa, CM; Feitosa, GA; Guerrant, RL; Ladd, AA; Ladd, FV; Lima, AA; Magalhães, CE; Oliveira, BB; Oriá, RB; Ribeiro, AA, 2010)
" GBP plasma concentrations in the neonates declined with an estimated half-life of 14 h."	5.33	Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy? ( Ohman, I; Tomson, T; Vitols, S, 2005)
"Bicuculline was used to investigate seizure susceptibility in pre- and peripubertal male and female rats exposed prenatally to morphine."	5.31	Prenatal morphine exposure alters susceptibility to bicuculline seizures in a sex- and age-specific manner. ( Schindler, CJ; Slamberová, R; Vathy, I; Velísková, J, 2000)
" In the present study, the effects of maternal cocaine dosage and of cocaine-elicited maternal seizures on the progeny were studied."	5.30	Cocaine administration in pregnant rabbits alters cortical structure and function in their progeny in the absence of maternal seizures. ( Fischer, I; Friedman, E; Grayson, D; Jones, L; Levitt, P; Murphy, EH; O'Brien-Jenkins, A; Wang, HY; Wang, XH, 1997)
"The incidence of maternal generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCSs) elicited by cocaine was recorded."	5.30	Cocaine administration in pregnant rabbits alters cortical structure and function in their progeny in the absence of maternal seizures. ( Fischer, I; Friedman, E; Grayson, D; Jones, L; Levitt, P; Murphy, EH; O'Brien-Jenkins, A; Wang, HY; Wang, XH, 1997)
"Electroconvulsive seizures administered during the period of fetal benzodiazepine (BZ) binding site proliferation (days 16, 18 and 20 in gestation) significantly decreased the density of cerebral cortical benzodiazepine binding sites in exposed pups up to 21 days postnatal age."	5.26	Prenatal exposure to electroconvulsive seizures and phenytoin: development of benzodiazepine binding sites, reflex behaviors and seizure thresholds in exposed offspring. ( Gallager, DW; Wakeman, EA, 1982)
"Our objectives were to 1) determine whether first-trimester use of gabapentin is associated with an increased risk for major malformations; 2) examine rates of spontaneous abortions, therapeutic abortions, stillbirths, mean birth weight and gestational age at delivery; and 3) examine rates of poor neonatal adaptation syndrome following late pregnancy exposure."	5.17	Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. ( Bernard, N; Einarson, A; Einarson, TR; Etwell, F; Fujii, H; Goel, A; Han, JY; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Pistelli, A; Stephens, S; Yates, LM, 2013)
"We have data on 223 pregnancy outcomes exposed to gabapentin and 223 unexposed pregnancies."	5.17	Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. ( Bernard, N; Einarson, A; Einarson, TR; Etwell, F; Fujii, H; Goel, A; Han, JY; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Pistelli, A; Stephens, S; Yates, LM, 2013)
"Our results suggest that although this sample size is not large enough to make any definitive conclusions, and there was no comparator group treated with other antiepileptic drugs, gabapentin use in pregnancy does not appear to increase the risk for major malformations."	5.17	Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. ( Bernard, N; Einarson, A; Einarson, TR; Etwell, F; Fujii, H; Goel, A; Han, JY; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Pistelli, A; Stephens, S; Yates, LM, 2013)
"This is the first study considering the use of pregabalin for labor pain associated with late termination of pregnancy, showing that pregabalin 150 mg/12 h is a helpful adjuvant to epidural analgesia."	5.14	Evaluation of pregabalin as an adjuvant to patient-controlled epidural analgesia during late termination of pregnancy. ( Lavand'homme, PM; Roelants, F, 2010)
"Healthy women were randomly allocated to receive either oral pregabalin 150 mg/12 h or prazepam 10 mg/12 h at the induction of the late termination of pregnancy procedure."	5.14	Evaluation of pregabalin as an adjuvant to patient-controlled epidural analgesia during late termination of pregnancy. ( Lavand'homme, PM; Roelants, F, 2010)
" Gabapentin is currently FDA-approved for treating RLS and preliminary results have shown it may be effective for treating the most severe form of NVP, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)."	4.90	Potential maternal symptomatic benefit of gabapentin and review of its safety in pregnancy. ( Guttuso, T; Shaman, M; Thornburg, LL, 2014)
"Although its exact mode of action is not known, gabapentin appears to have a unique effect on voltage-dependent calcium ion channels at the postsynaptic dorsal horns and may, therefore, interrupt the series of events that possibly leads to the experience of a neuropathic pain sensation."	4.81	Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. ( Kam, PC; Rose, MA, 2002)
"In this study, based on the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance theory of autism, the time window of GABA switch, the role of K-Cl co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in adjustment GABA switch, and brain permeability to erythropoietin (EPO), the effects of postnatal -EPO and- nano- erythropoietin (NEPO) have been evaluated in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism."	4.31	The effects of postnatal erythropoietin and nano-erythropoietin on behavioral alterations by mediating K-Cl co-transporter 2 in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism. ( Basiri, M; Darvishzadeh-Mahani, F; Haratizadeh, S; Nozari, M; Ranjbar, M, 2023)
"Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamatergic system perturbations following premature birth may explain neurodevelopmental deficits in the absence of structural brain injury."	4.31	Severity of prematurity and age impact early postnatal development of GABA and glutamate systems. ( Andescavage, N; Basu, SK; Chang, T; duPlessis, AJ; Kapse, KJ; Limperopoulos, C; Lopez, CA; Murnick, J; Pradhan, S; Sharker, YM, 2023)
"Rats with hHCy developed more severe stages of behavioral patterns during flurothyl-induced epilepsy with shorter latency."	4.31	Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia increases seizures susceptibility of neonatal rats. ( Gataulina, E; Gerasimova, E; Khalilov, I; Kurmashova, E; Sitdikova, GF; Yakovlev, AV, 2023)
"The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in attenuates insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and the reduction of the risk of IR in their offspring, and the function of GLUT4, IRS1 and Akt2 genes expression were investigated."	4.02	Gamma-aminobutyric acid attenuates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients and reduces the risk of insulin resistance in their offspring. ( Rezazadeh, H; Sharifi, M; Sharifi, MR; Soltani, N, 2021)
" Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of noradrenaline, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine in parturients with labor pain compared to those without labor pain."	3.85	Noradrenaline, Serotonin, GABA, and Glycine in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Labor Pain: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study. ( Chalermkitpanit, P; Charuluxananan, S; Engsusophon, P; Honsawek, S; Thonnagith, A, 2017)
"CSF serotonin and glycine were significantly correlated with labor pain scores."	3.85	Noradrenaline, Serotonin, GABA, and Glycine in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Labor Pain: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study. ( Chalermkitpanit, P; Charuluxananan, S; Engsusophon, P; Honsawek, S; Thonnagith, A, 2017)
"Environmental factors have been associated with psychiatric disorders and recent epidemiological studies suggest an association between prenatal lead (Pb(2+)) exposure and schizophrenia (SZ)."	3.81	Early-life lead exposure recapitulates the selective loss of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and subcortical dopamine system hyperactivity present in schizophrenia. ( Guilarte, TR; Liu, X; McGlothan, JL; Ruby, KN; Soares, BD; Stansfield, KH, 2015)
"We report that the oxytocin-mediated neuroprotective γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery is abolished in the valproate and fragile X rodent models of autism."	3.80	Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring. ( Ben-Ari, Y; Brouchoud, C; Burnashev, N; Chazal, G; Eftekhari, S; Ferrari, DC; Khalilov, I; Lemonnier, E; Lozovaya, N; Nardou, R; Shahrokhi, A; Tsintsadze, T; Tsintsadze, V; Tyzio, R, 2014)
" The concentration of homocysteine in blood plasma of rats with complicated pregnancy 4."	3.80	GABA derivatives citrocard and salifen reduce the intensity of experimental gestosis. ( Kuznetsov, KA; Lova, VN; Reznikova, LB; Ryabukha, AF; Smirnova, LA; Suchkov, EA; Tyurenkov, IN, 2014)
" 675) reported that bumetanide restored the impaired oxytocin-mediated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery in animal models of autism, ameliorating some autistic-like characteristics in the offspring."	3.80	Comment on "Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring". ( Bambini-Junior, V; Gottfried, C; Nunes, GD; Schneider, T, 2014)
"Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is an air pollutant that impedes neonatal development and induces adverse cardiorespiratory health effects, including tachycardia."	3.79	Perinatal sulfur dioxide exposure alters brainstem parasympathetic control of heart rate. ( Mendelowitz, D; Woerman, AL, 2013)
" We have shown that perinatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) at environmental dose level causes long-term anxiety-like behaviors in rats."	3.79	Persistent overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1 attenuating GABAergic inhibition in basolateral amygdala accounts for anxiety in rat offspring exposed perinatally to low-dose bisphenol A. ( Bai, Y; Chang, F; Chen, F; Chen, L; Zhou, R, 2013)
"Cocaine abuse during pregnancy produces harmful effects not only on the mother but also on the unborn child."	3.78	Prenatal cocaine exposure decreases parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons and GABA-to-projection neuron ratio in the medial prefrontal cortex. ( Bhide, PG; McCarthy, DM, 2012)
"Isoflurane anesthesia was physiologically well tolerated by the dams."	3.77	Rats exposed to isoflurane in utero during early gestation are behaviorally abnormal as adults. ( Baxter, MG; Crosby, G; Culley, DJ; Keel, PK; Palanisamy, A; Xie, Z, 2011)
"Rats exposed to isoflurane in utero at a time that corresponds to the second trimester in humans have impaired spatial memory acquisition and reduced anxiety, compared with controls."	3.77	Rats exposed to isoflurane in utero during early gestation are behaviorally abnormal as adults. ( Baxter, MG; Crosby, G; Culley, DJ; Keel, PK; Palanisamy, A; Xie, Z, 2011)
"Vigabatrin was specifically designed to enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in the CNS."	3.77	Vigabatrin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in epilepsy and disorders of motor control. ( Grant, SM; Heel, RC, 1991)
"Among 7 subjects with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), we found gabapentin therapy to be associated with mean reductions in nausea and emesis from Baseline to Days 12-14 of 80% and 94%, respectively."	3.76	Gabapentin use in hyperemesis gravidarum: a pilot study. ( Amankwah, KS; Guttuso, T; Robinson, LK, 2010)
"Zinc with or without glutamine improved weight gain as compared to untreated, undernourished controls."	3.76	Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition. ( Castro, IC; Costa, SB; Coutinho, BP; de Andrade, GM; de Castro-Costa, CM; Feitosa, GA; Guerrant, RL; Ladd, AA; Ladd, FV; Lima, AA; Magalhães, CE; Oliveira, BB; Oriá, RB; Ribeiro, AA, 2010)
"We conclude that glutamine or zinc protects against malnutrition-induced brain developmental impairments."	3.76	Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition. ( Castro, IC; Costa, SB; Coutinho, BP; de Andrade, GM; de Castro-Costa, CM; Feitosa, GA; Guerrant, RL; Ladd, AA; Ladd, FV; Lima, AA; Magalhães, CE; Oliveira, BB; Oriá, RB; Ribeiro, AA, 2010)
" Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) systems play a role in the effect of stimulants in the genesis of epileptic seizures."	3.76	Effect of cross-fostering on seizures in adult male offspring of methamphetamine-treated rat mothers. ( Bernásková, K; Hrubá, L; Matejovská, I; Rokyta, R; Slamberová, R, 2010)
"To explore the correlation between domestic violence in pregnancy and plasma glutamate (Glu), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and cortisol levels in neonates."	3.74	[Correlation between domestic violence in pregnancy and the levels of plasma amino acids and cortisol in the neonates]. ( Cao, YP; Yang, SC; Zhang, XH; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YL; Zou, SH, 2008)
"Neurodevelopmental deficits of parvalbumin-immunoreactive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons in prefrontal cortex have been reported in schizophrenia."	3.74	Prenatal exposure to an NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 reduces density of parvalbumin-immunoreactive GABAergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and enhances phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion but not behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine ( Abekawa, T; Ito, K; Koyama, T; Nakagawa, S, 2007)
" By contrast, offspring of rats exposed to carbamazepine (which at the dose used produced low plasma concentrations) or to generalized convulsive seizures showed no clear-cut evidence of dysplasias."	3.74	Fetal exposure to GABA-acting antiepileptic drugs generates hippocampal and cortical dysplasias. ( Ben-Ari, Y; Depaulis, A; Jorquera, I; Manent, JB; Mazzucchelli, I; Perucca, E; Represa, A, 2007)
"The aim of this study was to assess the effects of prenatal exposures to cannabinoids or carbon monoxide (CO) in an animal experimental model reproducing the environmental conditions in which a fetus develops whose mother, during pregnancy, ingests by smoking low doses of cannabinoids or CO."	3.74	Effects of prenatal exposure to the CB-1 receptor agonist WIN 55212-2 or CO on the GABAergic neuronal systems of rat cerebellar cortex. ( Ambrosi, G; Auteri, P; Benagiano, V; Bosco, L; Cagiano, R; Flace, P; Girolamo, F; Lorusso, L; Rizzi, A; Sabatini, R, 2007)
"A total of 60 pregnant mice, divided into 12 groups of five mice each, were exposed to gabapentin in four different doses of 0 (control), 113, 226, or 452 mg/kg body weight per day, at three different gestational stages including early gestation (1-6 days), mid-gestation (7-12 days), and late gestation (13-17 days)."	3.74	Teratogenic effects of the anticonvulsant gabapentin in mice. ( Goel, RK; Madhyastha, S; Nasar, MA; Pai, MM; Prabhu, LV; Rai, R; Singh, G; Yadav, SK, 2008)
"We aim to study and elucidate the safety profile of the antiepileptic doses of gabapentin during pregnancy, and to evaluate gabapentin-induced murine fetotoxicity at different dose levels."	3.74	Teratogenic effects of the anticonvulsant gabapentin in mice. ( Goel, RK; Madhyastha, S; Nasar, MA; Pai, MM; Prabhu, LV; Rai, R; Singh, G; Yadav, SK, 2008)
"Gabapentin should not be prescribed during pregnancy, as no therapeutic dose of gabapentin is safe during this period as far as the foetal well-being is concerned."	3.74	Teratogenic effects of the anticonvulsant gabapentin in mice. ( Goel, RK; Madhyastha, S; Nasar, MA; Pai, MM; Prabhu, LV; Rai, R; Singh, G; Yadav, SK, 2008)
" During hypoxia, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) modulates the magnitude of the ventilatory response."	3.74	Neonatal maternal separation and enhancement of the inspiratory (phrenic) response to hypoxia in adult rats: disruption of GABAergic neurotransmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius. ( Balon, N; Drolet, G; Genest, SE; Gulemetova, R; Kinkead, R; Laforest, S, 2008)
"The objective of this study was to assess the safety of gabapentin (Neurontin) exposure in human pregnancy."	3.72	Gabapentin exposure in human pregnancy: results from the Gabapentin Pregnancy Registry. ( Montouris, G, 2003)
"several parameters, concerning fertility were measured in 40 albino male rats of Sprague Dawley strain, they were divided into 4 groups, group one received vehicle (distilled water), group two received Vigabatrin in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, group three received Lamotrigine in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, and group four received Gabapentin 100 mg/kg body weight."	3.72	The effect of Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine and Gabapentin on the fertility, weights, sex hormones and biochemical profiles of male rats. ( Abdul-Zahra, E; Bataineh, H; Daoud, AS; Otoom, S, 2004)
" In the last decade, pregnancy registries have been activated by collaborative groups of physicians in Europe (EURAP), North America (NAREP), Australia and India (the latter two recently merged into EURAP), to enroll a large number of exposed women to be monitored prospectively with standardized methods, and by three pharmaceutical companies marketing lamotrigine, gabapentin and vigabatrin, as part of their post-marketing surveillance."	3.71	Pregnancy registries in epilepsy. ( Annegers, JF; Beghi, E, 2001)
"5 months of pregnancy then carbamazepine 400 mg LP x 2/day, raised to 600 mg LP x 2/day at the 25th week of gestation because of epileptic crisis."	3.69	[Carbamazepine and vigabatrin in epileptic pregnant woman and side effects in the newborn infant]. ( Aboulghit, H; Beust, M; Kayemba Kay'S, S; Mourtada, A; Voisin, M, 1997)
"Newborns of epileptic mothers treated with carbamazepine and/or vigabatrin during pregnancy should be placed under clinical observation during their first postnatal week."	3.69	[Carbamazepine and vigabatrin in epileptic pregnant woman and side effects in the newborn infant]. ( Aboulghit, H; Beust, M; Kayemba Kay'S, S; Mourtada, A; Voisin, M, 1997)
"The effects of increased potassium ion concentration (50 mM) and hypoxia on the efflux of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were studied in ovine fetal hippocampal slices using the static-pool-interface superfusion method at three selected gestational ages (85 days, 105 days, 135 days; term, about 147 days)."	3.68	Release of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the ovine fetal hippocampus: ontogeny and effect of hypoxia. ( Brien, JF; Jimmo, S; Patrick, J; Penning, DH, 1991)
"In a previous paper, I have proposed that the deficiency of an endogenous caffeine-like substance is the underlying pathogenic mechanism in schizophrenia (1)."	3.68	Exploring the role of an endogenous caffeine-like substance in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. ( Missak, SS, 1991)
"Wistar rat pups were administered either a high dose of lead acetate (400 micrograms lead/g body weight/day) or a low dose (100 micrograms lead/g body weight/day) by gastric intubation, from 2 days through 60 days of age."	3.68	Regional alterations of brain biogenic amines and GABA/glutamate levels in rats following chronic lead exposure during neonatal development. ( Desiraju, T; Shailesh Kumar, MV, 1990)
" Diazepam (Valium) could cause cleft palate by mimicking GABA."	3.67	Neuropharmacologic teratogenesis and neurotransmitter regulation of palate development. ( Zimmerman, EF, 1984)
"The concentration and the total quantity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined in ovary and Fallopian tube of the rat on day 3, 7, 14 and 21 of pregnancy and the values were compared with a diestrous control group."	3.67	Alteration of GABA levels in ovary and fallopian tube of the pregnant rat. ( Erdö, SL, 1984)
" The object of this study was to further explore the suppression of pulsatile LH release by EOPs on day 8 of pregnancy by examining whether inhibition of norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine (EPIN) synthesis, or stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-B receptors, modified the ability of naloxone infusion (0."	3.67	Neurotransmitter involvement in naloxone-induced stimulation of pulsatile LH release on day 8 of pregnancy in the rat. ( Bona-Gallo, A; Gallo, RV; Mallory, DS, 1989)
"The effect of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in different rat brain regions of 3-week-old pups was investigated."	3.67	Effect of pre- and postnatal alcohol consumption on GABA levels of various brain regions in the rat offspring. ( Ciesielski, L; Ledig, M; Lorentz, JG; Mandel, P; Simler, S, 1988)
"d-Amphetamine and amitriptyline (AT) were administered daily to female rats from day 7 of pregnancy until birth of the litters."	3.66	The effect of d-amphetamine and amitriptyline administered to pregnant rats on the locomotor activity and neurotransmitters of the offspring. ( Biesold, D; Bigl, V; Dalitz, E; Kunert, E; Leonard, BE, 1982)
"The metabolism of 14C-putrescine by diamine oxidase was tested on the 19th day of pregnancy in different organs of rats."	3.66	In vitro metabolism of putrescine by diamine oxidase in tissues of the pregnant rat. ( Andersson, AC; Henningsson, S, 1980)
" Of 11 transplantable and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced adenocarcinomas of the rat, all nonmetastasizing tumors could be distinguished from metastasizing tumors by the accumulation of high glutamine pools and significant-to-high cystathionine pools."	3.66	Free amino acid pools of rodent mammary tumors. ( Ip, C; Kim, U; Pine, MJ, 1982)
" Pantogam (syrup 100 mg/ml) or placebo were prescribed orally 15-30 minutes after feeding, twice a day, in a daily dosage of 30-50 mg/kg body weight."	2.90	[Pharmacotherapy of psychomotor developmental delay in 6-12 months preterm infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (the double-blind comparative multicenter placebo-controlled study)]. ( Davydova, LA; Gaynetdinova, DD; Guzeva, VI; Romanova, TA; Zavadenko, AN; Zavadenko, NN, 2019)
"Postoperative pain was measured at 24 and 48 h, at rest and on movement, on a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0 to 100 mm)."	2.80	A Perioperative Course of Gabapentin Does Not Produce a Clinically Meaningful Improvement in Analgesia after Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Bernstein, P; Carvalho, JC; Downey, K; Hoppe, DW; Monks, DT; Shah, V, 2015)
"2-Chloroprocaine (CP) has recently been recommended as a less toxic alternative to amide-type local anesthetics due to its rapid metabolism."	2.65	Comparison of lidocaine and 2-chloroprocaine in paracervical block: clinical effects and drug concentrations in mother and child. ( Almonte, RO; Gundersen, K; Halevy, S; Hinsvark, ON; O'Brien, JE; Weiss, RR, 1983)
"Idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) can severely affect quality of life and disturb sleep, so that pharmacological treatment is necessary, especially for elderly patients."	2.52	Restless legs syndrome-current therapies and management of augmentation. ( Inoue, Y; Paulus, W; Trenkwalder, C; Winkelmann, J, 2015)
" Bioavailability is greater in gabapentin enacarbil as compared to gabapentin."	2.50	New treatment options for the management of restless leg syndrome. ( Toro, BE, 2014)
" If future pregnancy registry data confirm this positive safety profile, gabapentin therapy would likely be a safe and effective treatment for RLS during pregnancy."	2.50	Potential maternal symptomatic benefit of gabapentin and review of its safety in pregnancy. ( Guttuso, T; Shaman, M; Thornburg, LL, 2014)
"Recent awareness that chronic pain may occur after childbirth has prompted clinicians and researchers to investigate this topic."	2.49	Chronic pain after childbirth. ( Bollag, L; Landau, R; Ortner, C, 2013)
"Gabapentin has been clearly demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia."	2.41	Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. ( Kam, PC; Rose, MA, 2002)
" Male offsprings were injected with EPO and NEPO in a clinically proper postnatal dosing regimen on postnatal days (PND) 1-5, and autistic-like behaviors were tested at the end of the first month."	1.91	The effects of postnatal erythropoietin and nano-erythropoietin on behavioral alterations by mediating K-Cl co-transporter 2 in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism. ( Basiri, M; Darvishzadeh-Mahani, F; Haratizadeh, S; Nozari, M; Ranjbar, M, 2023)
"Neonatal seizures are severe pathologies which may result in long-term neurological consequences."	1.91	Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia increases seizures susceptibility of neonatal rats. ( Gataulina, E; Gerasimova, E; Khalilov, I; Kurmashova, E; Sitdikova, GF; Yakovlev, AV, 2023)
"The higher susceptibility to seizures in rats with prenatal hHCy due to a shift in the balance of excitation/inhibition toward excitation may underlie the clinical evidence about the association of hHCy with an increased risk of epilepsy."	1.91	Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia increases seizures susceptibility of neonatal rats. ( Gataulina, E; Gerasimova, E; Khalilov, I; Kurmashova, E; Sitdikova, GF; Yakovlev, AV, 2023)
" Pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were intraperitoneally injected with a dosage of 500 mg/kg valproic acid (VPA) on embryonic day 10."	1.72	Size anomaly and alteration of GABAergic enzymes expressions in cerebellum of a valproic acid mouse model of autism. ( Kwan, KM; Ma, SY, 2022)
"Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-recognized endocrine disruptor and is globally used in the manufacture of many plastic items."	1.62	Gamma aminobutyric acid signaling disturbances and altered astrocytic morphology associated with Bisphenol A induced cognitive impairments in rat offspring. ( Kazi, SAF; Memon, S; Nizamani, GS; Singha, SP, 2021)
" Finally, in vitro results demonstrated that GABA (ranging from 10 to 50 μg/μL) markedly inhibited preimplantation embryo development in a dose-response manner."	1.56	GABA consumption during early pregnancy impairs endometrial receptivity and embryo development in mice. ( Cao, K; Liang, H; Luo, W; Tan, D; Tan, Y; Tian, N; Wang, X; Zhang, Q, 2020)
"The mainstay treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic drugs (APDs), which are mostly effective against the positive symptoms (e."	1.51	Effect of cannabidiol on endocannabinoid, glutamatergic and GABAergic signalling markers in male offspring of a maternal immune activation (poly I:C) model relevant to schizophrenia. ( Babic, I; Huang, XF; Lum, JS; Newell, KA; Osborne, AL; Solowij, N; Weston-Green, K, 2019)
"Gabapentin (GBP) is a widely used antiepileptic drug, with potential for use in the treatment of epilepsy in pregnant women."	1.46	Involvement of l-type amino acid transporter 1 in the transport of gabapentin into human placental choriocarcinoma cells. ( Furugen, A; Hirano, T; Iseki, K; Ishiguro, Y; Kobayashi, M; Narumi, K; Nishimura, A, 2017)
"Infant delirium is an under-recognized clinical entity in neonatal intensive care, and earlier identification and treatment could minimize morbidities associated with this condition."	1.46	A case of infant delirium in the neonatal intensive care unit. ( Bidegain, M; Cotten, CM; Edwards, LE; Hornik, CD; Hutchison, LB; Smith, PB, 2017)
"Depression during pregnancy has been linked to in utero stress and is associated with long-lasting symptoms in offspring, including anxiety, helplessness, attentional deficits, and social withdrawal."	1.42	Prenatal stress, regardless of concurrent escitalopram treatment, alters behavior and amygdala gene expression of adolescent female rats. ( Bourke, CH; Ehrlich, DE; Hazra, R; Jairam, N; Neigh, GN; Nemeth, CL; Owens, MJ; Rainnie, DG; Rowson, S; Ryan, SJ; Sholar, CA; Stowe, ZN, 2015)
"Experimental preeclampsia was modeled by replacing the drinking water by 1."	1.40	[Comparative study of the effects of new neuroactive amino acid derivatives on the postnatal development of the rat's offspring with experimental preeclampsia]. ( Lebedeva, SA; Mikhailova, LI; Perfilova, VN; Tyurenkov, IN; Zhakupova, GA, 2014)
"It was found that the experimental preeclampsia causes a delay in physical development and maturation of sensory-motor reflexes in the offspring, as indicated by the later periods of eruption of the incisors and eye opening, response to the emergence of audio and olfactory stimuli, forming vestibular stability and coordination of movements compared to pups from females with physiological pregnancy."	1.40	[Comparative study of the effects of new neuroactive amino acid derivatives on the postnatal development of the rat's offspring with experimental preeclampsia]. ( Lebedeva, SA; Mikhailova, LI; Perfilova, VN; Tyurenkov, IN; Zhakupova, GA, 2014)
"Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is an air pollutant that impedes neonatal development and induces adverse cardiorespiratory health effects, including tachycardia."	1.39	Perinatal sulfur dioxide exposure alters brainstem parasympathetic control of heart rate. ( Mendelowitz, D; Woerman, AL, 2013)
"NPC-treated animals showed decreased hyperalgesia and allodynia 1-3week post-transplantation; vehicle-injected CCI rats continued displaying pain behaviors."	1.38	Intraspinal transplantation of GABAergic neural progenitors attenuates neuropathic pain in rats: a pharmacologic and neurophysiological evaluation. ( Gajavelli, S; Hentall, ID; Jergova, S; Sagen, J; Varghese, MS, 2012)
"Hypothyroidism affects neurogenesis."	1.38	Similar distribution changes of GABAergic interneuron subpopulations in contrast to the different impact on neurogenesis between developmental and adult-stage hypothyroidism in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in rats. ( Akane, H; Mitsumori, K; Morita, R; Ohishi, T; Shibutani, M; Shiraki, A; Suzuki, K; Wang, L, 2012)
"Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare condition of adipose tissue hypertrophy in the epidural space."	1.38	Epidural lipomatosis causing new debilitating back pain in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus on highly active antiretroviral therapy. ( Billings, F; Hoyt, MR, 2012)
"Epidural lipomatosis was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging."	1.38	Epidural lipomatosis causing new debilitating back pain in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus on highly active antiretroviral therapy. ( Billings, F; Hoyt, MR, 2012)
"The nicotine-induced increase in glutamatic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA(A) receptor mRNA resulted in increased GABA-induced currents and increased expression of mucin."	1.37	Prenatal nicotine exposure increases GABA signaling and mucin expression in airway epithelium. ( Fu, XW; Spindel, ER; Wood, K, 2011)
"Isoflurane anesthesia was physiologically well tolerated by the dams."	1.37	Rats exposed to isoflurane in utero during early gestation are behaviorally abnormal as adults. ( Baxter, MG; Crosby, G; Culley, DJ; Keel, PK; Palanisamy, A; Xie, Z, 2011)
"It is characterized by muscle spasms triggered by startle, voluntary movement, or tactile or emotional stimuli, occurring predominantly in the axial musculature."	1.37	Stiff person syndrome and pregnancy. ( Blaskiewicz, R; Goldkamp, J; Myles, T, 2011)
"Phencyclidine (PCP) is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, and it induces schizophreniform cognitive deficits in healthy humans and similar cognitive deficits in rodents."	1.37	GABAergic precursor transplantation into the prefrontal cortex prevents phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits. ( Kubo, K; Nabeshima, T; Nakajima, K; Tanaka, DH; Toriumi, K, 2011)
"Malnutrition was induced by clustering the litter size from 6-7 pups/dam (nourished control) to 12-14 pups/dam (undernourished control) following birth."	1.36	Zinc and glutamine improve brain development in suckling mice subjected to early postnatal malnutrition. ( Castro, IC; Costa, SB; Coutinho, BP; de Andrade, GM; de Castro-Costa, CM; Feitosa, GA; Guerrant, RL; Ladd, AA; Ladd, FV; Lima, AA; Magalhães, CE; Oliveira, BB; Oriá, RB; Ribeiro, AA, 2010)
" The most commonly used dosage was 450 mg/d."	1.36	[Lyrica (pregabalin) in the treatment of focal refractory epilepsy in adults]. ( Andreeva, OV; Iakunina, AV; Kalinin, VA; Vlasov, PN, 2010)
"In human patients, cortical dysplasia produced by Doublecortin (DCX) mutations lead to mental retardation and intractable infantile epilepsies, but the underlying mechanisms are not known."	1.35	Abnormal network activity in a targeted genetic model of human double cortex. ( Ackman, JB; Aniksztejn, L; Becq, H; Ben-Ari, Y; Cardoso, C; Crépel, V; Pellegrino, C; Represa, A, 2009)
"While seizures may affect adversely maternal and fetal outcome, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may increase the incidence of congenital abnormalities and possibly affect postnatal cognitive development in the offspring."	1.34	Fetal exposure to GABA-acting antiepileptic drugs generates hippocampal and cortical dysplasias. ( Ben-Ari, Y; Depaulis, A; Jorquera, I; Manent, JB; Mazzucchelli, I; Perucca, E; Represa, A, 2007)
" In addition the optimal time frame for cell grafting after ischemia and the optimal dosing of grafted cells were also studied."	1.34	Functional recovery in rats with ischemic paraplegia after spinal grafting of human spinal stem cells. ( Cizkova, D; Hazel, T; Hefferan, MP; Johe, K; Kakinohana, O; Kucharova, K; Marsala, M; Marsala, S, 2007)
"Transient spinal cord ischemia in humans can lead to the development of permanent paraplegia with prominent spasticity and rigidity."	1.34	Functional recovery in rats with ischemic paraplegia after spinal grafting of human spinal stem cells. ( Cizkova, D; Hazel, T; Hefferan, MP; Johe, K; Kakinohana, O; Kucharova, K; Marsala, M; Marsala, S, 2007)
"Spinal cord ischemia was induced for 10 min using aortic occlusion and systemic hypotension."	1.34	Functional recovery in rats with ischemic paraplegia after spinal grafting of human spinal stem cells. ( Cizkova, D; Hazel, T; Hefferan, MP; Johe, K; Kakinohana, O; Kucharova, K; Marsala, M; Marsala, S, 2007)
"Creatine is a substrate of cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinases."	1.34	Creatine treatment promotes differentiation of GABA-ergic neuronal precursors in cultured fetal rat spinal cord. ( Andres, RH; Ducray, AD; Qualls, R; Schläppi, JA; Schlattner, U; Seiler, RW; Wallimann, T; Widmer, HR, 2007)
"Gabapentin appeared to be a safe, effective, and economical treatment for neuropathic pain in this horse."	1.34	Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse. ( Davis, JL; Elce, Y; Posner, LP, 2007)
" Treatment was continued for 6 days, during which the dosage was progressively decreased, and the mare was discharged."	1.34	Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse. ( Davis, JL; Elce, Y; Posner, LP, 2007)
"Following recovery from colic surgery to treat compression of the small and large intestines because of a large fetus, the mare was noticed to have signs of femoral neuropathy involving the left hind limb."	1.34	Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse. ( Davis, JL; Elce, Y; Posner, LP, 2007)
"The metyrapone treatment produced no changes in GAD activity at PN23, but induced an important increase in this activity at PN90."	1.34	Role of maternal corticosterone in the development and maturation of the aminoacidergic systems of the rat brain. ( Garcia-Montojo, M; González, JC; Lecumberri, M; Leret, ML, 2007)
"Biotin-unresponsive pyruvate carboxylase deficiency type B was diagnosed."	1.33	Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: clinical and biochemical response to anaplerotic diet therapy. ( Brunengraber, H; DeLonlay, P; Kinman, RP; Mochel, F; Rabier, D; Roe, CR; Saudubray, JM; Touati, G, 2005)
"Thymol is a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene known for its anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties."	1.33	Allosteric positive interaction of thymol with the GABAA receptor in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons. ( Bujons, J; García, DA; Suñol, C; Vale, C, 2006)
" GBP plasma concentrations in the neonates declined with an estimated half-life of 14 h."	1.33	Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy? ( Ohman, I; Tomson, T; Vitols, S, 2005)
" Toxic potencies for MZ and MB were similar and no difference in sensitivity between the DA and GABA populations was observed with the fungicides."	1.33	Acute neurotoxic effects of mancozeb and maneb in mesencephalic neuronal cultures are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. ( Bernard, LP; Cooper, KR; Domico, LM; Zeevalk, GD, 2006)
"Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, but widely distributed in different peripheral organs."	1.33	Possible expression of a particular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter isoform responsive to upregulation by hyperosmolarity in rat calvarial osteoblasts. ( Fujimori, S; Hinoi, E; Iemata, M; Takahata, Y; Takarada, T; Yoneda, Y, 2006)
"Perinatal asphyxia was induced in time-pregnant Wistar rats on the day of delivery by placing the uterus horns, containing the pups, in a 37 degrees C water bath for 20 min."	1.32	Impact of perinatal asphyxia on the GABAergic and locomotor system. ( Blanco, CE; Blokland, A; de Louw, AJ; Faull, RL; Kwaijtaal, M; Lissone, NP; Schmitz, C; Steinbusch, HW; Van de Berg, WD, 2003)
"Very low birth weight (VLBW) and fetal growth restriction are associated with increased risks of long-term visual impairments, including alterations to contrast sensitivity, a parameter mediated in part by dopaminergic amacrine cells."	1.32	Chronic placental insufficiency affects retinal development in the guinea pig. ( Briscoe, T; Caddy, J; Dieni, S; Lambert, G; Loeliger, M; Rees, S; Rehn, A, 2004)
"Halothane and propofol enhance the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, which is one of the most important systems in the mechanism of anesthesia."	1.32	Halothane and propofol modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor single-channel currents. ( Kitamura, A; Marszalec, W; Narahashi, T; Ogawa, R; Sato, R; Yeh, JZ, 2004)
" BDNF action was mediated by TrkB-receptors and had no effects on: (i) the amplitude and dose-response of GABA-evoked IPSCs and (ii) the number of GABA(A) receptor clusters and the total functioning synapses, suggesting that the neurotrophin unlikely acted postsynaptically."	1.31	BDNF up-regulates evoked GABAergic transmission in developing hippocampus by potentiating presynaptic N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels signalling. ( Baldelli, P; Carabelli, V; Carbone, E; Hernández-Guijo, JM; Novara, M, 2002)
" The toxic effect of gamma-vinyl-GABA was mimicked by a 24-h treatment with GABA (100 microM) and the GABA(A) receptor agonist, muscimol (10 microM), but not the GABA(B) receptor agonist, baclofen (10 microM)."	1.31	GABA(A)-mediated toxicity of hippocampal neurons in vitro. ( Lukasiuk, K; Pitkänen, A, 2000)
"Bicuculline was used to investigate seizure susceptibility in pre- and peripubertal male and female rats exposed prenatally to morphine."	1.31	Prenatal morphine exposure alters susceptibility to bicuculline seizures in a sex- and age-specific manner. ( Schindler, CJ; Slamberová, R; Vathy, I; Velísková, J, 2000)
"Heptachlor is a cyclodiene pesticide that was widely used for many years, and for which inadvertent exposure to children and fetuses took place in the early 1980s; yet little is known regarding the developmental neurotoxicity of it and other cyclodienes."	1.31	Neurotoxicological outcomes of perinatal heptachlor exposure in the rat. ( Chapin, RE; Harris, MW; Meacham, CA; Moser, VC; Shafer, TJ; Ward, TR, 2001)
" Pregnant Sprague-Dawley dams were dosed from gestational day (GD) 12 to postnatal day (PND) 7, whereupon the rat pups were dosed directly until PND 21 (group A) or PND 42 (group B)."	1.31	Neurotoxicological outcomes of perinatal heptachlor exposure in the rat. ( Chapin, RE; Harris, MW; Meacham, CA; Moser, VC; Shafer, TJ; Ward, TR, 2001)
"The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system plays an important role in the early development of the hippocampal formation."	1.31	Development of GABAergic neurons and their transporter in human temporal cortex. ( Hachiya, Y; Takashima, S, 2001)
" In the present study, the effects of maternal cocaine dosage and of cocaine-elicited maternal seizures on the progeny were studied."	1.30	Cocaine administration in pregnant rabbits alters cortical structure and function in their progeny in the absence of maternal seizures. ( Fischer, I; Friedman, E; Grayson, D; Jones, L; Levitt, P; Murphy, EH; O'Brien-Jenkins, A; Wang, HY; Wang, XH, 1997)
"The incidence of maternal generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCSs) elicited by cocaine was recorded."	1.30	Cocaine administration in pregnant rabbits alters cortical structure and function in their progeny in the absence of maternal seizures. ( Fischer, I; Friedman, E; Grayson, D; Jones, L; Levitt, P; Murphy, EH; O'Brien-Jenkins, A; Wang, HY; Wang, XH, 1997)
"Animal models of fetal alcohol syndrome have been developed and used to examine the consequences of prenatal ethanol exposure on the central nervous system."	1.30	Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons in the adult rat medial septum. ( Heaton, MB; Moore, DB; Ruygrok, AC; Walker, DW, 1997)
"Vigabatrin is a new antiepileptic medication consisting of a racemic mixture of 50% active S enantiomer and 50% inactive R enantiomer."	1.30	Vigabatrin: placental transfer in vivo and excretion into breast milk of the enantiomers. ( Mai, J; Mumford, JP; O'Mahoney, T; Olive, G; Rey, E; Tran, A, 1998)
"0 mg/kg dosage of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP."	1.30	Prenatal stress reduces the effectiveness of the neurosteroid 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP to block kainic-acid-induced seizures. ( Bayon, LE; Frye, CA, 1999)
"One week after seizures, there were no differences in the water maze performance of the remaining animals."	1.30	Prenatal stress reduces the effectiveness of the neurosteroid 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP to block kainic-acid-induced seizures. ( Bayon, LE; Frye, CA, 1999)
"Domoic acid (0."	1.29	Hippocampal changes in developing postnatal mice following intrauterine exposure to domoic acid. ( Dakshinamurti, K; Sharma, SK; Sundaram, M; Watanabe, T, 1993)
"No clinical seizure activity was observed during this period."	1.29	Hippocampal changes in developing postnatal mice following intrauterine exposure to domoic acid. ( Dakshinamurti, K; Sharma, SK; Sundaram, M; Watanabe, T, 1993)
" These two current components have different dose-response characteristics for GABA, with the nondesensitizing component being activated more effectively and reaching its peak amplitude at lower agonist concentrations than the desensitizing one."	1.29	GABA responses and their partial occlusion by glycine in cultured rat medullary neurons. ( Faber, DS; Lewis, CA, 1993)
"We report the appearance of multifocal myoclonus in two adult patients treated with vigabatrin as an add-on drug for complex partial seizures."	1.29	Vigabatrin and multifocal myoclonus in adults with partial seizures. ( Neufeld, MY; Vishnevska, S, 1995)
"The effect of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on striatal energy metabolites and amino acid concentrations was studied in the fetuses of eight nulliparous rat dams after uterine artery ligation on day 18 of gestation."	1.28	Cerebral amino acids and energy metabolites in the growth retarded rat fetus under normoxia and hypoxia. ( Andiné, P; Hagberg, H; Lehmann, A; Thordstein, M, 1992)
"The muscimol treatment, however, did not mimic the effects of perinatal estrogen treatment."	1.28	GABAergic influence on the development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of male and female rats. ( Bach, F; Flügge, G; Wuttke, W, 1992)
"gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts as an inhibitory transmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system, often by interacting with the GABAA type of receptor."	1.28	Activation and inactivation of the GABAA receptor: insights from comparison of native and recombinant subunit assemblies. ( Mathers, DA, 1991)
"Argininic acid was the most potent in reducing inhibitory amino acid responses, followed in decreasing potency by alpha-keto-delta-guanidinovaleric acid, homoarginine and arginine."	1.28	Guanidino compounds that are increased in hyperargininemia inhibit GABA and glycine responses on mouse neurons in cell culture. ( De Deyn, PP; Macdonald, RL; Marescau, B, 1991)
" One hundred to 300 microM was toxic for all cell types, and concentrations above 300 microM resulted in fixation."	1.28	Toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine and dopamine for dopaminergic neurons in culture. ( Hefti, F; Michel, PP, 1990)
" Immature cortical neurons are insensitive to the toxic effects of glutamate receptor stimulation."	1.28	Glutamate toxicity in immature cortical neurons precedes development of glutamate receptor currents. ( Baraban, JM; Murphy, TH, 1990)
"Phencyclidine (PCP), which was without effect on QA- and KA-evoked GABA release, inhibited the Glu response by about 50%."	1.28	Complex interaction between quisqualate and kainate receptors as revealed by measurement of GABA release from striatal neurons in primary culture. ( Bockaert, J; Pin, JP; Van Vliet, BJ, 1989)
"Diazepam (400 mg/kg) was administered to AJ mice at day 13."	1.27	Involvement of GABA in palate morphogenesis and its relation to diazepam teratogenesis in two mouse strains. ( Wee, EL; Zimmerman, EF, 1983)
"Valproic acid (VPA) has been postulated to exert its anticonvulsant effects by interaction with the postsynaptic GABA receptor."	1.27	Effects of valproic acid in cultured mammalian neurons. ( Buchhalter, JR; Dichter, MA, 1986)
"Phenobarbital (PB) was administered to pregnant mice during days 9-21 of gestation."	1.27	Effects of prenatal phenobarbital on benzodiazepine receptor development. ( Garrett, KM; Tabakoff, B, 1986)
" The dose-response relationships of excitatory amino acids demonstrated the following rank order of potency: glutamate greater than aspartate = N-methyl-D-aspartate greater than kainate much greater than quisqualate."	1.27	Excitatory amino acid-evoked release of gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid from striatal neurons in primary culture. ( Weiss, S, 1988)
"[3H]muscimol was used for the labeling of GABA receptors and [3H]flunitrazepam for benzodiazepine receptors."	1.26	Ontogeny of high-affinity GABA and benzodiazepine receptors in the rat cerebellum: an autoradiographic study. ( Kuhar, MJ; Palacios, JM, 1981)
"Electroconvulsive seizures administered during the period of fetal benzodiazepine (BZ) binding site proliferation (days 16, 18 and 20 in gestation) significantly decreased the density of cerebral cortical benzodiazepine binding sites in exposed pups up to 21 days postnatal age."	1.26	Prenatal exposure to electroconvulsive seizures and phenytoin: development of benzodiazepine binding sites, reflex behaviors and seizure thresholds in exposed offspring. ( Gallager, DW; Wakeman, EA, 1982)
"Taurine was present in large amounts in early fetal life and decreased slowly during neonatal life, arriving at amounts found in the mother not until after 150 days of age."	1.26	Sulfur amino acid metabolism in the developing rhesus monkey brain: subcellular studies of taurine, cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamic acid decarboxylase. ( Gaull, GE; Rassin, DK; Sturman, JA, 1981)

Research

Studies (736)

Authors

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Narcotic Utilization

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	120 (16.30)	18.7374
1990's	164 (22.28)	18.2507
2000's	228 (30.98)	29.6817
2010's	179 (24.32)	24.3611
2020's	45 (6.11)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Gunduz-Bruce, H	1
Takahashi, K	1
Huang, MY	1
Tian, XY	1
Xing, JW	1
Zheng, QQ	1
Gao, PF	1
Santrač, A	1
Bijelić, D	1
Stevanović, V	1
Banićević, M	1
Aranđelović, J	1
Batinić, B	1
Sharmin, D	1
Cook, JM	1
Savić, MM	1
Barbier, M	1
Croizier, S	1
Alvarez-Bolado, G	1
Risold, PY	1
Ma, SY	1
Kwan, KM	1
Silva, MSB	1
Campbell, RE	1
Yang, D	1
Zhu, J	2
Zhou, X	1
Pan, D	1
Nan, S	1
Yin, R	1
Lei, Q	1
Ma, N	1
Zhu, H	2
Chen, J	3
Han, L	1
Ding, M	1
Ding, Y	2
Lu, M	1
He, X	4
Jiao, Z	3
Hu, Z	1
Guo, Z	2
Dai, S	1
Wang, H	9
Xu, D	5
Jin, XL	1
Song, BH	1
Zhao, XD	1
Huang, GB	1
Biosca-Brull, J	2
Guardia-Escote, L	3
Blanco, J	2
Basaure, P	2
Cabré, M	2
Sánchez-Santed, F	3
Domingo, JL	2
Colomina, MT	3
Haratizadeh, S	1
Ranjbar, M	1
Darvishzadeh-Mahani, F	1
Basiri, M	1
Nozari, M	1
Pérez-Fernández, C	2
Basu, SK	1
Pradhan, S	1
Sharker, YM	1
Kapse, KJ	1
Murnick, J	1
Chang, T	1
Lopez, CA	1
Andescavage, N	1
duPlessis, AJ	1
Limperopoulos, C	1
Zohny, SM	1
Habib, MZ	1
Mohamad, MI	1
Elayat, WM	1
Elhossiny, RM	1
El-Salam, MFA	1
Hassan, GAM	1
Aboul-Fotouh, S	1
Ghenaatgar-Kasbi, M	1
Rezaei, M	1
Moharreri, P	1
Heidarian Miri, H	1
Sazegar, G	1
Haghir, H	1
Tsuboi, M	1
Nakamura, Y	1
Sakuma, H	1
Deriha, K	1
Hashimoto, E	1
Ukai, W	1
Marchisella, F	1
Nishimura, E	1
Hashiguchi, H	1
Tayama, M	1
Ishii, T	1
Riva, MA	3
Kawanishi, C	1
Yakovlev, AV	1
Kurmashova, E	1
Gataulina, E	1
Gerasimova, E	1
Khalilov, I	4
Sitdikova, GF	1
Wang, X	4
Zhao, Z	1
Guo, J	1
Mei, D	1
Duan, Y	1
Zhang, Y	8
Gou, L	1
Patterson, R	1
Balan, I	1
Morrow, AL	2
Meltzer-Brody, S	1
Hours, CM	1
Gil, S	1
Gressens, P	2
Skorput, AG	1
Lee, SM	1
Yeh, PW	2
Yeh, HH	2
Morales-Navas, M	1
Garrido-Cárdenas, JA	1
Giménez, E	1
Zavadenko, NN	1
Guzeva, VI	1
Gaynetdinova, DD	1
Davydova, LA	1
Zavadenko, AN	1
Romanova, TA	1
Fu, Y	1
Lei, F	1
Wang, J	1
Wang, W	1
Zheng, Y	1
Tian, N	1
Liang, H	1
Luo, W	1
Cao, K	1
Zhang, Q	2
Tan, Y	1
Tan, D	1
Muzyko, EA	1
Tkacheva, GA	1
Perfilova, VN	7
Matvienko, LS	1
Naumenko, LV	1
Vasil'eva, OS	3
Tyurenkov, IN	5
Winters, ND	1
Patel, S	1
Gifford, JJ	1
Norton, SA	1
Kusnecov, AW	1
Wagner, GC	1
Lenart, J	1
Augustyniak, J	1
Lazarewicz, JW	1
Zieminska, E	1
Lu, J	5
Li, Q	3
Ma, G	1
Hong, C	1
Zhang, W	1
Wang, Y	2
Liao, Y	1
Li, C	1
Zhang, G	1
Xia, F	2
Xu, S	1
Shen, X	1
Solmaz, V	1
Tekatas, A	1
Erdoğan, MA	1
Erbaş, O	1
Mshaty, A	1
Haijima, A	1
Takatsuru, Y	1
Ninomiya, A	1
Yajima, H	1
Kokubo, M	1
Khairinisa, MA	1
Miyazaki, W	1
Amano, I	1
Koibuchi, N	1
Shang, Y	1
Chen, R	1
Li, F	1
Zhang, H	1
Zhang, T	1
Kim, YB	2
Jung, WW	1
Lee, SW	2
Jin, X	1
Kang, HK	1
Hong, EH	1
Min, SS	1
Kim, YS	2
Han, HC	2
Colwell, CS	2
Kim, YI	1
Pozzi, D	1
Rasile, M	1
Corradini, I	1
Matteoli, M	1
Marguet, F	1
Friocourt, G	3
Brosolo, M	1
Sauvestre, F	1
Marcorelles, P	2
Lesueur, C	1
Marret, S	3
Gonzalez, BJ	2
Laquerrière, A	2
Yang, JQ	1
Yang, CH	1
Yin, BQ	1
Russell, JT	1
Lauren Ruoss, J	1
de la Cruz, D	1
Li, N	1
Bazacliu, C	1
Patton, L	1
McKinley, KL	1
Garrett, TJ	1
Polin, RA	1
Triplett, EW	1
Neu, J	1
Singha, SP	1
Memon, S	1
Kazi, SAF	1
Nizamani, GS	1
Rezazadeh, H	1
Sharifi, MR	1
Sharifi, M	1
Soltani, N	1
Kim, JY	1
Paredes, MF	2
Chan, JCY	1
Waddell, TK	1
Yasufuku, K	1
Keshavjee, S	1
Donahoe, LL	1
Levenbrown, Y	1
Hossain, MJ	1
Keith, JP	1
Burr, K	1
Hesek, A	1
Shaffer, TH	1
Yao, LL	1
Cao, JR	1
Lyu, CJ	1
Fan, FF	1
Wang, HP	1
Cao, HW	1
Huang, J	1
Mei, LH	1
He, P	1
Li, Y	5
Zhang, R	1
Ren, M	1
Liu, H	1
Yang, M	1
Liu, X	2
Wang, Z	1
Xu, C	1
Guan, J	1
Wei, B	1
Liu, Y	1
Swinkels, BM	1
Ten Berg, JM	1
Kelder, JC	1
Vermeulen, FE	1
van Boven, WJ	1
de Mol, BA	1
Huang, K	1
Yang, X	1
Ma, Y	1
Sun, G	1
Nitin, N	1
Wickramasinghe, A	1
Xiao, Y	1
Kobayashi, N	1
Wang, S	2
Scherpelz, KP	1
Yamazaki, T	1
Meredith, SC	1
Ishii, Y	2
Phoonsawat, K	1
Khachornsakkul, K	1
Ratnarathorn, N	1
Henry, CS	1
Dungchai, W	1
Zareena, B	1
Khadim, A	1
Jeelani, SUY	1
Hussain, S	1
Ali, A	1
Musharraf, SG	1
Zhuo, X	1
Jiang, W	1
Qian, G	1
Yu, T	1
Luo, L	1
Lu, L	1
Chen, Y	2
Yin, S	1
Hong, NJ	1
Gonzalez-Vicente, A	1
Saez, F	1
Garvin, JL	1
Hede, KTC	1
Christensen, BB	1
Olesen, ML	1
Thomsen, JS	1
Foldager, CB	1
Toh, WS	1
Lim, SK	1
Lind, MC	1
Woods, LM	1
Connelly, CD	1
Doğan, MF	1
Başak Türkmen, N	1
Taşlıdere, A	1
Şahin, Y	1
Çiftçi, O	1
Sharma, AR	1
Batra, G	1
Saini, L	1
Sharma, S	1
Mishra, A	1
Singla, R	1
Singh, A	1
Singh, RS	1
Jain, A	1
Bansal, S	1
Modi, M	1
Medhi, B	1
Oketch-Rabah, HA	1
Madden, EF	1
Roe, AL	1
Betz, JM	1
Adamu, HA	1
Imam, MU	1
Der-Jiun, O	1
Ismail, M	1
Khezri, MB	1
Nasseh, N	1
Soltanian, G	1
Fujáková-Lipski, M	1
Kaping, D	1
Šírová, J	1
Horáček, J	1
Páleníček, T	1
Zach, P	1
Klaschka, J	1
Kačer, P	1
Syslová, K	1
Vrajová, M	1
Bubenikova-Valešová, V	1
Beste, C	1
Šlamberová, R	4
Dong, W	1
Zhang, C	3
Yu, Y	2
Zhang, Z	1
Fazeli, W	1
Zappettini, S	1
Marguet, SL	1
Grendel, J	1
Esclapez, M	1
Bernard, C	1
Isbrandt, D	1
Zhou, Y	2
Peng, L	1
Zhao, Y	3
Holmberg, E	1
Sjöstedt, J	1
Malinina, E	1
Johansson, M	1
Turkmen, S	2
Ragagnin, G	1
Lundqvist, A	1
Löfgren, M	1
Jaukkuri, L	1
Bixo, M	1
Bäckström, T	2
Yin, Y	1
Han, S	1
Zhang, N	1
Chen, H	1
Chalermkitpanit, P	1
Thonnagith, A	1
Engsusophon, P	1
Charuluxananan, S	1
Honsawek, S	1
Coimbra, B	1
Soares-Cunha, C	1
Borges, S	1
Vasconcelos, NA	1
Sousa, N	1
Rodrigues, AJ	1
Jacobsen, JHW	1
Buisman-Pijlman, FT	1
Mustafa, S	1
Rice, KC	1
Hutchinson, MR	1
Shaw, JC	1
Palliser, HK	1
Dyson, RM	1
Berry, MJ	1
Hirst, JJ	3
Li, S	1
Kumar T, P	1
Joshee, S	1
Kirschstein, T	1
Subburaju, S	1
Khalili, JS	1
Kloepper, J	1
Du, C	1
Elkhal, A	1
Szabó, G	3
Jain, RK	1
Köhling, R	1
Vasudevan, A	1
Hu, D	1
Cheng, S	1
Ordyan, NE	1
Akulova, VK	1
Mironova, VI	1
Otellin, VA	1
Watanabe, Y	1
Abe, H	3
Nakajima, K	4
Ideta-Otsuka, M	1
Igarashi, K	1
Woo, GH	2
Yoshida, T	4
Shibutani, M	6
Wollman, LB	1
Levine, RB	1
Fregosi, RF	2
Cunha-Rodrigues, MC	1
Balduci, CTDN	1
Tenório, F	1
Barradas, PC	1
Curie, A	1
des Portes, V	1
Roy, A	1
Nazir, T	1
Brun, A	1
Cheylus, A	1
Retzepi, K	1
Maleki, N	1
Bussy, G	1
Paulignan, Y	1
Reboul, A	1
Ibarrola, D	1
Kong, J	1
Hadjikhani, N	1
Gollub, RL	1
Newell, AJ	1
Lalitsasivimol, D	1
Willing, J	1
Gonzales, K	1
Waters, EM	1
Milner, TA	1
McEwen, BS	1
Wagner, CK	1
Masubuchi, Y	1
Ito, Y	1
Inohana, M	1
Takino, M	1
Saegusa, Y	2
Sugita-Konishi, Y	1
Varman, DR	1
Soria-Ortíz, MB	1
Martínez-Torres, A	1
Reyes-Haro, D	1
Fernandez, A	1
Dumon, C	2
Guimond, D	1
Tyzio, R	4
Bonifazi, P	1
Lozovaya, N	2
Burnashev, N	3
Ferrari, DC	3
Ben-Ari, Y	8
Pedroso, AP	1
Dornellas, APS	1
de Souza, AP	1
Pagotto, JF	1
Oyama, LM	1
Nascimento, CMO	1
Klawitter, J	1
Christians, U	1
Tashima, AK	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Antibiotic Effects on the Developing Microbiome, Metabolome and Morbidities in Preterm Neonates[NCT02784821]	Phase 2	186 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-16	Completed
Open Label Study for the Use of Transcranial Ultrasound Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder[NCT04497363]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-01	Enrolling by invitation
"Determining the Effect of an Alternate Recovery Protocol Versus Current Standard of Care After Cesarean Section"[NCT03330119]	Phase 3	1,494 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-04	Terminated (stopped due to Lack of Funding/ Resident in charge graduated)
Comparison of Gabapentin and Metoclopramide for Treating Hyperemesis Gravidarum[NCT02163434]	Phase 2	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Gabapentin Regimens and Their Effects on Opioid Consumption[NCT03334903]	Phase 4	77 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-15	Completed
Safety & Efficacy of Investigational Products: Ornithine Alpha-ketoglutarate, Glutamine, or Disodium Citrate on Hyperammonemia in Propionic Acidemia.[NCT00645879]	Phase 1	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
Triheptanoin's Effect on Fatty Acid Oxidation and Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Debrancher Deficiency, Glycogenin-1 Deficiency and Phosphofructoinase Deficiency at Rest and During Exercise. A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over [NCT03642860]	Phase 2	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-15	Terminated (stopped due to Problems with recruitment)
Diode Laser as a Biomarker for Neuropathic Pain of Peripheral Origin.[NCT06030297]		301 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-01	Recruiting
Imaging Framework for Testing GABAergic/Glutamatergic Drugs in Bipolar Alcoholics[NCT03220776]	Phase 2	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-07	Completed
Gabapentin for Pain Control After Osmotic Dilator Insertion and Prior to D&E Procedure: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03080493]	Phase 4	121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-20	Completed
Gabapentin as a Pre-emptive Analgesic in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Procedures[NCT02957097]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to Original PI left institution and the PI who took over was not able to initiate the study so it was never started.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"total narcotic utilization measured with Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME)~The conversion scale being used will be the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Morphine Equivalent Score.~Lower scores represent less opioid use and a better outcome. Higher scores represent more opioid use and a worse outcome." (NCT03330119)
Timeframe: From time of consent until hospital discharge (3 days)

Baseline Adjusted Mean Daily Motherisk-PUQE Total Scores (Pregnancy-unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea Scale) for Days 5-7

Intervention	MME (Mean)
Alternate Management	33.3
Control	47.2

Score range: 6-30 with higher score indicating a worse outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Baseline Adjusted Mean Daily Nausea Scores From the Motherisk-PUQE for Days 5-7.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	6.35
Metoclopramide	13.22

Score range: 2-10 with higher score indicating a worse outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Baseline Adjusted Mean Daily Oral Nutrition Score for Days 5-7

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	2.01
Metoclopramide	3.69

Score range: 0-15 with higher score indicating a better outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Desire to Continue Therapy at Study Endpoint

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	7.86
Metoclopramide	4.01

Scores: 0=no, 1=yes. Thus, a higher score indicates a better outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Global Satisfaction of Treatment at the Study Endpoint.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	0.67
Metoclopramide	0.14

Score range: 0-4 with higher score indicating a better outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Percent of Subjects Requiring Repeat iv Hydration or Hospital Admission for HG From the Outpatient Setting.

"VAS Score 1: How Much Pain do You Feel in Your Operative Site When Resting?"

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	2.22
Metoclopramide	0.63

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Gabapentin	5
Metoclopramide	5

Surgical site pain. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months after surgery (at 2nd postoperative appointment)

"VAS Score 2: How Much Pain do You Feel in Your Operative Site When Moving?"

Intervention	score on 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	2.26
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	2.46

Surgical site pain. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

"VAS Score 3: How Well Are You Sleeping?"

Intervention	score on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	3.84
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	3.54

Sleep quality. Scale 0-10 with 0 worst and 10 best. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

"VAS Score 4: How Bad is Your Nausea?"

Intervention	score on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	5.73
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	6.38

Nausea. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

"VAS Score 5: How Satisfied Are You With Your Pain Management?"

Intervention	score on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	0.36
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	0.17

Satisfaction. Scale 0-10 with 0 worst and 10 best. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Days Taking Opioids

Intervention	score on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	7.83
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	8.48

Number of days until patients are finished consuming opioid medications after discharge. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Opioid Consumption

Intervention	days (Mean)
Standard of Care	14.8
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	18.7

Mean opioid consumption, measured in mg of morphine equivalents. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (total amount measured at second postoperative appointment; means assessed afterwards).

Prefrontal GABA+ Concentrations

Intervention	morphine equivalents (Mean)
Standard of Care	287.0
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	281.1

Concentrations of GABA+, referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (i.e., MEGA-PRESS). (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition

Prefrontal Glx Concentrations

Intervention	mmol/kg (Mean)
N-Acetylcysteine	3.90
Gabapentin	3.93
Placebo Oral Tablet	3.73

Concentrations of Glx (i.e., glutamate + glutamine), referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at 2 Hours After Dilator Insertion

Intervention	mmol/kg (Mean)
N-Acetylcysteine	21.59
Gabapentin	21.69
Placebo Oral Tablet	22.25

Pain score based on numeric rating scale (NRS [0 lowest value to 10 highest value, in which 0 is the lowest amount of pain and 10 is the highest amount of pain]); Baseline obtained prior to study drug ingestion/dilator insertion. NRS pain score obtained via text message. (NCT03080493)
Timeframe: 2 hours after insertion of last osmotic dilator

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at 4 Hours After Dilator Insertion

Intervention	Numeric rating scale pain score change (Median)
Gabapentin	3.5
Placebo Oral Capsule	4

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at 5 Minutes After Last Dilator Insertion

Intervention	Numeric rating scale pain score change (Mean)
Gabapentin	3
Placebo Oral Capsule	3.5

Pain score based on numeric rating scale (NRS [0 lowest value to 10 highest value, in which 0 is the lowest amount of pain and 10 is the highest amount of pain]); Baseline obtained prior to study drug ingestion/dilator insertion. NRS pain score obtained in person before subject leaves clinic appointment. (NCT03080493)
Timeframe: 5 minutes after insertion of last osmotic dilator

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at 8 Hours After Dilator Insertion

Intervention	Numeric rating scale pain score change (Median)
Gabapentin	1
Placebo Oral Capsule	2

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at Time of Presentation for D&E Procedure (Day Following Dilator Insertion)

Intervention	Numeric rating scale pain score change (Median)
Gabapentin	2
Placebo Oral Capsule	2.5

Pain score based on numeric rating scale (NRS [0 lowest value to 10 highest value, in which 0 is the lowest amount of pain and 10 is the highest amount of pain]); Baseline obtained prior to study drug ingestion/dilator insertion. NRS pain score obtained in person upon presentation for D&E procedure. (NCT03080493)
Timeframe: Time of presentation for D&E (day after dilator insertion)

Number of Participants Using Narcotic Pain Medication (Acetaminophen/Codeine)

Intervention	Numeric rating scale pain score change (Median)
Gabapentin	0.5
Placebo Oral Capsule	1

Subject account of how many used acetaminophen/codeine (standard medications given for supplement NSAID as needed after dilator insertion) (NCT03080493)
Timeframe: Collected between each subject contact (2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours after dilator insertion and at time of presentation for D&E procedure)

Article	Year
Development of neuroactive steroids for the treatment of postpartum depression. Journal of neuroendocrinology, 2022, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans;	2022
The distribution of Dlx1-2 and glutamic acid decarboxylase in the embryonic and adult hypothalamus reveals three differentiated LHA subdivisions in rodents. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 2022, Volume: 121 Topics: Animals; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Humans; Hypothalamus; Pregnancy;	2022
Neonatal outcomes after gamma-aminobutyric acid analog use during pregnancy: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 78, Issue:11 Topics: Cohort Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnan	2022
Novel neurosteroid therapeutics for post-partum depression: perspectives on clinical trials, program development, active research, and future directions. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2024, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Neurost	2024
Environmental regulation of the chloride transporter KCC2: switching inflammation off to switch the GABA on? Translational psychiatry, 2020, 10-15, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Chlorides; Developmental Disabilities; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Inflammation; Matern	2020
Implications of Extended Inhibitory Neuron Development. International journal of molecular sciences, 2021, May-12, Volume: 22, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gestational Age; Interneurons; Pregnancy	2021
Valproic Acid and Propionic Acid Modulated Mechanical Pathways Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, 2022, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Food Preservati	2022
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Safety Review of Nutrients, 2021, Aug-10, Volume: 13, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Dietary Supplements; Dogs; Female; Fermentation; g	2021
Allopregnanolone involvement in feeding regulation, overeating and obesity. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 2018, Volume: 48 Topics: Animals; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hyperphagia; Obesity; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; P	2018
Neuroinflammation as a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2019, Volume: 182 Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System; Child; C	2019
Chronic pain after childbirth. International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Pain; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Cesarea	2013
Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology and modern management. Postgraduate medical journal, 2013, Volume: 89, Issue:1053 Topics: Amines; Anemia; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diagnosis, Differential; Dopamine Agon	2013
Focus on: neurotransmitter systems. Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2011, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; gamma-Aminobut	2011
Systematic review of gamma-aminobutyric-acid inhibitory deficits across the reproductive life cycle. Archives of women's mental health, 2014, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Menopause; Menstrual Cycle; Neu	2014
Divergent neuroactive steroid responses to stress and ethanol in rat and mouse strains: relevance for human studies. Psychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 231, Issue:17 Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Ac	2014
New treatment options for the management of restless leg syndrome. The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 2014, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbamates; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic;	2014
Emotion and mood adaptations in the peripartum female:complementary contributions of GABA and oxytocin. Journal of neuroendocrinology, 2014, Volume: 26, Issue:10 Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Affect; Animals; Anxiety; Depression; Emotions; Female; gamma-Aminobutyri	2014
Potential maternal symptomatic benefit of gabapentin and review of its safety in pregnancy. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2014, Volume: 181 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Birth Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female	2014
Restless legs syndrome-current therapies and management of augmentation. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2015, Volume: 11, Issue:8 Topics: Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dopamine Agonists; Drug Sy	2015
[Preconceptional and perinatal challenges of pregnancy in women with epilepsy]. Orvosi hetilap, 2016, Apr-10, Volume: 157, Issue:15 Topics: Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epileps	2016
Effects of oxytocin on GABA signalling in the foetal brain during delivery. Progress in brain research, 2008, Volume: 170 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Brain; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetus; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Huma	2008
Epigenetic mediation of environmental influences in major psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia bulletin, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Alleles; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Child Abuse; Diseases in Twins; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genet	2009
Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors: form, pharmacology, and function. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2009, Oct-14, Volume: 29, Issue:41 Topics: Animals; Biophysical Phenomena; Central Nervous System; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Mal	2009
Annual Research Review: Development of the cerebral cortex: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2011, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Affective Symptoms; Animals; Autistic Disorder; Axons; Body Patterning; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cort	2011
Tolerance to allopregnanolone with focus on the GABA-A receptor. British journal of pharmacology, 2011, Volume: 162, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Drug Tolerance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Pregnanc	2011
Anti-epileptic drugs. Journal of pain and symptom management, 2011, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Automobile Driving; Drug Interactions; Epilepsy; Female; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobu	2011
[Neurological consequences after long-term sedation in the ICU]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2012, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Anesthetics, General; Animals; Cesarean Section; Conscious Sedation; Critical Care; Excitator	2012
[Pheromonal memory and synaptic plasticity]. Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme, 2004, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Suppl Topics: Animals; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Memory; Neuronal Plasticity;	2004
Effects on development. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2005, Issue:168 Topics: Animals; Brain; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Cannabinoids; Dopamine; Female; Fetus; gamma-Aminob	2005
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway and sexual differentiation of neuroendocrine functions. Endocrinology, 2006, Volume: 147, Issue:6 Suppl Topics: Animals; Dioxins; Environmental Exposure; Estradiol; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid;	2006
The interaction of neuroactive steroids and GABA in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in women. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2006, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Affect; Depression, Postpartum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Menstruation; Mental Disord	2006
Does maternal oxytocin protect the fetal brain? Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM, 2007, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Brain; Cytoprotection; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Me	2007
Cell therapy in models for temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine; Animals; Cell Transplantation; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy, Temporal	2007
[When the legs have to keep moving at night--the restless legs syndrome]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2007, May-21, Volume: 149 Suppl 2 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Child; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dopamine Ago	2007
Neuroendocrinological implications of alcoholism. Progress in biochemical pharmacology, 1981, Volume: 18 Topics: Acetylcholine; Alcoholism; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Dopamine; Endorphins; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spe	1981
Neuroendocrine control of prolactin secretion. Annual review of physiology, 1983, Volume: 45 Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Haplorhini; Hypothalamus; Lactation; Male; Pitui	1983
Genetic factors in affective illness. Journal of psychiatric research, 1984, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Blood Platelets; Cholinergic Fibers; Diseases in Twins; Female; gamma-Aminob	1984
Anterior pituitary GABA receptors in relation to prolactin secretion. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1983, Volume: 37 Topics: Animals; Diestrus; Estradiol; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Lactation; Muscimol; Picrotoxin; Pitu	1983
Psychopharmacotherapy of anxiety in the first years of life. Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression, 1981, Volume: 22, Issue:D Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Blood Glucose; Brain Chemistry; Delivery, Obstetric; Depression; Female; Fetal Bl	1981
[Sodium valproate--still a current antiepileptic agent?]. Praxis, 1994, Oct-04, Volume: 83, Issue:40 Topics: Aging; Drug Interactions; Electroencephalography; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Milk, Hum	1994
Gabapentin. Epilepsia, 1995, Volume: 36 Suppl 2 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanecarbo	1995
The new antiepileptic drugs. Archives of disease in childhood, 1996, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Pre	1996
[The importance of vitamin B 6 for development of the infant. Human medical and animal experiment studies]. Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft, 1996, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases; Dopamine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyr	1996
Olfactory recognition memory. Journal of physiology, Paris, 1996, Volume: 90, Issue:5-6 Topics: Animals; Dentate Gyrus; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Male; Memory; Model	1996
Special considerations: use of lithium in children, adolescents, and elderly populations. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 59 Suppl 6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants	1998
Membrane excitability in the neurohypophysis. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1998, Volume: 449 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric A	1998
Mood stabilizers during breastfeeding: a review. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Breast Feeding; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarbo	2000
Activity-dependent morphological synaptic plasticity in an adult neurosecretory system: magnocellular oxytocin neurons of the hypothalamus. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire, 2000, Volume: 78, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Animals; Electrophysiology; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Hypothala	2000
Effects of antimanic mood-stabilizing drugs on fetuses, neonates, and nursing infants. Southern medical journal, 2001, Volume: 94, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Adult; Amines; Antimanic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Breast Feed	2001
Maternity leads to morphological synaptic plasticity in the oxytocin system. Progress in brain research, 2001, Volume: 133 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Brain; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Mammals; Maternal Beh	2001
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Prolactin. I. Mechanisms of control, peripheral actions and modification by drugs. Hormone research, 1979, Volume: 10, Issue:2-3 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aged; Animals; Biological Clocks; Catecholamines; Child; Child, P	1979
Sodium valproate: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in epilepsy. Drugs, 1977, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior; Blood Platelets; Child; Clinical Tr	1977
Vigabatrin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in epilepsy and disorders of motor control. Drugs, 1991, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Adult; Aged; Aminocaproates; Animals; Ataxia; Child; Dyskinesia, Drug-	1991
Benzodiazepines and the developing rat: a critical review. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 1985,Spring, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Bra	1985
Dopamine: a prolactin-inhibiting hormone. Endocrine reviews, 1985,Fall, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Aging; Animals; Cyclic AMP; Dopamine; Electrophysiology; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gonadotrop	1985
Neurotransmitter regulation of anterior pituitary hormones. Pharmacological reviews, 1985, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Dopa	1985
Etiologic and preventive aspects of epilepsy in the child--bridging the gap between laboratory and clinic. Epilepsia, 1987, Volume: 28 Suppl 1 Topics: Barbiturates; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Diseases; gamm	1987

Article	Year
[Pharmacotherapy of psychomotor developmental delay in 6-12 months preterm infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (the double-blind comparative multicenter placebo-controlled study)]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2019, Volume: 119, Issue:10 Topics: Child; Child Development; Developmental Disabilities; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyri	2019
Antibiotics and the developing intestinal microbiome, metabolome and inflammatory environment in a randomized trial of preterm infants. Scientific reports, 2021, 01-21, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dysbiosis; Feces; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiom	2021
The comparative preemptive analgesic efficacy of addition of vitamin B complex to gabapentin versus gabapentin alone in women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A prospective randomized double-blind study. Medicine, 2017, Volume: 96, Issue:15 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexaneca	2017
Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. Neurology, 2013, Apr-23, Volume: 80, Issue:17 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Ga	2013
The effect of gabapentin versus intrathecal fentanyl on postoperative pain and morphine consumption in cesarean delivery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2014, Volume: 290, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Secti	2014
A Perioperative Course of Gabapentin Does Not Produce a Clinically Meaningful Improvement in Analgesia after Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology, 2015, Volume: 123, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Double-Blind Method; Femal	2015
Evaluation of pregabalin as an adjuvant to patient-controlled epidural analgesia during late termination of pregnancy. Anesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 113, Issue:5 Topics: Abortion, Eugenic; Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled;	2010
Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho	2011
Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho	2011
Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho	2011
Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho	2011
A single preoperative dose of gabapentin does not improve postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2012, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Apgar Sc	2012
Post-partum cerebral angiopathy: repetitive TCD, MRI, MRA, and EEG examinations. Neurological research, 2002, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anticonvulsants; Aspirin; Brain Ed	2002
Comparison of lidocaine and 2-chloroprocaine in paracervical block: clinical effects and drug concentrations in mother and child. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1983, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Heart; g	1983
Sodium valproate: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in epilepsy. Drugs, 1977, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior; Blood Platelets; Child; Clinical Tr	1977
Vigabatrin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in epilepsy and disorders of motor control. Drugs, 1991, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Adult; Aged; Aminocaproates; Animals; Ataxia; Child; Dyskinesia, Drug-	1991

gamma-aminobutyric acid and Pregnancy