Page last updated: 2024-10-16

gamma-aminobutyric acid and Lassitude

gamma-aminobutyric acid has been researched along with Lassitude in 24 studies

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"To assess the effect of pregabalin on polysomnographic (PSG) measures of sleep and patient-rated sleep, tiredness, and pain in fibromyalgia patients."9.16Effect of pregabalin on sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and sleep maintenance disturbance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover polysomnography study. ( Bhadra, P; Lankford, DA; Resnick, EM; Roth, T; Whalen, E, 2012)
"Patients with fibromyalgia treated with pregabalin had statistically significant and meaningful improvements in sleep, as assessed by PSG."9.16Effect of pregabalin on sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and sleep maintenance disturbance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover polysomnography study. ( Bhadra, P; Lankford, DA; Resnick, EM; Roth, T; Whalen, E, 2012)
"To determine the incidence and duration of response of clinically meaningful improvements with pregabalin across several key symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM)."9.16Long-term maintenance of response across multiple fibromyalgia symptom domains in a randomized withdrawal study of pregabalin. ( Atkinson, G; Murphy, TK; Pauer, L; Petersel, D; Zeiher, B, 2012)
"We assessed the efficacy and safety of a flexible-dose pregabalin regimen in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) under clinical practice conditions."9.13Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia: Open-label, non-comparative, flexible-dose study. ( Baron, R; Binder, A; Brasser, M; Brunnmüller, U; May, M, 2008)
"Pregabalin at 450 mg/day significantly reduced the average severity of pain in the primary analysis compared with placebo (-0."9.11Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Corbin, AE; Crofford, LJ; Dworkin, RH; LaMoreaux, LK; Martin, SA; Mease, PJ; Rowbotham, MC; Russell, IJ; Sharma, U; Young, JP, 2005)
"Pregabalin at 450 mg/day was efficacious for the treatment of FMS, reducing symptoms of pain, disturbed sleep, and fatigue compared with placebo."9.11Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Corbin, AE; Crofford, LJ; Dworkin, RH; LaMoreaux, LK; Martin, SA; Mease, PJ; Rowbotham, MC; Russell, IJ; Sharma, U; Young, JP, 2005)
"This multicenter, double-blind, 8-week, randomized clinical trial compared the effects of placebo with those of 150, 300, and 450 mg/day pregabalin on pain, sleep, fatigue, and health-related quality of life in 529 patients with FMS."9.11Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Corbin, AE; Crofford, LJ; Dworkin, RH; LaMoreaux, LK; Martin, SA; Mease, PJ; Rowbotham, MC; Russell, IJ; Sharma, U; Young, JP, 2005)
"The objective of the study was to conduct an analysis of pooled data from pregabalin fibromyalgia clinical trials to determine which fibromyalgia symptom and function domains drive patient perception of improvement."7.77Correlations between fibromyalgia symptom and function domains and patient global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin. ( Arnold, LM; Emir, B; Sadosky, A; Whalen, E; Zlateva, G, 2011)
"Data from three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin in fibromyalgia patients were pooled for this analysis."7.77Correlations between fibromyalgia symptom and function domains and patient global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin. ( Arnold, LM; Emir, B; Sadosky, A; Whalen, E; Zlateva, G, 2011)
" The most frequently used dosing regimen involved a starting dose of 150mg/d and dose escalation to 300mg/d after one week (mean: 301mg/d, administered in two doses)."6.73Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia: Open-label, non-comparative, flexible-dose study. ( Baron, R; Binder, A; Brasser, M; Brunnmüller, U; May, M, 2008)
" Overall, pregabalin was well tolerated with no new adverse events emerging that have not been reported with its use in other indications."6.44Pregabalin: its efficacy, safety and tolerability profile in fibromyalgia syndrome. ( Owen, RT, 2007)
"Pain was ranked as the most important outcome explaining variability in PGIC, followed by fatigue and sleep."5.37Correlations between fibromyalgia symptom and function domains and patient global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin. ( Arnold, LM; Emir, B; Sadosky, A; Whalen, E; Zlateva, G, 2011)
"Patients with fibromyalgia treated with pregabalin had statistically significant and meaningful improvements in sleep, as assessed by PSG."5.16Effect of pregabalin on sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and sleep maintenance disturbance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover polysomnography study. ( Bhadra, P; Lankford, DA; Resnick, EM; Roth, T; Whalen, E, 2012)
"To assess the effect of pregabalin on polysomnographic (PSG) measures of sleep and patient-rated sleep, tiredness, and pain in fibromyalgia patients."5.16Effect of pregabalin on sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and sleep maintenance disturbance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover polysomnography study. ( Bhadra, P; Lankford, DA; Resnick, EM; Roth, T; Whalen, E, 2012)
"To determine the incidence and duration of response of clinically meaningful improvements with pregabalin across several key symptoms of fibromyalgia (FM)."5.16Long-term maintenance of response across multiple fibromyalgia symptom domains in a randomized withdrawal study of pregabalin. ( Atkinson, G; Murphy, TK; Pauer, L; Petersel, D; Zeiher, B, 2012)
"We assessed the efficacy and safety of a flexible-dose pregabalin regimen in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) under clinical practice conditions."5.13Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia: Open-label, non-comparative, flexible-dose study. ( Baron, R; Binder, A; Brasser, M; Brunnmüller, U; May, M, 2008)
"Pregabalin at 450 mg/day significantly reduced the average severity of pain in the primary analysis compared with placebo (-0."5.11Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Corbin, AE; Crofford, LJ; Dworkin, RH; LaMoreaux, LK; Martin, SA; Mease, PJ; Rowbotham, MC; Russell, IJ; Sharma, U; Young, JP, 2005)
"Pregabalin at 450 mg/day was efficacious for the treatment of FMS, reducing symptoms of pain, disturbed sleep, and fatigue compared with placebo."5.11Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Corbin, AE; Crofford, LJ; Dworkin, RH; LaMoreaux, LK; Martin, SA; Mease, PJ; Rowbotham, MC; Russell, IJ; Sharma, U; Young, JP, 2005)
"This multicenter, double-blind, 8-week, randomized clinical trial compared the effects of placebo with those of 150, 300, and 450 mg/day pregabalin on pain, sleep, fatigue, and health-related quality of life in 529 patients with FMS."5.11Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Corbin, AE; Crofford, LJ; Dworkin, RH; LaMoreaux, LK; Martin, SA; Mease, PJ; Rowbotham, MC; Russell, IJ; Sharma, U; Young, JP, 2005)
"Fifty patients with refractory partial seizures took part in a prospective, observational study of adjuvant gabapentin (GBP) in increasing doses."5.08High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients. ( Brodie, MJ; Forrest, G; Sills, GJ; Wilson, EA, 1998)
" The results indicated that GABA has an advantage over taurine of anti-fatigue effect."3.83Extraction, purification and anti-fatigue activity of γ-aminobutyric acid from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves. ( Chen, H; He, Q; He, X; Li, J; Liu, Y; Wang, J; Wei, B; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y, 2016)
"Data from three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin in fibromyalgia patients were pooled for this analysis."3.77Correlations between fibromyalgia symptom and function domains and patient global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin. ( Arnold, LM; Emir, B; Sadosky, A; Whalen, E; Zlateva, G, 2011)
"The objective of the study was to conduct an analysis of pooled data from pregabalin fibromyalgia clinical trials to determine which fibromyalgia symptom and function domains drive patient perception of improvement."3.77Correlations between fibromyalgia symptom and function domains and patient global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin. ( Arnold, LM; Emir, B; Sadosky, A; Whalen, E; Zlateva, G, 2011)
"Authors examined 30 adolescents with neurasthenia and 30 with residual asthenia."2.79[Asthenic disorders in children and their differentiated treatment]. ( Anisimova, TI; Bondarchuk, IL; Chutko, LS; Iakovenko, EA; Nikishena, IS; Sergeev, AV; Surushkina, SI, 2014)
" Patients of the first group received adaptol in dosage 1000 mg daily and patients of the second group received noofen in dosage 500 mg daily."2.79[Asthenic disorders in children and their differentiated treatment]. ( Anisimova, TI; Bondarchuk, IL; Chutko, LS; Iakovenko, EA; Nikishena, IS; Sergeev, AV; Surushkina, SI, 2014)
"Adolescents with neurasthenia were characterized by higher anxiety."2.79[Asthenic disorders in children and their differentiated treatment]. ( Anisimova, TI; Bondarchuk, IL; Chutko, LS; Iakovenko, EA; Nikishena, IS; Sergeev, AV; Surushkina, SI, 2014)
"The higher efficacy of adaptol in treatment of neurasthenia (80% in adolescents with neurasthenia and 60% of patients with residual asthenia) was shown."2.79[Asthenic disorders in children and their differentiated treatment]. ( Anisimova, TI; Bondarchuk, IL; Chutko, LS; Iakovenko, EA; Nikishena, IS; Sergeev, AV; Surushkina, SI, 2014)
"Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant drug that has analgesic properties for acute postoperative pain."2.74The analgesic effect of gabapentin as a prophylactic anticonvulsant drug on postcraniotomy pain: a prospective randomized study. ( Aykac, B; Bingol, CA; Karlikaya, G; Sayin, M; Türe, H; Türe, U, 2009)
" The most frequently used dosing regimen involved a starting dose of 150mg/d and dose escalation to 300mg/d after one week (mean: 301mg/d, administered in two doses)."2.73Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia: Open-label, non-comparative, flexible-dose study. ( Baron, R; Binder, A; Brasser, M; Brunnmüller, U; May, M, 2008)
" In six patients, including three taking 6000 mg daily, GBP concentrations continued to rise linearly at each dosage increment."2.69High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients. ( Brodie, MJ; Forrest, G; Sills, GJ; Wilson, EA, 1998)
"Fifty patients with refractory partial seizures took part in a prospective, observational study of adjuvant gabapentin (GBP) in increasing doses."2.69High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients. ( Brodie, MJ; Forrest, G; Sills, GJ; Wilson, EA, 1998)
"Few studies have investigated restless legs syndrome (RLS) treatment effects on individual International RLS Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS) items."2.53Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials. ( Ahmed, M; Hays, R; Jaros, MJ; Kim, R; Shang, G; Steven Poceta, J, 2016)
" Overall, pregabalin was well tolerated with no new adverse events emerging that have not been reported with its use in other indications."2.44Pregabalin: its efficacy, safety and tolerability profile in fibromyalgia syndrome. ( Owen, RT, 2007)
"gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) was first proposed as a putative inhibitory neurotransmitter by Elliot and van Gelder in 1958."2.39Vigabatrin. ( Ben-Menachem, E, 1995)
"Vigabatrin (VGB) was designed specifically to inhibit GABA transaminase and thereby increase the availability of GABA in the brain."2.39Vigabatrin. ( Ben-Menachem, E, 1995)
"Exercise-induced fatigue is a complex physiological phenomenon and is greatly influenced by central mechanisms in brain."1.72Activation of brain lactate receptor GPR81 aggravates exercise-induced central fatigue. ( Huang, Q; Li, J; Li, P; Shan, F; Xia, Y; Xiong, R; Xu, H; Yang, T; Zhao, Y, 2022)
"Fatigue is a common symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with unknown pathophysiology."1.62Altered in vivo brain GABA and glutamate levels are associated with multiple sclerosis central fatigue. ( Al-Iedani, O; Arm, J; Lea, R; Lechner-Scott, J; Oeltzschner, G; Ramadan, S, 2021)
"Physical fatigue was negatively correlated with GABA+ in SMC and PFC (r = -0."1.62Altered in vivo brain GABA and glutamate levels are associated with multiple sclerosis central fatigue. ( Al-Iedani, O; Arm, J; Lea, R; Lechner-Scott, J; Oeltzschner, G; Ramadan, S, 2021)
"Pain was ranked as the most important outcome explaining variability in PGIC, followed by fatigue and sleep."1.37Correlations between fibromyalgia symptom and function domains and patient global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin. ( Arnold, LM; Emir, B; Sadosky, A; Whalen, E; Zlateva, G, 2011)
" To examine the potential for drug-drug interactions at these two transporters, the pharmacokinetics of gabapentin enacarbil were evaluated in healthy adults after administration alone or in combination with either naproxen (an MCT-1 substrate) or cimetidine (an OCT2 substrate)."1.36Clinical pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies of gabapentin enacarbil, a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin, with naproxen and cimetidine. ( Blumenthal, R; Cundy, KC; Ho, J; Lal, R; Luo, W; Sukbuntherng, J; Vicente, V, 2010)
"Menopausal symptom management after breast cancer may be complex, and we present a novel model of care using a multidisciplinary approach."1.36The multidisciplinary management of menopausal symptoms after breast cancer: a unique model of care. ( Doherty, DA; Emery, LI; Gregson, J; Hickey, M; Saunders, CM, 2010)
"A total of 578 women with breast cancer were managed at the Menopausal Symptoms After Cancer Clinic between January 2003 and December 2008."1.36The multidisciplinary management of menopausal symptoms after breast cancer: a unique model of care. ( Doherty, DA; Emery, LI; Gregson, J; Hickey, M; Saunders, CM, 2010)
"However, new pharmacological approaches for the treatment of fibromyalgia pain and insomnia using sodium oxybate appear to be promising."1.36Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: new developments. ( Staud, R, 2010)
"Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread pain, stiffness, insomnia, fatigue and distress."1.36Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: new developments. ( Staud, R, 2010)
"(1) Fibromyalgia is characterised by a range of symptoms that include muscle pain, fatigue and sleep disorders."1.35Fibromyalgia: poorly understood; treatments are disappointing. ( , 2009)
"Anxiety and depression are often also present."1.35Fibromyalgia: poorly understood; treatments are disappointing. ( , 2009)

Research

Studies (24)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19902 (8.33)18.7374
1990's2 (8.33)18.2507
2000's5 (20.83)29.6817
2010's11 (45.83)24.3611
2020's4 (16.67)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Li, J2
Xia, Y1
Xu, H1
Xiong, R1
Zhao, Y1
Li, P1
Yang, T1
Huang, Q1
Shan, F1
Versace, V3
Ortelli, P3
Dezi, S3
Ferrazzoli, D3
Alibardi, A3
Bonini, I3
Engl, M3
Maestri, R3
Assogna, M3
Ajello, V3
Pucks-Faes, E3
Saltuari, L3
Sebastianelli, L3
Kofler, M3
Koch, G3
Ashton, JC1
Arm, J1
Oeltzschner, G1
Al-Iedani, O1
Lea, R1
Lechner-Scott, J1
Ramadan, S1
Chutko, LS1
Surushkina, SI1
Nikishena, IS1
Iakovenko, EA1
Anisimova, TI1
Bondarchuk, IL1
Sergeev, AV1
Chen, H1
He, X1
Liu, Y1
He, Q1
Zhang, C1
Wei, B1
Zhang, Y1
Wang, J1
Ahmed, M1
Hays, R1
Steven Poceta, J1
Jaros, MJ1
Kim, R1
Shang, G1
Türe, H1
Sayin, M1
Karlikaya, G1
Bingol, CA1
Aykac, B1
Türe, U1
Staud, R1
Hickey, M1
Emery, LI1
Gregson, J1
Doherty, DA1
Saunders, CM1
Lal, R1
Sukbuntherng, J1
Luo, W1
Vicente, V1
Blumenthal, R1
Ho, J1
Cundy, KC1
Arnold, LM1
Zlateva, G1
Sadosky, A1
Emir, B1
Whalen, E2
Kanehira, T1
Nakamura, Y1
Nakamura, K1
Horie, K1
Horie, N1
Furugori, K1
Sauchi, Y1
Yokogoshi, H1
Mease, PJ2
Dundon, K1
Sarzi-Puttini, P1
Roth, T1
Lankford, DA1
Bhadra, P1
Resnick, EM1
Pauer, L1
Atkinson, G1
Murphy, TK1
Petersel, D1
Zeiher, B1
Crofford, LJ1
Rowbotham, MC1
Russell, IJ1
Dworkin, RH1
Corbin, AE1
Young, JP1
LaMoreaux, LK1
Martin, SA1
Sharma, U1
Owen, RT1
Baron, R1
Brunnmüller, U1
Brasser, M1
May, M1
Binder, A1
Ben-Menachem, E1
Wilson, EA1
Sills, GJ1
Forrest, G1
Brodie, MJ1
Iakovlev, NN1
Aleksandrova, GV1
Batuner, LS1
Krasnova, AF1
Lenkova, RI1
Casti, A1
Fussi, F1
Clo, C1

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of XP13512 in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome.[NCT00298623]Phase 3222 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of XP13512 (GSK1838262) in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome[NCT01332305]Phase 2217 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of XP13512 in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome.[NCT00365352]Phase 3325 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
Gabapentin Regimens and Their Effects on Opioid Consumption[NCT03334903]Phase 477 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-15Completed
Effects Of Pregabalin On Sleep Maintenance In Subjects With Fibromyalgia Syndrome And Sleep Maintenance Disturbance: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled 2-Way Crossover Polysomnography Study[NCT00883740]Phase 3119 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
A Six-Month, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Durability of Effect Study of Pregabalin for Pain Associated With Fibromyalgia[NCT00151489]Phase 31,020 participants Interventional2005-04-30Completed
Evaluation of Spa Therapy in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia : a Randomized, Controlled, Open Multicenter Study[NCT02265029]220 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Therapeutic Education Program in Standardized Thermal Cure for Fibromyalgia Patients[NCT02406313]152 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Active, not recruiting
Fibromyalgia of Less Than One Year Duration in Primary Care: Treatment Response in a Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study of Pregabalin[NCT01397006]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Withdrawn
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Mean AUCss

The area under the plot of plasma concentration of drug against time after drug administration is defined as the area under the curve (AUC). The AUCss is the area under the curve during the steady-state period. The AUCss is of particular use in estimating the bioavailability of drugs, by measuring the extent of absorption. AUCss used concentration data from 0 to 24 hours at steady-state for Weeks 4 and 12. (NCT01332305)
Timeframe: Weeks 4 and 12

,,,
Interventionng*hour/ml (Mean)
Week 4, n=0, 38, 33, 33, 35Week 12, n=0, 32, 30, 30, 30
GEn 1200 mg96.195.7
GEn 1800 mg141146
GEn 2400 mg176173
GEn 600 mg49.351.4

Mean Css, Max and Css, Min

"Css, max is defined as the maximum or peak concentration of a drug observed after multiple administration, at steady state. Css, max is one of the parameters of particular use in estimating the bioavailability of drugs, by measuring the total amount of drug absorbed. Css, min is defined as the minimum concentration of a drug observed after its administration, in steady state. ng, nanograms; PK, pharmacokinetic; W, week; BLQ, below limit of quantitation." (NCT01332305)
Timeframe: Weeks 4 and 12

,,,
Interventionnanograms per milliliter (ng/ml) (Mean)
Css, max; Week 4, n=0, 39, 33, 33, 36Css, max; Week 12, n=0, 32, 30, 30, 31Css, min; Week 4, n=0, 39, 33, 33, 36Css, min; Week 12, n=0, 32, 30, 30, 31
GEn 1200 mg7.147.151.371.32
GEn 1800 mg11.412.01.631.60
GEn 2400 mg14.013.32.342.41
GEn 600 mg3.864.140.6900.600

Mean Tmax and T1/2

"Tmax is defined as the time to the maximum or peak concentration of a drug observed after multiple administration. T1/2 is defined as the time to when half of the total amount of a particular substance is eliminated from the body." (NCT01332305)
Timeframe: Weeks 4 and 12

,,,
Interventionhours (Mean)
Tmax; Week 4, n=0, 39, 33, 33, 36Tmax; Week 12, n=0, 32, 30, 30, 31T1/2; Week 4, n=0, 38, 33, 33, 35T1/2, Week 12, n=0, 32, 30, 30, 30
GEn 1200 mg8.578.726.676.63
GEn 1800 mg7.618.005.825.89
GEn 2400 mg8.018.136.056.09
GEn 600 mg8.766.965.826.27

"Number of Participants With a Score of Much Improved or Very Much Improved on the Investigator-rated CGI-I Scale (Response) at (Week 12) Using LOCF"

"The investigator -rated Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) scale is an assessment designed to allow investigators to rate the change of a participant's disease severity over time based on a seven-point scale, with a score of 1 being very much improved, a score of 2 being much improved, a score of 3 being minimally improved, a score of 4 being no change, a score of 5 being minimally improved,a score of 6 being much worse, and a score of 7 being very much worse. Participants with a response of much improved or very much improved were classified as responders." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo43
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg86

Change From Baseline in IRLS Rating Scale Total Score at Week 12 Using Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF)

The International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) Rating scale is a measure of RLS disease severity. The scale reflects the participant-reported assessment of primary sensory and motor features and associated sleep problems in RLS. Ten items (individually scored from 0 to 4) are included that assess the impact of symptoms on participants' mood, daily life, and activities. The total scale score is a sum of all of the individual item scores and ranges from 0-40 points, with 40 being the most severe. The scale assesses symptoms over the week prior to measurement. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-9.8
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-13.0

Change From Baseline in Sleep Adequacy, an Item on the MOS Sleep Scale, at Week 12 Using LOCF

"The MOS Sleep Scale measures most constructs of sleep. The scale has a battery of questions to measure specific aspects of sleep in participants with co-morbidities. The four domains scored from the MOS Sleep Scale were sleep disturbance,' sleep quantity,' sleep adequacy, and daytime somnolence. The scores of the sleep adequacy domain ranged from 1 to 100, with a high score indicating greater adequacy. The assessment was completed at Baseline (Day 1) and end of Weeks, 4, 8, and 12 (or end of Treatment)." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Basline and Week 12

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo13.6
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg29.1
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg27.7

Change From Baseline in Sleep Quantity, an Item on the MOS Sleep Scale, at Week 12 Using LOCF

"The MOS Sleep Scale measures most constructs of sleep. The scale has a battery of questions to measure specific aspects of sleep in participants with co-morbidities. The four domains scored from the MOS Sleep Scale were sleep disturbance,' sleep quantity,' sleep adequacy, and daytime somnolence. The scores of the sleep quantity domain were measured in time (number of hours of sleep each night). The assessment was completed at Baseline (Day 1) and end of Weeks, 4, 8, and 12 (or end of Treatment)." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionhours (Mean)
Placebo0.3
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg0.6
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg0.8

Change From Baseline in the Average Daily RLS Pain Score at the End of Treatment (Week 12) for Participants With Pain at Baseline or the End of Week 12 Using LOCF

The Daily RLS pain score was assessed by participants reporting whether they experienced any pain associated with RLS in the last 24 hours and rating their pain levels on an 11-point numerical rating scale, with 0 being no pain and 10 the most intense pain imaginable. The assessment was performed for 7 days prior to Baseline and pre-defined study visits. The change from baseline was calculated as the End of Treatment (Week 12) value minus the Baseline (Day 1) value. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline and End of Treatment (Week 12)

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-1.7
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-2.5
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-2.6

Change From Baseline in the Average Daily RLS Pain Score to Week 12 for Participants With a Baseline Pain Score of at Least 4 Using LOCF

The Average Daily RLS pain was assessed by participants reporting whether they experienced any pain associated with RLS in the last 24 hours and rating their pain levels on an 11-point numerical rating scale, with 0 being no pain and 10 the most intense pain imaginable. The assessment was performed for 7 days prior to Baseline and pre-defined visits. The change from baseline was calculated as the End of Treatment (Week 12) value minus the Baseline (Day 1) value. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-2.3
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-3.5
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-3.5

Change From Baseline in the Daytime Somnolence Score, an Item on the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale, at Week 12 Using LOCF

"The MOS Sleep Scale measures most constructs of sleep. The scale has a battery of questions to measure specific aspects of sleep in participants with co-morbidities. The four domains scored from the MOS Sleep Scale were sleep disturbance,' sleep quantity,' sleep adequacy, and daytime somnolence. The scores of the daytime somnolence domain ranged from 1 to 100, with a high score indicating greater daytime somnolence. The assessment was completed at Baseline (Day 1) and end of Weeks, 4, 8, and 12 (or end of Treatment)." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-9.7
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-9.8
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-16.1

Change From Baseline in the Overall Life-Impact Score of the RLS Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire at Week 12 Using LOCF

The Restless Legs Syndrome Quality of Life (RLS-QoL) questionnaire is a disease-specific, participant-rated questionnaire that assesses the impact of RLS on daily life, emotional well-being, social life, and work life of the participants. The RLS-QoL Questionnaire is presented on a 0 (lowest possible score) to 100 (highest possible score) scale. It was completed at Day 1 and at the end of Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Early Termination). (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo14.5
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg19.3
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg20.4

Change From Baseline in the Profile of Mood State (POMS) Scale at Week 12 Using LOCF

"The Profile of Mood States (POMS) Brief Form contains 30 adjectives; each participant is asked to rate the degree to which each adjective describes themselves based on how they felt during the past week including the date on which the adjective was rated. The possible ratings range from 0 (Not all all) to 4 (Extremely). The Total Mood Disturbance Score (range of 0 to 120) is obtained by summing the values of six domains. Higher scores indicate a more negative mood disturbance. The POMS was completed at Baseline (Day 1), and at the end of Weeks 4, 8, and 12 (or Early Termination)." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Treatment (Week 12)

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-7.3
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-10.9
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-11.5

Change From Baseline in the Sleep Disturbance Score, an Item on the MOS Sleep Scale, at Week 12 Using LOCF

"The MOS Sleep Scale measures most constructs of sleep. The scale has a battery of questions to measure specific aspects of sleep in participants with co-morbidities. The four domains scored from the MOS Sleep Scale were sleep disturbance,' sleep quantity,' sleep adequacy, and daytime somnolence. The scores of the sleep disturbance domain ranged from 1 to 100, with a high score indicating greater impairment of sleep. The assessment was completed at Baseline (Day 1) and end of Weeks, 4, 8, and 12 (or end of Treatment)." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-17.0
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-29.5
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-30.7

Change From Baseline to the End of Treatment (Week 12) in the IRLS Rating Scale Total Score Using LOCF

The IRLS Rating scale is a measure of RLS disease severity. The scale reflects the participant-reported assessment of primary sensory and motor features and associated sleep problems in RLS. Items (individually scored from 0 to 4) are included that assess the impact of symptoms on participants' mood, daily life, and activities. The total scale score is a sum of all of the individual item scores and ranges from 0-40 points, with 40 being the most severe. The scale assesses symptoms over the week prior to measurement. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and End of Treatment (Week 12)

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-9.8
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-13.8

Change From Baseline to the End of Treatment in Average Daily Total Sleep Time (Hours) Using LOCF

Average daily total sleep time was derived from the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD; an instrument with separate components to be completed [self-reported] at bedtime and waketime) as the mean of non-missing total sleep time over the 7 days before each visit, where total sleep time = [(wake up time - lights out time) - time to fall asleep - time awake during the night] in hours. The change was calculated as the end of treatment (Week 12) value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Treatment (Week 12)

Interventionhours (Mean)
Placebo0.6
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg0.7
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg1.0

Change From Baseline to the End of Treatment in Average Daily Wake Time (Minutes) After Sleep Onset Using LOCF

Average daily wake time after sleep onset was derived from the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD) as the mean of non-missing total hours awake during the night after falling asleep over the 7 days before each visit. The change was calculated as the end of treatment (Week 12) value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Treatment (Week 12)

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Placebo-12.5
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-16.4
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-18.5

Change From Baseline to the End of Week 1 in the IRLS Rating Scale Total Score Using LOCF

The IRLS Rating scale is a measure of RLS disease severity. The scale reflects the participant-reported assessment of primary sensory and motor features and associated sleep problems in RLS. Items (individually scored from 0 to 4) are included that assess the impact of symptoms on participants' mood, daily life, and activities. The total scale score is a sum of all of the individual item scores and ranges from 0-40 points, with 40 being the most severe. The scale assesses symptoms over the week prior to measurement. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline and the End of Week 1

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-6.0
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-9.8
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-8.7

Number of Participants Classsified as Responders on the Investigator-rated CGI-I Scale at Week 12 Using LOCF

"The CGI-I scale is a standardized tool that is widely used in psychopharmacologic trials. For the CGI-I, the investigator was asked to rate the participant's overall change in RLS symptoms from Baseline. Scores ranged from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Participants who were much improved (score of 2) or very much improved on the CGI-I scale at the end of treatment (Week 12) are classified as Responders." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo43
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg83

Number of Participants Who Had an Onset of Response to Treatment at the End of Week 1 Based Upon the IRLS Rating Scale Total Score and the Investigator-rated CGI-I Using LOCF

"The IRLS Rating scale is a measure of RLS disease severity. Items (individually scored from 0 to 4) are included that assess the impact of symptoms on participants' mood, daily life, and activities. The total scale score is a sum of all of the individual item scores and ranges from 0-40 points, with 40 being the most severe. Response was defined by an IRLS Rating Scale total score at the end of Week 1 < 15 and at least a 6-point reduction from the participant's Baseline score and an investigator-rated CGI-I response of much improved or very much improved." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: End of Week 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo13
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg36
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg40

Number of Participants Who Indicated on the Mood Assessment That Their Mood Was Much Improved or Very Much Improved at Week 12 (End of Treatment) Using LOCF

The Mood Assessment is a non-disease-specific question surveying global change in a participant's overall mood. Participants were asked to rate their overall change in mood since the start of the study by choosing a score in a range from 1 (Very Much Improved) to 7 (Very Much Worse). The assessment was completed at Day 1 and the ends of Weeks 4, 8, and 12 or (Early Termination). (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo19
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg35
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg39

Number of Participants With a Rating of Excellent for the Overall Quality of Sleep in Past Week Measured by the Post-Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) at the End of Treatment (Week 12) Using LOCF

"The Post-Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was designed to evaluate overall sleep quality, ability to function, and RLS symptoms' interference with sleep over the past week. Participants were asked to rate overall sleep quality (as either Excellent, Reasonable, or Poor), ability to function, number of nights with RLS symptoms, number of nights awakened by RLS symptoms, and the number of hours spent awake due to RLS symptoms over the past week." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: End of Treatment (Week 12)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo14
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg24
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg30

Number of Total Responders to Treatment Based on the Investigator-Rated CGI of Improvement at the End of One Week of Treatment

"The CGI-I scale is a standardized tool that is widely used in psychopharmacologic trials. For the CGI-I, the investigator was asked to rate the participant's overall change in RLS symptoms from Baseline. Scores ranged from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Participants who were much improved (score of 2) or very much improved on the CGI-I scale at the end of treatment (Week 12) are classified as Responders." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: End of Week 1

Interventionresponders (Number)
Placebo26
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg54
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg59

The Time to Onset of the First Response to Treatment on the IRLS Rating Scale Total Score and the Investigator-rated CGI-I

The Response was defined by an IRLS Rating Scale total score at the end of Week 1 < 15 and at least a 6-point reduction from the participant's Baseline score and an investigator-rated CGI-I response of much improved or very much improved. The median time to onset is estimated using the product-limit estimation method. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) to End of Treatment (Week 12)

Interventionweeks (Median)
PlaceboNA
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 Milligrams(mg) Taken Orally4.1
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg Taken Orally Once a Day2.1

Time to Onset of the First RLS Symptom From the 24-hour RLS Record Obtained at the End of Treatment (Week 12)

The time to onset of the first RLS symptoms from the 24-hour RLS Record is defined as the length of time from the start of the 24-hour assessment period (8:00 AM) to the time when 50% of participants experienced their first symptom. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Week 12

Interventionhours (Median)
Placebo12.8
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg13.5
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg13.8

Change From Baseline in the IRLS Rating Scale Total Score at Week 12 by Baseline RLS Rating Scale Total Score Category (Baseline RLS Severity) Using LOCF

The IRLS Rating scale is a measure of RLS disease severity. The scale reflects the participant-reported assessment of primary sensory and motor features and associated sleep problems in RLS. Ten items (individually scored from 0 to 4) are included that assess the impact of symptoms on participants' mood, daily life, and activities. The total scale score is a sum of all of the individual item scores and ranges from 0-40 points, with 40 being the most severe. The scale assesses symptoms over the week prior to measurement. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 12

,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
IRLS Total Score < 17.5IRLS Total Score 17.5 to < 22.5IRLS Total Score 22.5 to < 27.5IRLS Total Score >= 27.5
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-7.9-8.8-15.5-19.6
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-8.9-11.9-15.1-18.2
Placebo-6.3-8.5-9.6-13.3

Mean Change in the IRLS Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 12 by RLS Treatment History Using LOCF

The IRLS Rating scale is a measure of RLS disease severity. The scale reflects the participant-reported assessment of primary sensory and motor features and associated sleep problems in RLS. Ten items (individually scored from 0 to 4) are included that assess the impact of symptoms on participants' mood, daily life, and activities. The total scale score is a sum of all of the individual item scores and ranges from 0-40 points, with 40 being the most severe. The scale assesses symptoms over the week prior to measurement. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) and Week 12

,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
No RLS Treatment HistoryTreatment terminatedTreatment within 1 month of study start
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg-12.5-17.1-12.1
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg-13.7-12.4-14.6
Placebo-8.8-13.3-10.7

Number of Participants Classified as Investigator-rated CGI-I Scale Responders at Week 12 by RLS Treatment History Using LOCF

"The CGI-I scale is a standardized tool that is widely used in psychopharmacologic trials. For the CGI-I, the investigator was asked to rate the participant's overall change in RLS symptoms from Baseline. Scores ranged from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Participants who were much improved (score of 2) or very much improved on the CGI-I scale at the end of treatment (Week 12) are classified as Responders." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Basline and Week 12

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
No RLS Treatment HistoryTreatment terminatedTreatment within 1 month of study start
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg571315
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg54918
Placebo26511

Number of Participants Classified as Responders to Treatment Based on the Participant-Rated CGI of Improvement at Week 1 and Week 12 (End of Treatment)

"The CGI-I scale is a standardized tool that is widely used in psychopharmacologic trials. For the CGI-I, the investigator was asked to rate the participant's overall change in RLS symptoms from Baseline. Scores ranged from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Participants who were much improved (score of 2) or very much improved on the CGI-I scale at the end of treatment (Week 12) are classified as Responders." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Week 1 and Week 12

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Responders at the End of Treatment (Week 12)Responders at the End of One Week
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg8352
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg9055
Placebo4620

Number of Participants Classified as Responders With at Least 30% and 50% Improvement in the Average Daily RLS Pain Score Using LOCF

"The Mean Daily RLS pain was assessed by participants reporting whether they experienced any pain associated with RLS in the last 24 hours and rating their pain levels on an 11-point numerical rating scale, with 0 being no pain and 10 the most intense pain imaginable. The assessment was performed for 7 days prior to Baseline and pre-defined visits A Responder is a participant with a score of much improved or very much improved on the investigator rated CGI I Scale at the end of treatment (Week 12 using LOCF)." (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Week 12

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
> or equal to 30% response> or equal to 50% response
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg7666
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg7562
Placebo4841

Number of Participants Experiencing No RLS Symptoms in Each of the Seven 4-hour Periods From the 24-hour RLS Record at Week 12 (End of Treatment)

RLS severity ratings were summarized in 6 non-overlapping 4-hour periods beginning at 8 AM. A 4-hour period from 6 PM to 10 PM was also prospectively included to reflect the time frame when the most participants would experience their first symptoms of the day. (NCT00365352)
Timeframe: Week 12

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
8 AM to 12 PM12 PM to 4 PM4 PM to 8 PM6 PM to 10 PM8 PM to 12 AM12 AM to 4 AM4 AM to 8 AM
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 1200 mg74696155486772
GEn (XP13512/GSK1838262) 600 mg85746855497479
Placebo52514539273856

"VAS Score 1: How Much Pain do You Feel in Your Operative Site When Resting?"

Surgical site pain. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months after surgery (at 2nd postoperative appointment)

Interventionscore on 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care2.26
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen2.46

"VAS Score 2: How Much Pain do You Feel in Your Operative Site When Moving?"

Surgical site pain. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Interventionscore on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care3.84
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen3.54

"VAS Score 3: How Well Are You Sleeping?"

Sleep quality. Scale 0-10 with 0 worst and 10 best. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Interventionscore on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care5.73
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen6.38

"VAS Score 4: How Bad is Your Nausea?"

Nausea. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Interventionscore on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care0.36
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen0.17

"VAS Score 5: How Satisfied Are You With Your Pain Management?"

Satisfaction. Scale 0-10 with 0 worst and 10 best. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Interventionscore on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care7.83
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen8.48

Days Taking Opioids

Number of days until patients are finished consuming opioid medications after discharge. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Interventiondays (Mean)
Standard of Care14.8
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen18.7

Opioid Consumption

Mean opioid consumption, measured in mg of morphine equivalents. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (total amount measured at second postoperative appointment; means assessed afterwards).

Interventionmorphine equivalents (Mean)
Standard of Care287.0
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen281.1

Latency to Persistent Sleep (LPS)

LPS, as determined by PSG, was the total number of epochs recorded on 2 consecutive nights divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period, from the beginning of the recording to the start of the first 20 consecutive non-wake epochs. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo41.63
Pregabalin34.45

Number of Awakenings After Sleep Onset (NAASO 1)

NAASO 1, as determined by PSG, was the number of times there was a wake period of at least one epoch in duration. Each entry counted was separated by a Stage 2 epoch, Stage 3 and 4 epoch, or Stage rapid eye movement (REM) epoch. The sum of 2 consecutive nights of recording was divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

InterventionAwakenings (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo26.92
Pregabalin24.51

Number of Awakenings After Sleep Onset (NAASO 2)

NAASO 2, as determined by PSG, was the number of times that there was a wake period of at least two epochs in duration. Each entry counted was separated by a Stage 2 epoch, Stage 3 and 4 epoch, or Stage REM epoch. The sum of 2 consecutive nights of recording divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

InterventionAwakenings (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo10.16
Pregabalin8.63

Sleep Efficiency (SE)

SE, as determined by PSG, was the TST divided by the time in bed, multiplied by 100. The sum of 2 consecutive nights of recording divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

InterventionPercentage of time asleep (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo77.21
Pregabalin82.64

Slow Wave Sleep (SWS)

SWS, as determined by PSG, Stage 3 plus 4 sleep divided by TST times 100 was the percentage of TST. The sum of 2 consecutive nights of recording divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

InterventionPercentage of total sleep time (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo15.04
Pregabalin17.18

Total Sleep Time (TST)

TST, as determined by PSG, was the number of non-wake epochs from the beginning of recording to the end of the recording. TST was the sum of 2 consecutive nights of recording divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo370.6
Pregabalin396.2

Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) at Weeks 5 and 11

WASO was the sum of wake time during sleep measured in epochs (30 seconds of polysomnography [PSG]) recording) after the onset of persistent sleep and prior to final awakening and wake time after sleep (the number of epochs after the final awakening until the end of PSG recording [i.e. awake epoch immediately prior to the end of the recording]) on 2 consecutive nights divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or Early Termination (ET)

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo70.69
Pregabalin51.54

Wake Time After Sleep (WTAS)

WTAS, as determined by PSG, was the total amount of time awake after the final awakening until the end of the 8 hours. WTAS was the sum of 2 consecutive nights of recordings divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo9.19
Pregabalin7.38

Wake Time During Sleep (WTDS)

WTDS, as determined by PSG, was the total amount of time awake the participant experienced after the onset of persistent sleep and prior to the final awakening, or at the end of 8 hours of recording. WTDS was the sum of 2 consecutive nights of recordings divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo63.38
Pregabalin45.83

Change From Baseline in MOS-SS Sleep Disturbance at Weeks 5 and 11

MOS-SS, a participant rated instrument used to assess sleep quantity and quality over the previous week, was comprised of 12 items yielding 7 subscale scores and 2 index composite index scores. Sleep Disturbance subscale score (4 items): individual scores were transformed (actual raw score minus lowest possible score divided by possible raw score range times 100) and ranged from 0 to 100; higher score indicated greater disturbance. Total score ranged=0 to 100; higher score indicates greater intensity of attribute. Change was score at week x minus score at baseline. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 1 (Baseline Intervention Period 1), Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1), Week 7 (Baseline Intervention Period 2) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change Week 1 to Week 5 (n=59, 56)Change Week 7 to Week 11 (n=50, 52)
Placebo-19.0-2.23
Pregabalin-27.1-21.0

Change From Baseline in MOS-SS Sleep Problems Index II Weeks 5 and 11

MOS-SS, a participant rated instrument used to assess sleep quantity and quality over the previous week, was compromised of 12 items yielding 7 subscale scores and 2 index composite index scores. Composite index included Sleep Problems Index II (9 items), scores ranged from 0 to 100; higher scores indicated greater sleep problems. Change was score at week x minus score at baseline. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 1 (Baseline Intervention Period 1), Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1), Week 7 (Baseline Intervention Period 2) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change Week 1 to Week 5 (n=59, 56)Change Week 7 to Week 11 (50, 52)
Placebo-16.4-0.98
Pregabalin-21.9-14.4

Daily Pain Score

Pain intensity as measured by NRS; a participant rated scale 0 to 10 (0 = no pain to 10 = worst pain possible). Weekly values were calculated as the average of the participants daily pain scores. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Daily up to Day 73 or ET

,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4
Placebo6.125.815.735.44
Pregabalin5.425.105.144.92

Latency of Sleep Onset (LSO)

LSO as reported on daily Subjective Sleep Questionnaire (SSQ), a participant reported subjective estimate of the amount of time to fall asleep after lights out. Weekly values were calculated as the average minutes reported on the participant's daily SSQ. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Each Intervention Period or ET

,
InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4
Placebo51.2349.9448.9246.70
Pregabalin43.5642.2743.2440.51

Sleep Quality

Sleep Quality as meassured by numeric rating scale (NRS), a participant rated scale 0 to 10, (0 = very poor sleep, 10 = excellent sleep). Weekly values were calculated as the average of the participants daily diary scores. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Each Intervention Period or ET

,
InterventionUnit on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4
Placebo4.794.955.095.17
Pregabalin5.706.095.966.06

Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTST)

sTST as reported on daily SSQ, a participant reported subjective estimate of the total amount of time the participant was asleep after lights out until final awakening. Weekly values were calculated as the average of the participants daily SSQ values. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Each Intervention Period or ET

,
InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4
Placebo336.8341.9344.1352.5
Pregabalin361.7371.3370.9377.9

Subjective Wake After Sleep Onset (sWASO)

sWASO as reported on daily SSQ, a participant reported subjective estimate of the total amount of time the participant was awake after initial sleep onset until final awakening. Weekly values were calculated as the average of the participant's daily SSQ values. (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Each Intervention Period or ET

,
InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4
Placebo80.8675.4874.9769.65
Pregabalin62.5959.4361.7359.40

WASO by Each Quarter of the Night

WASO, as determined by PSG, was the sum of wake time during sleep (number of wake epochs after the onset of persistent sleep and prior to final awakening) and wake time after sleep (the number of epochs after the final awakening until the end of PSG recording) on 2 consecutive nights divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period by each individual quarter of the night (eight hours in 2 hour increments). (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

,
InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Quarter 1Quarter 2Quarter 3Quarter 4
Placebo7.2316.0421.7328.04
Pregabalin5.9810.0414.9022.60

WASO by Hour of the Night

WASO, as determined by PSG, was the wake time during sleep (number of wake epochs after the onset of persistent sleep and prior to final awakening) and wake time after sleep (the number of epochs after the final awakening until the end of PSG recording) on 2 consecutive nights divided by 2 at the end of each intervention period by each individual hour (8 hours total). (NCT00883740)
Timeframe: Week 5 (End of Intervention Period 1) and Week 11 (End of Intervention Period 2) or ET

,
InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Hour 1Hour 2Hour 3Hour 4Hour 5Hour 6Hour 7Hour 8
Placebo1.965.667.098.9510.5511.2610.9617.08
Pregabalin1.624.564.655.437.547.388.3814.23

Reviews

4 reviews available for gamma-aminobutyric acid and Lassitude

ArticleYear
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Effect of Gabapentin Enacarbil on Individual Items of the International Restless Legs Study Group Rating Scale and Post-sleep Questionnaire in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Primary Restless Legs Syndrome: Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Trials.
    Clinical therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Carbamates; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Randomized Con

2016
Pharmacotherapy of fibromyalgia.
    Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Chronic Pain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition Disorders; Cyclopropanes; Duloxetine H

2011
Pregabalin: its efficacy, safety and tolerability profile in fibromyalgia syndrome.
    Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998), 2007, Volume: 43, Issue:12

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Anxiety Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Fatigue; Fibromyalgia; gamma-Am

2007
Vigabatrin.
    Epilepsia, 1995, Volume: 36 Suppl 2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Biological Availability; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models,

1995

Trials

8 trials available for gamma-aminobutyric acid and Lassitude

ArticleYear
Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin normalizes GABA
    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 145

    Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Fatigue; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Luteoli

2023
Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin normalizes GABA
    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 145

    Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Fatigue; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Luteoli

2023
Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin normalizes GABA
    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 145

    Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Fatigue; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Luteoli

2023
Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin normalizes GABA
    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, Volume: 145

    Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Fatigue; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Luteoli

2023
[Asthenic disorders in children and their differentiated treatment].
    Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 2014, Volume: 114, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Asthenia; Biureas; Fatigue; Female; GABA Agonists; gamma-A

2014
The analgesic effect of gabapentin as a prophylactic anticonvulsant drug on postcraniotomy pain: a prospective randomized study.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2009, Volume: 109, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Amines; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid;

2009
Effect of pregabalin on sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and sleep maintenance disturbance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover polysomnography study.
    Arthritis care & research, 2012, Volume: 64, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Comorbidity; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-B

2012
Long-term maintenance of response across multiple fibromyalgia symptom domains in a randomized withdrawal study of pregabalin.
    The Clinical journal of pain, 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:7

    Topics: Analgesics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibromyalgia; Fo

2012
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Fibr

2005
Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia: Open-label, non-comparative, flexible-dose study.
    European journal of pain (London, England), 2008, Volume: 12, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Diabetic Neuropathies; Dizziness; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

2008
High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients.
    Epilepsy research, 1998, Volume: 29, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diarrhea; D

1998

Other Studies

12 other studies available for gamma-aminobutyric acid and Lassitude

ArticleYear
Activation of brain lactate receptor GPR81 aggravates exercise-induced central fatigue.
    American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2022, 11-01, Volume: 323, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Lactic Acid; Mice; R

2022
A radical hypothesis on the nature of sleep.
    Medical hypotheses, 2020, Volume: 134

    Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Cytokines; Dexamethasone; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Model

2020
Altered in vivo brain GABA and glutamate levels are associated with multiple sclerosis central fatigue.
    European journal of radiology, 2021, Volume: 137

    Topics: Brain; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imagin

2021
Extraction, purification and anti-fatigue activity of γ-aminobutyric acid from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves.
    Scientific reports, 2016, Jan-08, Volume: 6

    Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glycogen; Lactic Acid;

2016
Fibromyalgia: poorly understood; treatments are disappointing.
    Prescrire international, 2009, Volume: 18, Issue:102

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Acupuncture Therapy; Amines; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Ant

2009
Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: new developments.
    Drugs, 2010, Volume: 70, Issue:1

    Topics: Age Factors; Analgesics, Opioid; Calcium Channel Blockers; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognitive Behav

2010
The multidisciplinary management of menopausal symptoms after breast cancer: a unique model of care.
    Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2010, Volume: 17, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Amines; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Breast Neop

2010
Clinical pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies of gabapentin enacarbil, a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin, with naproxen and cimetidine.
    British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 69, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biological Transport; Carbamates; Cimetidine; Constipation; Dose-Response Relatio

2010
Correlations between fibromyalgia symptom and function domains and patient global impression of change: a pooled analysis of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of pregabalin.
    Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Fibromyalgia; gamma-Amin

2011
Relieving occupational fatigue by consumption of a beverage containing γ-amino butyric acid.
    Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology, 2011, Volume: 57, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Beverages; Chromogranin A; Chronic Disease; Fatigue; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans;

2011
[Interorgan metabolic correlations during muscular activity and fatigue].
    Fiziologicheskii zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, 1978, Volume: 64, Issue:11

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Calcium; Electron Transport Complex IV; Energy Metabolism; F

1978
[Changes in nucleoprotein metabolism in the rat brain. II. Effect of the administration of a combination of oxalacetic acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate in normal and fatigued animalsA1].
    Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale, 1974, Dec-30, Volume: 50, Issue:23-24

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Drug Combinations; Fatigue; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ketoglutaric Acids; Male; Nucle

1974