gamma-aminobutyric acid has been researched along with Chemical Dependence in 167 studies
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
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" Gabapentin is a relatively new anticonvulsant being investigated for potential use in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), anxiety disorders, behavioral dyscontrol, and substance use disorders." | 8.80 | Gabapentin: a review of published experience in the treatment of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric conditions. ( Letterman, L; Markowitz, JS, 1999) |
"Gabapentin (Neurontin) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of epilepsy and post-herpetic neuralgia." | 7.75 | Gabapentin-induced delirium and dependence. ( Kahn, DA; Kruszewski, SP; Paczynski, RP, 2009) |
"Gabapentin is a relatively new anticonvulsant being investigated for potential use in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), anxiety disorders, behavioral dyscontrol, and substance use disorders." | 6.40 | Gabapentin: a review of published experience in the treatment of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric conditions. ( Letterman, L; Markowitz, JS, 1999) |
"Alprazolam is an anxiolytic compound that can lead to psychological and physiological dependence especially with prolonged use." | 5.91 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction. ( Burkat, PM, 2023) |
" This study utilized physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling to further examine the underlying mechanisms of anxiety treatment and addiction." | 5.91 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction. ( Burkat, PM, 2023) |
" With repetitive administrations, peak concentration is 59 nM for a 2-mg alprazolam immediate-release dose and 122 nM for a 10-mg extended-release dose." | 5.91 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction. ( Burkat, PM, 2023) |
"Both schizophrenia (SZ) and substance abuse (SA) exhibit significant heritability." | 5.51 | N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor co-agonist availability affects behavioral and neurochemical responses to cocaine: insights into comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse. ( Bergman, J; Carlezon, WA; Coyle, JT; Desai, RI; Donahue, RJ; Doyle, MR; Landino, SM; Presti, KT; Puhl, MD; Takagi, S, 2019) |
"Gabapentin is a central nervous system inhibitory agent with likely gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic and non-GABAergic mechanisms of action." | 5.35 | Gabapentin-induced delirium and dependence. ( Kahn, DA; Kruszewski, SP; Paczynski, RP, 2009) |
"Epilepsy is a common condition in people with learning disabilities with many patients continuing to suffer from seizures despite antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment." | 5.30 | A naturalistic study of the use of vigabatrin, lamotrigine and gabapentin in adults with learning disabilities. ( Bhaumik, S; Branford, D; Duggirala, C; Ismail, IA, 1997) |
"Lamotrigine caused increased seizures in 24% of patients, especially when prescribed at a higher dose." | 5.30 | A naturalistic study of the use of vigabatrin, lamotrigine and gabapentin in adults with learning disabilities. ( Bhaumik, S; Branford, D; Duggirala, C; Ismail, IA, 1997) |
"gov, and US FDA data, indexed through 28 July 2016, utilizing the following searches: pregabalin OR gabapentin OR gabapentinoid AND one of the following: abuse, misuse, overdose, or substance-related disorders[MESH], was conducted." | 4.95 | Abuse and Misuse of Pregabalin and Gabapentin. ( Evoy, KE; Morrison, MD; Saklad, SR, 2017) |
" Gabapentin is a relatively new anticonvulsant being investigated for potential use in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), anxiety disorders, behavioral dyscontrol, and substance use disorders." | 4.80 | Gabapentin: a review of published experience in the treatment of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric conditions. ( Letterman, L; Markowitz, JS, 1999) |
"Pregabalin, primarily used to manage neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia, is categorized as a Schedule V drug (ie, lowest potential for abuse) in the US Drug Enforcement Administration's Controlled Substances Act." | 3.76 | Potential for pregabalin abuse or diversion after past drug-seeking behavior. ( Coren, JS; Filipetto, FA; Zipp, CP, 2010) |
"Gabapentin (Neurontin) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of epilepsy and post-herpetic neuralgia." | 3.75 | Gabapentin-induced delirium and dependence. ( Kahn, DA; Kruszewski, SP; Paczynski, RP, 2009) |
" One promising pharmacological agent in BDZ discontinuation might be the newer anti-epileptic pregabalin, already successfully tested in the treatment of anxiety disorders." | 3.74 | Pregabalin in the discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepines' use. ( Karakatsanis, NA; Karapoulios, E; Konstantakopoulos, G; Kontoangelos, KA; Kouzoupis, AV; Masdrakis, VG; Oulis, P; Papadimitriou, GN, 2008) |
"Histamine is a biogenic amine with four types of receptors." | 2.82 | Therapeutic Potential of Histamine H3 Receptors in Substance Use Disorders. ( Di Ciano, P; Hendershot, CS; Le Foll, B, 2022) |
"Substance use disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and available pharmacological treatments are of modest efficacy." | 2.82 | Therapeutic Potential of Histamine H3 Receptors in Substance Use Disorders. ( Di Ciano, P; Hendershot, CS; Le Foll, B, 2022) |
" The starting dosage of pregabalin was 75 mg/day and was increased up to as much as 300 mg/day, depending on the individual patient's condition, while tapering off hypnotics." | 2.79 | Effects of pregabalin in patients with hypnotic-dependent insomnia. ( Cho, YW; Song, ML, 2014) |
" Using a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, 16 healthy volunteers were administered (in separate sessions) capsules containing placebo, 75 mg pregabalin, 150 mg pregabalin, 10 mg oxycodone, and 75 mg pregabalin combined with 10 mg oxycodone." | 2.77 | Subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of pregabalin alone and in combination with oxycodone in healthy volunteers. ( Coalson, DW; Paice, JA; Zacny, JP, 2012) |
"Gabapentin (1200 mg/day) was additionally added in group B." | 2.71 | Gabapentin in the management of pentazocine dependence: a potent analgesic--anticraving agent. ( Jain, MK; Kumar, P, 2003) |
"Gabapentin is an important adjuvant to the management of opiate dependence both in acute detoxification as well as stabilisation phase." | 2.71 | Gabapentin in the management of pentazocine dependence: a potent analgesic--anticraving agent. ( Jain, MK; Kumar, P, 2003) |
"Risk factors include a history of substance abuse, particularly opioids, and psychiatric co-morbidities." | 2.55 | Abuse and Misuse of Pregabalin and Gabapentin. ( Evoy, KE; Morrison, MD; Saklad, SR, 2017) |
"Gabapentin was misused primarily for recreational purposes, self-medication or intentional self-harm and was misused alone or in combination with other substances, especially opioids, benzodiazepines and/or alcohol." | 2.53 | Gabapentin misuse, abuse and diversion: a systematic review. ( Havens, JR; Smith, RV; Walsh, SL, 2016) |
"Databases were searched for peer-reviewed papers demonstrating gabapentin misuse, characterized by taking a larger dosage than prescribed or taking gabapentin without a prescription, and diversion." | 2.53 | Gabapentin misuse, abuse and diversion: a systematic review. ( Havens, JR; Smith, RV; Walsh, SL, 2016) |
"Individuals with histories of drug abuse were most often involved in its misuse." | 2.53 | Gabapentin misuse, abuse and diversion: a systematic review. ( Havens, JR; Smith, RV; Walsh, SL, 2016) |
"Drug addiction is characterized by widespread abnormalities in brain function and neurochemistry, including drug-associated effects on concentrations of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively." | 2.53 | Neuroimaging markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in drug addiction: Relationships to resting-state functional connectivity. ( London, ED; Moeller, SJ; Northoff, G, 2016) |
"A history of alcohol or substance abuse appears to be an important part of a patient's medical history when evaluating their risk for addiction and dependence behaviors." | 2.53 | Gabapentin: Abuse, Dependence, and Withdrawal. ( Mersfelder, TL; Nichols, WH, 2016) |
" Overall, pregabalin is characterized by higher potency, quicker absorption rates and greater bioavailability levels than gabapentin." | 2.50 | Misuse and abuse of pregabalin and gabapentin: cause for concern? ( Schifano, F, 2014) |
"Problematic compounds may cause seizures either acutely or on withdrawal: Their use may reduce effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs, or may simply promote and enhance chaotic lifestyles." | 2.48 | Alcohol and drugs in epilepsy: pathophysiology, presentation, possibilities, and prevention. ( Borland, W; Leach, JP; Mohanraj, R, 2012) |
" In both conditions, PGB was found efficacious with significant improvement in withdrawal symptoms at the dosage ranges of 150-450 mg/day (AD) and 225-900 mg/day (BD)." | 2.46 | Pregabalin in the treatment of alcohol and benzodiazepines dependence. ( Konstantakopoulos, G; Oulis, P, 2010) |
"Chronic pain is now viewed as a biopsychosocial phenomenon, in which biological, psychological, and social factors are at work." | 2.44 | Practical management strategies for the chronic pain patient. ( Forde, G; Stanos, S, 2007) |
"Drug addiction is a process beginning with the initial exposure to a drug of abuse, and leading, in some individuals, to chronic habitual use, and high rates of relapse." | 2.44 | Microdialysis and the neurochemistry of addiction. ( Kalivas, PW; Torregrossa, MM, 2008) |
"The successful intervention into alcohol dependence and craving brought about by baclofen in both human and animal studies elucidates glutamatergic mechanisms in alcoholism whereas the role of the dopamine transporter, in conjunction with both the noradrenergic and serotonergic transporters, are implicated in cocaine dependence and craving." | 2.42 | Gene-environment interplay in alcoholism and other substance abuse disorders: expressions of heritability and factors influencing vulnerability. ( Archer, T; Beninger, RJ; Kostrzewa, RM; Palomo, T, 2004) |
"Conventional wisdom, and even well-reasoned theoretical mechanisms, suggests that the chronic use of psychoactive substances would impair cognitive functioning of individuals." | 2.42 | Cognitive impairment in substance abuse. ( Cellucci, T; Hedt, J; Jarchow, A; Vik, PW, 2004) |
"Gabapentin is a relatively new anticonvulsant being investigated for potential use in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD), anxiety disorders, behavioral dyscontrol, and substance use disorders." | 2.40 | Gabapentin: a review of published experience in the treatment of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric conditions. ( Letterman, L; Markowitz, JS, 1999) |
"Phencyclidine (PCP) is a major drug of abuse as well as a 'drug of choice' among substance abusers in the U." | 2.37 | [Phencyclidine, a drug which induces psychosis: its neuropharmacological actions]. ( Furukawa, H; Kameyama, T; Nabeshima, T, 1984) |
" This study utilized physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling to further examine the underlying mechanisms of anxiety treatment and addiction." | 1.91 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction. ( Burkat, PM, 2023) |
" With repetitive administrations, peak concentration is 59 nM for a 2-mg alprazolam immediate-release dose and 122 nM for a 10-mg extended-release dose." | 1.91 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction. ( Burkat, PM, 2023) |
"Alprazolam is an anxiolytic compound that can lead to psychological and physiological dependence especially with prolonged use." | 1.91 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction. ( Burkat, PM, 2023) |
"Flunitrazepam has greater potency and higher affinity for the type A GABA receptor than most benzodiazepines." | 1.62 | Sedative-Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank. ( Doyno, CR; White, CM, 2021) |
" Chronic use of these GABAergic drugs can lead to significant withdrawal syndromes." | 1.62 | Sedative-Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank. ( Doyno, CR; White, CM, 2021) |
"Flunitrazepam is a newer benzodiazepine that is preferentially used recreationally and to facilitate sexual assault." | 1.62 | Sedative-Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank. ( Doyno, CR; White, CM, 2021) |
"Both schizophrenia (SZ) and substance abuse (SA) exhibit significant heritability." | 1.51 | N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor co-agonist availability affects behavioral and neurochemical responses to cocaine: insights into comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse. ( Bergman, J; Carlezon, WA; Coyle, JT; Desai, RI; Donahue, RJ; Doyle, MR; Landino, SM; Presti, KT; Puhl, MD; Takagi, S, 2019) |
"Gabapentin misuse has been associated with drug-related harm and increased healthcare service utilization in a few studies, including a recent large-sample analysis of commercially insured enrollees in the United States (U." | 1.48 | Policies to mitigate nonmedical use of prescription medications: how should emerging evidence of gabapentin misuse be addressed? ( Fairman, KA; Peckham, AM; Sclar, DA, 2018) |
" Whereas chronic administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212 (WIN) resulted in increased basal GABA release, the D2 agonist receptor-mediated control of GABA and DA release elicited by quinpirole was similar in both cannabinoid-dependent and non dependent animals." | 1.48 | Cannabinoid dependence induces sustained changes in GABA release in the globus pallidus without affecting dopamine release in the dorsal striatum: A dual microdialysis probe study. ( Decara, J; Edwards, S; Moreno, M; Parsons, LH; Pavon, FJ; Rodríguez de Fonseca, F; Serrano, A; Stouffer, DG; Suárez, J, 2018) |
"Smoking polysubstance users were more impulsive than smokers, and both groups were more impulsive than controls." | 1.46 | Prefrontal Glx and GABA concentrations and impulsivity in cigarette smokers and smoking polysubstance users. ( Goudriaan, AE; Homberg, JR; Kaag, AM; Reneman, L; Schmaal, L; Schulte, MHJ; van den Brink, W; van Wingen, GA; Wiers, RW, 2017) |
"Fifty-eight percent had an opioid use disorder, again mostly in combination with other drugs and/or alcohol." | 1.43 | Abuse of Gabapentin is Associated with Opioid Addiction. ( Bastiaens, L; Galus, J; Mazur, C, 2016) |
" Its desired and adverse effects appear similar to other gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists." | 1.43 | Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid): Availability, prevalence of use, desired effects and acute toxicity. ( Archer, JR; Dargan, PI; Owen, DR; Wood, DM, 2016) |
" According to the grey literature, phenibut is taken for its anxiolytic and euphoric properties, with tolerance and withdrawal syndromes commonly reported adverse effects." | 1.43 | Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid): Availability, prevalence of use, desired effects and acute toxicity. ( Archer, JR; Dargan, PI; Owen, DR; Wood, DM, 2016) |
" To gather information on prevalence of use, desired effects and/or adverse effects, we searched grey literature (online drug discussion forums) and medical literature (PubMed and abstracts from selected International Toxicology conferences)." | 1.43 | Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid): Availability, prevalence of use, desired effects and acute toxicity. ( Archer, JR; Dargan, PI; Owen, DR; Wood, DM, 2016) |
"All patients had substance use disorders, the large majority (72 %) to more than one substance." | 1.43 | Abuse of Gabapentin is Associated with Opioid Addiction. ( Bastiaens, L; Galus, J; Mazur, C, 2016) |
"Carisoprodol is a widely prescribed muscle relaxant, abuse of which has grown considerably in recent years." | 1.42 | Assessment of subunit-dependent direct gating and allosteric modulatory effects of carisoprodol at GABA(A) receptors. ( Dillon, GH; González, LA; Kumar, M, 2015) |
"In the drug abuser cases, PRG poisoning represented 19." | 1.40 | Profiles of pregabalin and gabapentin abuse by postmortem toxicology. ( Gergov, M; Häkkinen, M; Kalso, E; Ojanperä, I; Vuori, E, 2014) |
"Drug abuse was associated with 48." | 1.40 | Profiles of pregabalin and gabapentin abuse by postmortem toxicology. ( Gergov, M; Häkkinen, M; Kalso, E; Ojanperä, I; Vuori, E, 2014) |
" Mean daily PRG dosage was 1424 mg." | 1.39 | Pregabalin abuse and dependence in Germany: results from a database query. ( Freudenmann, RW; Gahr, M; Hiemke, C; Kölle, MA; Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C, 2013) |
"Some patients had no known history of substance abuse." | 1.38 | Gabapentin and pregabalin: abuse and addiction. ( , 2012) |
"Gabapentin is a central nervous system inhibitory agent with likely gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic and non-GABAergic mechanisms of action." | 1.35 | Gabapentin-induced delirium and dependence. ( Kahn, DA; Kruszewski, SP; Paczynski, RP, 2009) |
"Tolerance, dependence, and adverse effects on cognitive functions are well-known consequences of long-term use of benzodiazepines (BDZ), especially at high doses, raising thorny therapeutic problems in their discontinuation." | 1.35 | Pregabalin in the discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepines' use. ( Karakatsanis, NA; Karapoulios, E; Konstantakopoulos, G; Kontoangelos, KA; Kouzoupis, AV; Masdrakis, VG; Oulis, P; Papadimitriou, GN, 2008) |
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine hypnotic that is believed to act selectively at alpha(1) subunit-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors and thus to have minimal abuse and dependence potential." | 1.32 | Three cases of zolpidem dependence treated with fluoxetine: the serotonin hypothesis. ( Christodoulou, GN; Dimopoulos, NP; Gitsa, OE; Liappas, AI; Liappas, IA; Malitas, PN; Nikolaou, CK, 2003) |
"Epilepsy is a common condition in people with learning disabilities with many patients continuing to suffer from seizures despite antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment." | 1.30 | A naturalistic study of the use of vigabatrin, lamotrigine and gabapentin in adults with learning disabilities. ( Bhaumik, S; Branford, D; Duggirala, C; Ismail, IA, 1997) |
"Lamotrigine caused increased seizures in 24% of patients, especially when prescribed at a higher dose." | 1.30 | A naturalistic study of the use of vigabatrin, lamotrigine and gabapentin in adults with learning disabilities. ( Bhaumik, S; Branford, D; Duggirala, C; Ismail, IA, 1997) |
" In the test of physical dependence-producing potential with the drug-admixed food method in rats, vigabatrin and diazepam were given to rats mixed with food for 28 days in an increasing dosage schedule, followed by feeding a drug-free diet to observe withdrawal signs for 7 days." | 1.30 | Drug dependence study on vigabatrin in rhesus monkeys and rats. ( Takada, K; Yanagita, T, 1997) |
"Vigabatrin proved to be a potent anticonvulsant drug at acute doses (100-200 mg/kg), but during chronic administration, the anticonvulsant activity of the treatment was lost already in the second week of treatment." | 1.28 | Development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of vigabatrin in amygdala-kindled rats. ( Löscher, W; Rundfeldt, C, 1992) |
"Buspirone is a clinically effective anxiolytic with a unique structure and pharmacology which distinguishes it from the benzodiazepines." | 1.27 | Neuropharmacology of buspirone. ( Eison, AS; Eison, MS; Riblet, LA; Taylor, DP; Temple, DL; VanderMaelen, CP, 1984) |
" Prevention is easy if treatment is gradually rather than abruptly withdrawn in all patients who receive the compound in high dosage for more than one month." | 1.26 | [Benzodiazepine physical dependence. 6 cases (author's transl)]. ( Bismuth, C; Dally, S; Lagier, G; Le Bellec, M, 1980) |
"Rats exposed to chronic intake of sodium barbital maintained high circulating levels of barbital in blood and brain and exhibited increased sensitivity ot audiogenic convulsions during the withdrawal period." | 1.26 | Changes in brain levels of cyclic nucleotides and gamma-aminobutyric acid in barbiturate dependence and withdrawal. ( Hawkins, TD; Kant, GJ; Lenox, RH; Meyerhoff, JL; Wray, HL, 1979) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 25 (14.97) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 19 (11.38) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 36 (21.56) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 74 (44.31) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 13 (7.78) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Tran, MN | 1 |
Maynard, KR | 1 |
Spangler, A | 1 |
Huuki, LA | 1 |
Montgomery, KD | 1 |
Sadashivaiah, V | 1 |
Tippani, M | 1 |
Barry, BK | 1 |
Hancock, DB | 1 |
Hicks, SC | 1 |
Kleinman, JE | 1 |
Hyde, TM | 1 |
Collado-Torres, L | 1 |
Jaffe, AE | 1 |
Martinowich, K | 1 |
Subramaniam, P | 1 |
Prescot, A | 1 |
McGlade, E | 1 |
Renshaw, P | 1 |
Yurgelun-Todd, D | 1 |
Di Ciano, P | 1 |
Hendershot, CS | 1 |
Le Foll, B | 1 |
Wainblat, E | 1 |
Weleff, J | 1 |
Anand, A | 1 |
Burkat, PM | 1 |
Nudmamud-Thanoi, S | 1 |
Veerasakul, S | 1 |
Thanoi, S | 1 |
Kokane, SS | 1 |
Armant, RJ | 1 |
Bolaños-Guzmán, CA | 1 |
Perrotti, LI | 1 |
Kupats, E | 1 |
Vrublevska, J | 1 |
Zvejniece, B | 1 |
Vavers, E | 1 |
Stelfa, G | 1 |
Zvejniece, L | 1 |
Dambrova, M | 1 |
Barker, JS | 1 |
Hines, RM | 1 |
López-Gambero, AJ | 1 |
Rodríguez de Fonseca, F | 2 |
Suárez, J | 2 |
Mash, JE | 1 |
Leo, RJ | 1 |
Li, X | 1 |
Slesinger, PA | 1 |
Doyno, CR | 1 |
White, CM | 1 |
Peckham, AM | 2 |
Fairman, KA | 2 |
Sclar, DA | 2 |
Buttram, ME | 1 |
Kurtz, SP | 1 |
Dart, RC | 1 |
Margolin, ZR | 1 |
Joshi, YB | 1 |
Friend, SF | 1 |
Jimenez, B | 1 |
Steiger, LR | 1 |
Schulte, MHJ | 1 |
Kaag, AM | 1 |
Wiers, RW | 1 |
Schmaal, L | 1 |
van den Brink, W | 1 |
Reneman, L | 1 |
Homberg, JR | 1 |
van Wingen, GA | 1 |
Goudriaan, AE | 1 |
Heeren, N | 1 |
Farver, D | 1 |
Bonnet, U | 2 |
Scherbaum, N | 3 |
Puhl, MD | 1 |
Desai, RI | 1 |
Takagi, S | 1 |
Presti, KT | 1 |
Doyle, MR | 1 |
Donahue, RJ | 1 |
Landino, SM | 1 |
Bergman, J | 1 |
Carlezon, WA | 1 |
Coyle, JT | 1 |
Throckmorton, DC | 1 |
Gottlieb, S | 1 |
Woodcock, J | 1 |
Richter, EL | 1 |
Isbruch, K | 1 |
Tomko, JR | 1 |
Prasad, KM | 1 |
Kubas, S | 1 |
Simpson, T | 1 |
Moreno, M | 1 |
Decara, J | 1 |
Pavon, FJ | 1 |
Stouffer, DG | 2 |
Edwards, S | 1 |
Serrano, A | 1 |
Parsons, LH | 2 |
Hardman, MI | 1 |
Sprung, J | 1 |
Weingarten, TN | 1 |
Jouney, EA | 1 |
Konen, C | 1 |
Niederst, E | 1 |
Westin, AA | 3 |
Bramness, JG | 2 |
Chalabianloo, F | 2 |
Rygnestad, T | 1 |
Slørdal, L | 2 |
Cruz, MT | 1 |
Bajo, M | 1 |
Schweitzer, P | 1 |
Roberto, M | 2 |
Kumar, K | 1 |
Sharma, S | 1 |
Kumar, P | 2 |
Deshmukh, R | 1 |
Grosshans, M | 2 |
Lemenager, T | 1 |
Vollmert, C | 1 |
Kaemmerer, N | 1 |
Schreiner, R | 1 |
Mutschler, J | 2 |
Wagner, X | 1 |
Kiefer, F | 2 |
Hermann, D | 2 |
Rohman, L | 1 |
Hebron, A | 1 |
Bodén, R | 1 |
Wettermark, B | 1 |
Brandt, L | 1 |
Kieler, H | 1 |
Baird, CR | 1 |
Fox, P | 1 |
Colvin, LA | 1 |
Oulis, P | 3 |
Kalogerakou, S | 1 |
Anyfandi, E | 1 |
Konstantakopoulos, G | 3 |
Papakosta, VM | 1 |
Masdrakis, V | 1 |
Tsaltas, E | 1 |
Howland, RH | 2 |
O'Connell, CW | 1 |
Schneir, AB | 1 |
Hwang, JQ | 1 |
Cantrell, FL | 1 |
Schifano, F | 3 |
Cho, YW | 1 |
Song, ML | 1 |
Häkkinen, M | 1 |
Vuori, E | 1 |
Kalso, E | 1 |
Gergov, M | 1 |
Ojanperä, I | 1 |
Papazisis, G | 1 |
Tzachanis, D | 1 |
Aligny, C | 1 |
Roux, C | 1 |
Dourmap, N | 1 |
Ramdani, Y | 1 |
Do-Rego, JC | 1 |
Jégou, S | 1 |
Leroux, P | 1 |
Leroux-Nicollet, I | 1 |
Marret, S | 1 |
Gonzalez, BJ | 1 |
Davydova, TV | 1 |
Vetrile, LA | 1 |
Nevidimova, TI | 1 |
Vetlugina, TP | 1 |
Fomina, VG | 1 |
Zakharova, IA | 1 |
Batukhtina, EI | 1 |
Bokhan, NA | 1 |
Jonsson, B | 1 |
Backman, E | 1 |
Salmonson, H | 1 |
Höjer, J | 1 |
Kumar, M | 1 |
González, LA | 1 |
Dillon, GH | 1 |
Smith, RV | 2 |
Lofwall, MR | 1 |
Havens, JR | 2 |
Moeller, SJ | 1 |
London, ED | 1 |
Northoff, G | 1 |
Owen, DR | 1 |
Wood, DM | 1 |
Archer, JR | 1 |
Dargan, PI | 1 |
Mersfelder, TL | 1 |
Nichols, WH | 1 |
Barker, DJ | 1 |
Root, DH | 1 |
Zhang, S | 1 |
Morales, M | 1 |
Izumi, Y | 1 |
Zorumski, CF | 1 |
Bastiaens, L | 1 |
Galus, J | 1 |
Mazur, C | 1 |
Mariani, JJ | 1 |
Malcolm, RJ | 2 |
Mamczur, AK | 1 |
Choi, JC | 1 |
Brady, R | 1 |
Nunes, E | 1 |
Levin, FR | 1 |
Walsh, SL | 1 |
Chiappini, S | 1 |
Evoy, KE | 1 |
Morrison, MD | 1 |
Saklad, SR | 1 |
Ferré, S | 1 |
Quiroz, C | 1 |
Woods, AS | 1 |
Cunha, R | 1 |
Popoli, P | 1 |
Ciruela, F | 1 |
Lluis, C | 1 |
Franco, R | 1 |
Azdad, K | 1 |
Schiffmann, SN | 1 |
Forde, G | 1 |
Stanos, S | 1 |
Apgar, BS | 1 |
Uhart, M | 1 |
Wand, GS | 1 |
Heberlein, A | 1 |
Bleich, S | 1 |
Kornhuber, J | 1 |
Hillemacher, T | 1 |
Schjøtt, J | 1 |
Mondón, S | 1 |
Nogué, S | 1 |
Urbano, D | 1 |
Rovira, E | 1 |
Xi, ZX | 1 |
Gardner, EL | 1 |
Kruszewski, SP | 1 |
Paczynski, RP | 1 |
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Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Erenumab as a Therapeutic Approach for the Management of Painful Chronic Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)[NCT05162027] | Phase 2 | 5 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-04-01 | Terminated (stopped due to Low enrollment rate) | ||
Efficacy of Gabapentin for Post-Covid-19 Olfactory Dysfunction[NCT05184192] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-10 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Gabapentin for the Treatment of Benzodiazepine Abuse in Methadone Maintenance Patients[NCT00420771] | Phase 2 | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
Gabapentin Regimens and Their Effects on Opioid Consumption[NCT03334903] | Phase 4 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-05-15 | Completed | ||
Pharmacogenetic Treatment With Anti-Glutaminergic Agents for Comorbid PTSD & AUD[NCT02884908] | Phase 3 | 252 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
A Post Marketing Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Endourage Complete Spectrum Oral Mucosal Drops (OMD) in Adults Desiring a Reduction in Ethanol Use[NCT04659278] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-09-30 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Study has been placed on hold) | |||
fMRI Study of a Dual Process Treatment Protocol With Substance Dependent Adults[NCT01320748] | 29 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-02-28 | Completed | |||
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] |
Comparing the mean reduction change in Benzodiazepine use per day when comparing the baseline week prior to study entry to the last week of study participation based on the Time Line Follow Back (NCT00420771)
Timeframe: data collected during 8 weeks of trial or length of participation
Intervention | milligrams/day (Mean) |
---|---|
Active Medication | 4.0 |
Placebo | 2.3 |
Surgical site pain. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months after surgery (at 2nd postoperative appointment)
Intervention | score on 10-point scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Standard of Care | 2.26 |
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen | 2.46 |
Surgical site pain. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).
Intervention | score on a 10-point scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Standard of Care | 3.84 |
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen | 3.54 |
Sleep quality. Scale 0-10 with 0 worst and 10 best. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).
Intervention | score on a 10-point scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Standard of Care | 5.73 |
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen | 6.38 |
Nausea. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).
Intervention | score on a 10-point scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Standard of Care | 0.36 |
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen | 0.17 |
Satisfaction. Scale 0-10 with 0 worst and 10 best. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).
Intervention | score on a 10-point scale (Mean) |
---|---|
Standard of Care | 7.83 |
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen | 8.48 |
Number of days until patients are finished consuming opioid medications after discharge. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).
Intervention | days (Mean) |
---|---|
Standard of Care | 14.8 |
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen | 18.7 |
Mean opioid consumption, measured in mg of morphine equivalents. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (total amount measured at second postoperative appointment; means assessed afterwards).
Intervention | morphine equivalents (Mean) |
---|---|
Standard of Care | 287.0 |
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen | 281.1 |
57 reviews available for gamma-aminobutyric acid and Chemical Dependence
Article | Year |
---|---|
Therapeutic Potential of Histamine H3 Receptors in Substance Use Disorders.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autoreceptors; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dopamine; Ethanol; gamma-A | 2022 |
Pharmacogenetics of drug dependence: Polymorphisms of genes involved in GABA neurotransmission.
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Recepto | 2020 |
Overlap in the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine abuse and its use as an antidepressant.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Cholinergic Neurons; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depressive Disorder, | 2020 |
Safety and Tolerability of the Anxiolytic and Nootropic Drug Phenibut: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Case Reports.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Nootropic Agents; Substance-Related Disorders | 2020 |
Regulation of GABA
Topics: Animals; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Protein Subunits; Receptors, G | 2020 |
Energy sensors in drug addiction: A potential therapeutic target.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Brain; Dopamine; Dopaminergic Neurons; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rec | 2021 |
How addictive are gabapentin and pregabalin? A systematic review.
Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Behavior, Addictive; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Databases, Bibliographic; Drug | 2017 |
On the addictive power of gabapentinoids: a mini-review.
Topics: Adult; Amines; Animals; Comorbidity; Craving; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobu | 2018 |
Acute phenibut withdrawal: A comprehensive literature review and illustrative case report.
Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Baclofen; Cyproheptadine; Dexmedetomidine; Diphenhydramine; GABA-A Receptor | 2019 |
Phenibut (β-Phenyl-γ-Aminobutyric Acid): an Easily Obtainable "Dietary Supplement" With Propensities for Physical Dependence and Addiction.
Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Dietary Supplements; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; | 2019 |
Shared mechanisms of alcohol and other drugs.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cannabinoids; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hu | 2008 |
Therapeutic potential of GABA(B) receptor ligands in drug addiction, anxiety, depression and other CNS disorders.
Topics: Anxiety; Central Nervous System Diseases; Depression; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Huma | 2013 |
Gabapentin for the treatment of substance use disorders.
Topics: Amines; Antimanic Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; | 2013 |
Misuse and abuse of pregabalin and gabapentin: cause for concern?
Topics: Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; Prescr | 2014 |
Pregabalin's abuse potential: a mini review focusing on the pharmacological profile.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Addictive; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Neurons; Practice Pattern | 2014 |
Neuroimaging markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in drug addiction: Relationships to resting-state functional connectivity.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Neuroimaging; Substan | 2016 |
Gabapentin: Abuse, Dependence, and Withdrawal.
Topics: Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Substance Abuse Tr | 2016 |
Gabapentin: Abuse, Dependence, and Withdrawal.
Topics: Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Substance Abuse Tr | 2016 |
Gabapentin: Abuse, Dependence, and Withdrawal.
Topics: Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Substance Abuse Tr | 2016 |
Gabapentin: Abuse, Dependence, and Withdrawal.
Topics: Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Substance Abuse Tr | 2016 |
Multiplexed neurochemical signaling by neurons of the ventral tegmental area.
Topics: Animals; Behavior; Depression; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Habenula; Humans; Neurons; Neurotr | 2016 |
Gabapentin misuse, abuse and diversion: a systematic review.
Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Prescr | 2016 |
Abuse and Misuse of Pregabalin and Gabapentin.
Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Overdose; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; | 2017 |
An update on adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor interactions: implications for the function of G protein-coupled receptors.
Topics: Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Basal | 2008 |
Practical management strategies for the chronic pain patient.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Amines; Analgesics; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Carbamazepine; Chro | 2007 |
Stress, alcohol and drug interaction: an update of human research.
Topics: Alcoholism; Allostasis; Animals; Arousal; Brain; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cues; Dopamine; ga | 2009 |
[Benzodiazepine dependence: causalities and treatment options].
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypnotic | 2009 |
[Pregabalin and its potential for abuse].
Topics: Analgesics; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders | 2009 |
Hypothesis-driven medication discovery for the treatment of psychostimulant addiction.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine-Related | 2008 |
Pregabalin in the treatment of alcohol and benzodiazepines dependence.
Topics: Alcoholism; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; Substance | 2010 |
Emergent pharmacology of conscious experience: new perspectives in substance addiction.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Consciousness; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Models, Neurologica | 2011 |
Discovering a new anatomical structure in the brain: implications for neuropsychiatry and therapy.
Topics: Animals; Arousal; Brain; Brain Mapping; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dopamine; Drug Deliver | 2011 |
Novel therapeutic strategies for alcohol and drug addiction: focus on GABA, ion channels and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Topics: Alcoholism; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Ion Channels; Substance-Related Disord | 2012 |
Alcohol and drugs in epilepsy: pathophysiology, presentation, possibilities, and prevention.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures; Alcoholism; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Benzodiaze | 2012 |
Cognitive impairment in substance abuse.
Topics: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Amphetamines; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cognition Disorders; Eth | 2004 |
Mapping of chemical trigger zones for reward.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Brain Mapping; Carbachol; Dopamine; Drug Delivery S | 2004 |
Gene-environment interplay in alcoholism and other substance abuse disorders: expressions of heritability and factors influencing vulnerability.
Topics: Alcoholism; Biogenic Monoamines; Event-Related Potentials, P300; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pe | 2004 |
Unravelling the brain targets of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Epilepsy, Absence; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hydrox | 2006 |
The roles of cannabinoid and dopamine receptor systems in neural emotional learning circuits: implications for schizophrenia and addiction.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Arachidonic Acids; Association Learning; Cannabinoids; Centr | 2006 |
The interaction of neuroactive steroids and GABA in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in women.
Topics: Affect; Depression, Postpartum; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Menstruation; Mental Disord | 2006 |
The neurobiology and genetics of impulse control disorders: relationships to drug addictions.
Topics: Animals; Decision Making; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Dopamine; Endorphins; | 2008 |
Monoamine transporters and psychostimulant addiction.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Conditioning, Operant; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transpor | 2008 |
Microdialysis and the neurochemistry of addiction.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Microdialysis; Neuronal Plasticity; Serot | 2008 |
Chemical structure and biological activity of the diazepines.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aggression; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior | 1983 |
[Phencyclidine, a drug which induces psychosis: its neuropharmacological actions].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Binding Sites; Brain; Cats; Dogs; Dopamine; Drug Tolerance | 1984 |
Morphine and its psychiatric implications.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety, Separation; Cathexis; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulatio | 1994 |
Synaptic regulation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurons.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Dopamine; Excitatory Amino Acids; gamma-Aminobutyr | 1996 |
The gamma-hydroxybutyrate signalling system in brain: organization and functional implications.
Topics: Animals; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Mammals; Models, Neurological; Rats; Receptors, GAB | 1997 |
Drug abuse and alcoholism. Overview.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Cocaine; Dopamine; Emotions; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Membrane G | 1998 |
Circuits, drugs, and drug addiction.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Benzazepines; Brain; Cocaine; Dextroamphetamine; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Aci | 1998 |
Gabapentin: a review of published experience in the treatment of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric conditions.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Bipolar Disorder; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapenti | 1999 |
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ and drugs of abuse.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior; Brain; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; G | 2000 |
GABA(B) receptor agonists for the treatment of drug addiction: a review of recent findings.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Dopamine; GABA Agonists; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid | 2002 |
Isolation and characterization of membrane drug receptors.
Topics: Animals; Drug Tolerance; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucagon; Glycine; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resist | 1976 |
gamma-aminobutyric acid in alcohol, barbiturate and morphine dependence: a review.
Topics: Alcoholism; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Barbiturates; Brain; Ethanol; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; | 1977 |
Roles of serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid in opioid effects.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Body Temperature Regulation; Drug Tolerance; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Amin | 1979 |
Neurochemical actions of CCK underlying the therapeutic potential of CCK-B antagonists.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Brain; Cholecystokinin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Indoles; Meg | 1991 |
Barbiturates and the GABAA receptor complex.
Topics: Animals; Barbiturates; Drug Tolerance; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Receptors, GABA-A; Substance | 1990 |
The GABA system in functional tolerance and dependence following barbiturates, benzodiazepines or ethanol--correlation or causality?
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Barbiturates; Benzodiazepines; Drug Tolerance; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Neurons | 1989 |
Control vs. lack of control over aversive stimuli: nonopioid-opioid analgesic consequences.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Electroshock; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Internal-External Control; Models | 1986 |
6 trials available for gamma-aminobutyric acid and Chemical Dependence
Article | Year |
---|---|
Effects of pregabalin in patients with hypnotic-dependent insomnia.
Topics: Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Middle Aged; Pregabalin; Sle | 2014 |
Pilot trial of gabapentin for the treatment of benzodiazepine abuse or dependence in methadone maintenance patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amines; Benzodiazepines; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclohexanecarboxylic A | 2016 |
Effects of pregabalin on subjective sleep disturbance symptoms during withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Benzodiazepines; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; | 2011 |
Subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of pregabalin alone and in combination with oxycodone in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2012 |
Gabapentin in the management of pentazocine dependence: a potent analgesic--anticraving agent.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxy | 2003 |
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of baclofen and gabapentin for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence.
Topics: Adult; Amines; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Baclofen; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cyclohexanecarboxyl | 2006 |
104 other studies available for gamma-aminobutyric acid and Chemical Dependence
Article | Year |
---|---|
Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis reveals cell-type-specific molecular signatures across reward circuitry in the human brain.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Cell Nucleus; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome-Wide | 2021 |
Examination of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in association with impulsive behavior in adolescent marijuana users.
Topics: Adolescent; Cannabis; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; | 2022 |
Management of Phenibut Use Disorder and Withdrawal in a Geriatric Patient.
Topics: Aged; Benzodiazepines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Substance-Rel | 2023 |
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling of alprazolam: Implications for anxiety and addiction.
Topics: Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Substance-Related Disorde | 2023 |
Phenibut: A Novel Nootropic With Abuse Potential.
Topics: Adult; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Nootropic Agents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Subst | 2020 |
GABA
Topics: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Receptors, GABA-B; Substance-Related D | 2022 |
Sedative-Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank.
Topics: Drug Overdose; Flunitrazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Oligopeptide | 2021 |
Prevalence of Gabapentin Abuse: Comparison with Agents with Known Abuse Potential in a Commercially Insured US Population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; | 2017 |
Law enforcement-derived data on gabapentin diversion and misuse, 2002-2015: diversion rates and qualitative research findings.
Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Data Collection; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobut | 2017 |
Dissociative Intoxication and Prolonged Withdrawal Associated With Phenibut: A Case Report.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; Delirium; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawa | 2017 |
Prefrontal Glx and GABA concentrations and impulsivity in cigarette smokers and smoking polysubstance users.
Topics: Cigarette Smoking; Cocaine-Related Disorders; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; | 2017 |
You Abused What? Getting High with Unique Medications.
Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Antidiarrheals; Antipsychotic Agents; Antitussive Agents; Cyclohexanecarbox | 2017 |
Policies to mitigate nonmedical use of prescription medications: how should emerging evidence of gabapentin misuse be addressed?
Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug and Narcotic Control; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminob | 2018 |
N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor co-agonist availability affects behavioral and neurochemical responses to cocaine: insights into comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Comorbidity; Dopamine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutam | 2019 |
The FDA and the Next Wave of Drug Abuse - Proactive Pharmacovigilance.
Topics: Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Utilization | 2018 |
The Association of Gabapentin Use and Dose With Substance Use Disorders Prior to Inpatient Mental Health Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Adult; Amines; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 2018 |
Cannabinoid dependence induces sustained changes in GABA release in the globus pallidus without affecting dopamine release in the dorsal striatum: A dual microdialysis probe study.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Benzoxazines; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cannabinoids; | 2018 |
Special Issue on Disease: New Advances in Psychiatry.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebellum; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric | 2019 |
[Pregabalin should be moved to the prescription group B].
Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Drug and Narcotic Control; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; | 2013 |
Pregabalin abuse among opiate addicted patients.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opiate Substitution T | 2013 |
Acute dystonic reaction caused by gabapentin.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Amines; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dystonia; Gabapentin | 2014 |
Factors associated with pregabalin dispensing at higher than the approved maximum dose.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Child; Drug Prescriptions; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hum | 2014 |
Gabapentinoid abuse in order to potentiate the effect of methadone: a survey among substance misusers.
Topics: Amines; Behavior, Addictive; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Data Collection; Drug Synergism; Gabapenti | 2014 |
Cognitive effects of pregabalin in the treatment of long-term benzodiazepine-use and dependence.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Central Nervous System Agents; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Female; Follow-Up St | 2014 |
Gabapentin: can it be misused?
Topics: Amines; Controlled Substances; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric A | 2014 |
Phenibut, the appearance of another potentially dangerous product in the United States.
Topics: Adult; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Substance-Related Disorders; | 2014 |
Profiles of pregabalin and gabapentin abuse by postmortem toxicology.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Chromatography, Liquid; Cyclohe | 2014 |
Ketamine alters cortical integration of GABAergic interneurons and induces long-term sex-dependent impairments in transgenic Gad67-GFP mice.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Calcium; Cell Differentiation; Cerebral Cortex; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; | 2014 |
Ratio of antibodies to neurotransmitters in the serum of students, occasional drug users.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autoantibodies; Dopamine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; | 2014 |
Injection of crushed tablets--a prospective observational study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azabicyclo Compounds; Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine; C-Reactive Protein; Female; | 2014 |
Assessment of subunit-dependent direct gating and allosteric modulatory effects of carisoprodol at GABA(A) receptors.
Topics: Carisoprodol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; HEK293 Cells; | 2015 |
Abuse and diversion of gabapentin among nonmedical prescription opioid users in Appalachian Kentucky.
Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; | 2015 |
Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid): Availability, prevalence of use, desired effects and acute toxicity.
Topics: Adult; Female; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male; Middle Aged; Pre | 2016 |
GABA and Endocannabinoids Mediate Depotentiation of Schaffer Collateral Synapses Induced by Stimulation of Temperoammonic Inputs.
Topics: Animals; Brain; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Cognition Disorders; Endocannabin | 2016 |
Abuse of Gabapentin is Associated with Opioid Addiction.
Topics: Adult; Amines; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Comorbidity; Criminals; Cyclohexanecar | 2016 |
A Decade of Gabapentinoid Misuse: An Analysis of the European Medicines Agency's 'Suspected Adverse Drug Reactions' Database.
Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Behavior, Addictive; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Databases, Fact | 2016 |
Challenges of fragmented care in long-term management of pelvic pain.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Amines; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Chr | 2007 |
[Gabapentin abuse].
Topics: Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric | 2010 |
Gabapentin-induced delirium and dependence.
Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Delirium; Gabapentin; gamma-Am | 2009 |
Genetic, personality, and environmental predictors of drug use in adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Depression; Dopamine; Family; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene | 2010 |
Pregabalin treatment of anxiety in patients with substance use disorders.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; Substance-Related Disorde | 2010 |
First evidence that drugs of abuse produce behavioral sensitization and cross sensitization in planarians.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relat | 2010 |
A signal for an abuse liability for pregabalin--results from the Swedish spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting system.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Algorithms; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; | 2010 |
Pregabalin abuse, dependence, and withdrawal: a case report.
Topics: Alcoholism; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pregaba | 2010 |
[Abuse of pregabalin].
Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; Substance-Related Disorder | 2010 |
Earlier discovery of pregabalin's dependence potential might have been possible.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Analgesics; Databases, Factual; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hu | 2011 |
[Yes, pregabalin can be abused!].
Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; Substance-Related Disorder | 2010 |
Potential for pregabalin abuse or diversion after past drug-seeking behavior.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Behavior, Addictive; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; | 2010 |
Gabapentin blocks methamphetamine-induced sensitization and conditioned place preference via inhibition of α₂/δ-1 subunits of the voltage-gated calcium channels.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain; Calcium Channels; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cond | 2011 |
Is there a recreational misuse potential for pregabalin? Analysis of anecdotal online reports in comparison with related gabapentin and clonazepam data.
Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Clonazepam; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dose-Resp | 2011 |
[The prescription registry and abuse of pregabalin].
Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Drug Utilization; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Norway; Pregabalin; | 2011 |
[To misunderstand about pregabalin abuse].
Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Drug Utilization; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Norway; Pregabalin; | 2011 |
[Clarification about pregabalin and the Norwegian Prescription Database].
Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Drug Utilization; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; Registri | 2011 |
Pregabalin in the treatment of refractory bipolar disorders.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pregabalin; Substance-Related | 2012 |
[Lyrical tragedy].
Topics: Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Neuralgia; Pregabalin; Risk Factors; S | 2012 |
Pregabalin in clinical psychiatry and addiction: pros and cons.
Topics: Alcoholism; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Calcium Channels; gamma-Aminobutyri | 2012 |
Gabapentin and pregabalin: abuse and addiction.
Topics: Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Pregabalin; Substa | 2012 |
Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolism in mouse brain under chronic nicotine exposure: implications for addiction.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Male; M | 2012 |
Pregabalin abuse and dependence in Germany: results from a database query.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Analgesics; Anti-Anxiety Agents; A | 2013 |
[Potentially addictive drugs on reimbursable prescription for chronic severe pain].
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Chronic Pain; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Utilization; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hum | 2013 |
Phenibut dependence.
Topics: Adult; Baclofen; GABA-B Receptor Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; | 2013 |
GABA systems, benzodiazepines, and substance dependence.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Benzodiazepines; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypno | 2003 |
Three cases of zolpidem dependence treated with fluoxetine: the serotonin hypothesis.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fluoxetine; GABA Agonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; Pyridines; Selectiv | 2003 |
Gabapentin for the treatment of ethanol withdrawal.
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Central Nerv | 2003 |
Hyperalgesic effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter I in mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2003 |
The 16th Annual Meeting of the Winter Conference on Neural Plasticity. St. Lucia, West Indies. February 21-28, 2004.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression; | 2004 |
Increased GABA release in the central amygdala of ethanol-dependent rats.
Topics: Alcoholism; Amygdala; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Elect | 2004 |
Endocannabinoids regulate interneuron migration and morphogenesis by transactivating the TrkB receptor.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Cell | 2005 |
Abuse, dependency and withdrawal with gabapentin: a first case report.
Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Amines; Antimanic Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-A | 2007 |
Opioids block long-term potentiation of inhibitory synapses.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcium; Cyclic GMP; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; In Vitro Techni | 2007 |
Open-label study of a proprietary treatment program targeting type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor dysregulation in methamphetamine dependence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Flumazenil; Gabapentin; gamma- | 2007 |
Altered expression of genes involved in ATP biosynthesis and GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral prefrontal cortex of suicides with and without major depression.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Di | 2009 |
Pregabalin in the discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepines' use.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Cognition; Fe | 2008 |
gamma-Aminobutyric acid-ergic analgesia: implications for gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic therapy for drug addictions.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Endorphins; GABA Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hum | 1984 |
[Benzodiazepine physical dependence. 6 cases (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Dreams; Electroencephalography; Female; gamma-Ami | 1980 |
Long term use and abuse of benzodiazepines.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Benzodiazepines; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; | 1980 |
Antagonists of benzodiazepines: functional aspects.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepinones; Carbolines; Chlorides; Flumazenil; GABA Antagonists | 1983 |
Neuropharmacology of buspirone.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Biomechanical Phenomena; Buspirone; | 1984 |
[Suppression of the opiate withdrawal syndrome with GABA analogs, low-dose psychotropic drugs and acupuncture].
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Male; | 1982 |
Glucocorticoid receptor activation potentiates the morphine-induced adaptive increase in dopamine D-1 receptor efficacy in gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons of rat striatum/nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Dexamethasone; Enzyme Activation; gamm | 1995 |
[Changes in GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex function in the pentobarbital-dependent rat].
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Down-Regulation; Drug Tolerance; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; In Vitro Te | 1995 |
[Changes in GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex function in the pentobarbital-dependent rat. II: Strain differences between Lewis and Wistar-Kyoto rats].
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Brain; Chlorine; Ethanol; Female; Flunitrazepam; GABA Antagonists; GABA Modula | 1995 |
Diazepam physical dependence and withdrawal in rats is associated with alteration in GABAA receptor function.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Cerebral Cortex; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Fluni | 1996 |
Glycyldodecylamide, a phencyclidine behavioral antagonist, blocks cortical glycine uptake: implications for schizophrenia and substance abuse.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; gamma-Aminobutyric | 1997 |
A naturalistic study of the use of vigabatrin, lamotrigine and gabapentin in adults with learning disabilities.
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Comorbidity; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dose-Respo | 1997 |
Gabapentin abuse in a cocaine user: implications for treatment?
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Crack Cocaine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabape | 1997 |
Drug dependence study on vigabatrin in rhesus monkeys and rats.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Barbital; Conditioning, Operant; Female; gamma-Aminobu | 1997 |
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: an endogenous neuromodulator with abuse potential?
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Opioid Peptides; Substance-Rel | 1999 |
5-HT receptor knockout mice: pharmacological tools or models of psychiatric disorders.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cocaine; Disease Models, Anim | 1999 |
GABA GABA A: modulating sensitivity to drugs and alcohol.
Topics: Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Receptors, GABA-A; Substance-Related Disorders | 2000 |
Gabapentin use in benzodiazepine dependence and detoxification.
Topics: Acetates; Alprazolam; Amines; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Excitatory Amino Aci | 2001 |
Psychic dependence? A different formulation of the problem with a view to the reorientation of therapy for chronic drug addiction.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Depression; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Hu | 1977 |
Changes in brain levels of cyclic nucleotides and gamma-aminobutyric acid in barbiturate dependence and withdrawal.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Barbital; Barbiturates; Brain; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; gamma-Aminobut | 1979 |
[Psychological dependence? A possible different formulation of the problem for a therapeutic rearrangement in chronic drug addictions].
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Piracetam; Substance-Related Diso | 1977 |
Physiologo-biochemical bases of drug dependence treatment by electro-acupuncture.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acupuncture Therapy; Catecholamines; Electric Stimulation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; H | 1979 |
[Gynecomastia during benzodiazepine abuse].
Topics: Diazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gynecomastia; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary Gland, Anterio | 1979 |
Changes of taurine content in the brain tissue of barbiturate-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Barbiturates; Brain Chemistry; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Humans; | 1978 |
Effects of the irreversible inhibition of GABA transaminase upon some morphine effects.
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Analgesia; Animals; Drug Tolerance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; H | 1979 |
Pharmacological manipulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in morphine analgesia, tolerance and physical dependence.
Topics: Alanine; Aminobutyrates; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Analgesia; Animals; Bicuculline; Biological Transport; | 1976 |
Development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of vigabatrin in amygdala-kindled rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminocaproates; Amygdala; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Admini | 1992 |
The effect of ethanol on 35S-TBPS binding to mouse brain membranes in the presence of chloride.
Topics: 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid; 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfo | 1989 |
From the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Human | 1989 |
Evidence for GABA tolerance in barbiturate-dependent and withdrawn mice.
Topics: Animals; Barbital; Barbiturates; Drug Tolerance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Imidazoles | 1985 |
[Short- and long-acting benzodiazepines].
Topics: Absorption; Benzodiazepines; Drug Tolerance; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Substance-Related Diso | 1988 |