gamma-aminobutyric acid and Bilateral Headache studies

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This randomised, double-blind study compared the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) gabapentin (GBP) and lamotrigine (LTG) as monotherapy in newly diagnosed epilepsy."	9.10	Gabapentin versus lamotrigine monotherapy: a double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy. ( Anhut, H; Brodie, MJ; Chadwick, DW; Garofalo, EA; Maton, S; Messmer, SL; Murray, G; Otte, A; Sauermann, W, 2002)
"Despite the inherent limitations of such a small open trial, the authors concluded that ratings of excellent and good by two thirds of this population of patients with chronic daily headache should encourage the setup of a large double-blind, multicentric, placebo-controlled trial of low doses of gabapentin for chronic daily headache."	9.09	Low doses of gabapentin may be helpful in the management of chronic daily headache. ( Carrazana, EJ; Fragoso, YD, 2000)
"To assess the efficacy and safety of low doses of gabapentin in cases of chronic daily headache."	9.09	Low doses of gabapentin may be helpful in the management of chronic daily headache. ( Carrazana, EJ; Fragoso, YD, 2000)
"Comorbid conditions are common among patients with fibromyalgia and their presence is not associated with altered pregabalin efficacy."	8.86	Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. ( Bhadra, P; Petersel, D, 2010)
"Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, randomized to placebo or 300, 450, or 600 mg/day pregabalin, and with ≥ 1 postbaseline pain score were included."	8.86	Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. ( Bhadra, P; Petersel, D, 2010)
"To provide a qualitative, systematic update and review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy in mood disorders, adverse effects, and costs of lamotrigine."	8.81	Lamotrigine update and its use in mood disorders. ( Hurley, SC, 2002)
"Headache is the most prevalent symptom of acute mountain sickness."	6.73	Low-dose gabapentin in treatment of high-altitude headache. ( Gorouhi, F; Jafarian, S; Lotfi, J; Salimi, S, 2007)
"Gabapentin was effective for the prevention of HAH and had satisfactory tolerability."	6.73	Gabapentin for prevention of hypobaric hypoxia-induced headache: randomized double-blind clinical trial. ( Abolfazli, R; Gorouhi, F; Jafarian, S; Lotfi, J; Rezaie, S, 2008)
" During 2- and 6-week titration periods, respectively, GBP dosage reached 1,800 mg/day, and LTG, 150 mg/day."	6.70	Gabapentin versus lamotrigine monotherapy: a double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy. ( Anhut, H; Brodie, MJ; Chadwick, DW; Garofalo, EA; Maton, S; Messmer, SL; Murray, G; Otte, A; Sauermann, W, 2002)
"Gabapentin has been successfully used for a variety of chronic pain conditions and therefore may be of use in the treatment of chronic headache."	6.69	Low doses of gabapentin may be helpful in the management of chronic daily headache. ( Carrazana, EJ; Fragoso, YD, 2000)
"Lamotrigine has positive effects on cognitive function, but occasionally produces insomnia."	6.41	Lamotrigine update and its use in mood disorders. ( Hurley, SC, 2002)
" A slow upward dose titration is recommended to reduce the incidence of serious rash, but this may delay the attainment of adequate dosage for 6 weeks."	6.41	Lamotrigine update and its use in mood disorders. ( Hurley, SC, 2002)
" However, narcotics can have significant adverse effects."	5.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
"GBP appears to be relatively safe and tolerable in SAH patients with headache and may be a useful narcotic-sparing agent to prevent narcotics-associated complications, such as gastrointestinal immobility, ileus, and constipation."	5.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
" GBP dosing was rapidly escalated within days of SAH up to a median of 1,200 mg/day, with a range of 300 mg three times a day to 900 mg three times a day."	5.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
"Severe headache was observed in all SAH patients."	5.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
"Headache after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is very common and is often described as the "worst headache imaginable."	5.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
"Gabapentin (Neurontin) was then started with improvement at 1800 mg per day."	5.31	SUNCT syndrome responsive to gabapentin (Neurontin). ( Graff-Radford, SB, 2000)
"This randomised, double-blind study compared the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) gabapentin (GBP) and lamotrigine (LTG) as monotherapy in newly diagnosed epilepsy."	5.10	Gabapentin versus lamotrigine monotherapy: a double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy. ( Anhut, H; Brodie, MJ; Chadwick, DW; Garofalo, EA; Maton, S; Messmer, SL; Murray, G; Otte, A; Sauermann, W, 2002)
"Despite the inherent limitations of such a small open trial, the authors concluded that ratings of excellent and good by two thirds of this population of patients with chronic daily headache should encourage the setup of a large double-blind, multicentric, placebo-controlled trial of low doses of gabapentin for chronic daily headache."	5.09	Low doses of gabapentin may be helpful in the management of chronic daily headache. ( Carrazana, EJ; Fragoso, YD, 2000)
"To assess the efficacy and safety of low doses of gabapentin in cases of chronic daily headache."	5.09	Low doses of gabapentin may be helpful in the management of chronic daily headache. ( Carrazana, EJ; Fragoso, YD, 2000)
"Fifty patients with refractory partial seizures took part in a prospective, observational study of adjuvant gabapentin (GBP) in increasing doses."	5.08	High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients. ( Brodie, MJ; Forrest, G; Sills, GJ; Wilson, EA, 1998)
"Patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, randomized to placebo or 300, 450, or 600 mg/day pregabalin, and with ≥ 1 postbaseline pain score were included."	4.86	Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. ( Bhadra, P; Petersel, D, 2010)
"Comorbid conditions are common among patients with fibromyalgia and their presence is not associated with altered pregabalin efficacy."	4.86	Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. ( Bhadra, P; Petersel, D, 2010)
"In recent years, anticonvulsant drugs (AEDs) have been considered promising drugs in the prevention of migraine and other forms of headache, based on their action on the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate."	4.82	Antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of chronic headaches. ( Agostoni, E; Frigerio, R; Santoro, P, 2003)
"To provide a qualitative, systematic update and review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy in mood disorders, adverse effects, and costs of lamotrigine."	4.81	Lamotrigine update and its use in mood disorders. ( Hurley, SC, 2002)
"Gabapentin (GBP) is a antiepileptic drug (AED) indicated as adjunct therapy for treatment of partial seizures, with and without secondary generalization, in patients 12 and older with epilepsy."	4.80	Gabapentin. ( Morris, GL, 1999)
"Case report on a patient with SUNCT-syndrome (short lasting, unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection, sweating, and rhinorrhoea) who was successfully treated with gabapentin."	3.72	[Case report on a patient with SUNCT-syndrome]. ( Brinkschmidt, T; Jensen, U; Neumeier, S, 2003)
"Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in cerebrospinal fluid were measured in seven patients with tension headache and 12 patients with migraine."	3.65	Cerebrospinal fluid gamma aminobutyric acid levels in migraine. ( Achar, VS; Bartosh, K; Chabi, E; Meyer, JS; Welch, KM, 1975)
" XP13512 immediate-release (up to 2800 mg single dose and 2100 mg twice daily) was well absorbed (>68%, based on urinary recovery of gabapentin), converted rapidly to gabapentin, and provided dose-proportional exposure, whereas absorption of oral gabapentin declined with increasing doses to <27% at 1200 mg."	2.73	Clinical pharmacokinetics of XP13512, a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin. ( Canafax, DM; Cundy, KC; Luo, W; Moors, TL; Sastry, S; Zou, J, 2008)
"Gabapentin was effective for the prevention of HAH and had satisfactory tolerability."	2.73	Gabapentin for prevention of hypobaric hypoxia-induced headache: randomized double-blind clinical trial. ( Abolfazli, R; Gorouhi, F; Jafarian, S; Lotfi, J; Rezaie, S, 2008)
"Headache is the most prevalent symptom of acute mountain sickness."	2.73	Low-dose gabapentin in treatment of high-altitude headache. ( Gorouhi, F; Jafarian, S; Lotfi, J; Salimi, S, 2007)
" XP13512 may therefore provide more predictable gabapentin exposure and decreased dosing frequency."	2.73	Clinical pharmacokinetics of XP13512, a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin. ( Canafax, DM; Cundy, KC; Luo, W; Moors, TL; Sastry, S; Zou, J, 2008)
" During 2- and 6-week titration periods, respectively, GBP dosage reached 1,800 mg/day, and LTG, 150 mg/day."	2.70	Gabapentin versus lamotrigine monotherapy: a double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy. ( Anhut, H; Brodie, MJ; Chadwick, DW; Garofalo, EA; Maton, S; Messmer, SL; Murray, G; Otte, A; Sauermann, W, 2002)
"Gabapentin doses >1,800 mg/day were as well tolerated as doses < or =1,800 mg/day and were not associated with more adverse events."	2.69	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin as adjunctive therapy in a large, multicenter study. ( Bernstein, P; Faught, RE; Holmes, GL; Magnus-Miller, L; McLean, MJ; Morrell, MJ; Privitera, MD; Rose-Legatt, A; Willmore, LJ, 1999)
"Gabapentin has been successfully used for a variety of chronic pain conditions and therefore may be of use in the treatment of chronic headache."	2.69	Low doses of gabapentin may be helpful in the management of chronic daily headache. ( Carrazana, EJ; Fragoso, YD, 2000)
" In six patients, including three taking 6000 mg daily, GBP concentrations continued to rise linearly at each dosage increment."	2.69	High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients. ( Brodie, MJ; Forrest, G; Sills, GJ; Wilson, EA, 1998)
"Fifty patients with refractory partial seizures took part in a prospective, observational study of adjuvant gabapentin (GBP) in increasing doses."	2.69	High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients. ( Brodie, MJ; Forrest, G; Sills, GJ; Wilson, EA, 1998)
" Two analyses of adverse events are presented: tolerability and safety."	2.69	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin as adjunctive therapy in a large, multicenter study. ( Bernstein, P; Faught, RE; Holmes, GL; Magnus-Miller, L; McLean, MJ; Morrell, MJ; Privitera, MD; Rose-Legatt, A; Willmore, LJ, 1999)
" Within these 281 patients, two mutually exclusive groups were compared (a) those reporting adverse events at only < or =1,800 mg/day (low dose); and (b) those reporting adverse events at only >1,800 mg/day (high dose)."	2.69	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin as adjunctive therapy in a large, multicenter study. ( Bernstein, P; Faught, RE; Holmes, GL; Magnus-Miller, L; McLean, MJ; Morrell, MJ; Privitera, MD; Rose-Legatt, A; Willmore, LJ, 1999)
"Most of the reports of headache in GBS place it in the context of the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) which is increasingly recognized as a likely dysautonomia-related GBS complication."	2.52	Headache and Pain in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. ( Farmakidis, C; Herskovitz, S; Inan, S; Milstein, M, 2015)
"Gabapentin is a reasonable first-line choice, and opioid medications can be added for more severe pain but there are few clinical trials to inform specific recommendations."	2.52	Headache and Pain in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. ( Farmakidis, C; Herskovitz, S; Inan, S; Milstein, M, 2015)
"Pediatric migraine can cause a significant impact on quality of life."	2.45	[Antiepileptic drugs for the prevention of pediatric migraine]. ( Cuvellier, JC, 2009)
"Neuropathic cranial pain, i."	2.42	Neuropathic cranial pain. ( Annovazzi, PO; Colombo, B; Comi, G, 2003)
" A slow upward dose titration is recommended to reduce the incidence of serious rash, but this may delay the attainment of adequate dosage for 6 weeks."	2.41	Lamotrigine update and its use in mood disorders. ( Hurley, SC, 2002)
"Lamotrigine has positive effects on cognitive function, but occasionally produces insomnia."	2.41	Lamotrigine update and its use in mood disorders. ( Hurley, SC, 2002)
"Gabapentin (GBP) is a antiepileptic drug (AED) indicated as adjunct therapy for treatment of partial seizures, with and without secondary generalization, in patients 12 and older with epilepsy."	2.40	Gabapentin. ( Morris, GL, 1999)
"Treatment outcomes for migraine and other chronic headache and pain conditions typically demonstrate modest results."	1.62	Increased GABA+ in People With Migraine, Headache, and Pain Conditions- A Potential Marker of Pain. ( Aguila, MR; Foster, S; Galloway, G; Leaver, AM; Ng, K; Oeltzschner, G; Peek, AL; Puts, NA; Rebbeck, T; Refshauge, K; Sterling, M, 2021)
"Many migraine sufferers use daily prophylactic therapy to reduce the frequency of their headache attacks."	1.43	Using a graphical risk tool to examine willingness to take migraine prophylactic medications. ( Golding, AN; Houle, TT; Turner, DP, 2016)
"The map reflected 4 restricted areas of mechanical hyperalgesia confined just to the painful areas."	1.42	Pressure pain sensitivity map of multifocal nummular headache: a case report. ( Barón, J; Carreres, A; Cuadrado, ML; Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C; Guerrero, AL; Herrero-Velázquez, S; Madeleine, P; Rodríguez, C; Rodríguez-Valencia, E; Ruiz, M, 2015)
"Treatment with gabapentin achieved complete remission."	1.42	Pressure pain sensitivity map of multifocal nummular headache: a case report. ( Barón, J; Carreres, A; Cuadrado, ML; Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C; Guerrero, AL; Herrero-Velázquez, S; Madeleine, P; Rodríguez, C; Rodríguez-Valencia, E; Ruiz, M, 2015)
"Headache after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is very common and is often described as the "worst headache imaginable."	1.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
" GBP dosing was rapidly escalated within days of SAH up to a median of 1,200 mg/day, with a range of 300 mg three times a day to 900 mg three times a day."	1.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
"GBP appears to be relatively safe and tolerable in SAH patients with headache and may be a useful narcotic-sparing agent to prevent narcotics-associated complications, such as gastrointestinal immobility, ileus, and constipation."	1.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
" However, narcotics can have significant adverse effects."	1.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
"Severe headache was observed in all SAH patients."	1.42	Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. ( Dhakal, LP; Freeman, WD; Hodge, DO; Mayes, M; Nagal, J; Nagel, J; Ng, LK; Richie, A, 2015)
"Occipital neuralgia is an extracranial pain that may be confused with other headaches."	1.33	Occipital neuralgia secondary to respiratory tract infection. ( Anagnostopoulou, S; Mourouzis, C; Rallis, G; Saranteas, T; Tesseromatis, C, 2005)
"Carbamazepine (300 mg/d) was required for pain control."	1.33	Occipital neuralgia secondary to respiratory tract infection. ( Anagnostopoulou, S; Mourouzis, C; Rallis, G; Saranteas, T; Tesseromatis, C, 2005)
"SUNCT, a still relatively unknown headache syndrome, is characterized by attacks of periorbital pain with accompanying ipsilateral autonomic symptoms."	1.32	[Case report on a patient with SUNCT-syndrome]. ( Brinkschmidt, T; Jensen, U; Neumeier, S, 2003)
"Gabapentin (Neurontin) was then started with improvement at 1800 mg per day."	1.31	SUNCT syndrome responsive to gabapentin (Neurontin). ( Graff-Radford, SB, 2000)
"GABA was detected only during the migraine attack."	1.25	Cerebrospinal fluid gamma aminobutyric acid levels in migraine. ( Achar, VS; Bartosh, K; Chabi, E; Meyer, JS; Welch, KM, 1975)

Research

Studies (39)

Authors

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) Total Scores at Week 14

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (2.56)	18.7374
1990's	6 (15.38)	18.2507
2000's	21 (53.85)	29.6817
2010's	10 (25.64)	24.3611
2020's	1 (2.56)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Peek, AL	1
Leaver, AM	1
Foster, S	1
Oeltzschner, G	1
Puts, NA	1
Galloway, G	1
Sterling, M	1
Ng, K	1
Refshauge, K	1
Aguila, MR	1
Rebbeck, T	1
Mah, L	1
Hart, M	1
Oshinsky, ML	1
Murphy, AL	1
Hekierski, H	1
Cooper, M	1
Simon, BJ	1
Iwanowski, P	1
Kozubski, W	1
Losy, J	1
Dhakal, LP	1
Hodge, DO	1
Nagel, J	1
Nagal, J	1
Mayes, M	1
Richie, A	1
Ng, LK	1
Freeman, WD	1
Rodríguez, C	1
Herrero-Velázquez, S	1
Ruiz, M	1
Barón, J	1
Carreres, A	1
Rodríguez-Valencia, E	1
Guerrero, AL	1
Madeleine, P	1
Cuadrado, ML	1
Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C	1
Farmakidis, C	1
Inan, S	1
Milstein, M	1
Herskovitz, S	1
Turner, DP	1
Golding, AN	1
Houle, TT	1
De Cesaris, F	1
Fanciullacci, M	1
Pietrini, U	1
Anselmi, B	1
Del Bene, E	1
Cundy, KC	1
Sastry, S	1
Luo, W	1
Zou, J	1
Moors, TL	1
Canafax, DM	1
Cuvellier, JC	1
Rossi, P	1
Tassorelli, C	1
Allena, M	1
Ferrante, E	1
Lisotto, C	1
Nappi, G	1
Bhadra, P	1
Petersel, D	1
Chen, WH	1
Li, TH	1
Lee, LH	1
Huang, CC	1
Brodie, MJ	2
Chadwick, DW	1
Anhut, H	1
Otte, A	1
Messmer, SL	1
Maton, S	1
Sauermann, W	1
Murray, G	1
Garofalo, EA	1
Neumeier, S	1
Brinkschmidt, T	1
Jensen, U	1
Burchell, BJ	1
Agostoni, E	1
Frigerio, R	1
Santoro, P	1
Colombo, B	1
Annovazzi, PO	1
Comi, G	1
França, MC	1
Costa, AL	1
Maciel, JA	1
Frediani, F	1
Mourouzis, C	1
Saranteas, T	1
Rallis, G	1
Anagnostopoulou, S	1
Tesseromatis, C	1
Wamsler, C	1
Schürmann, S	1
Dubbel, G	1
Blankenburg, M	1
Zernikow, B	1
Trucco, M	2
Mainardi, F	1
Perego, G	1
Zanchin, G	1
Jafarian, S	2
Gorouhi, F	2
Salimi, S	1
Lotfi, J	2
Paech, MJ	1
Goy, R	1
Chua, S	1
Scott, K	1
Christmas, T	1
Doherty, DA	1
Abolfazli, R	1
Rezaie, S	1
Bigal, ME	1
Hetherington, H	1
Pan, J	1
Tsang, A	1
Grosberg, B	1
Avdievich, N	1
Friedman, B	1
Lipton, RB	1
Wilson, EA	1
Sills, GJ	1
Forrest, G	1
García-Albea, E	1
McLean, MJ	1
Morrell, MJ	1
Willmore, LJ	1
Privitera, MD	1
Faught, RE	1
Holmes, GL	1
Magnus-Miller, L	1
Bernstein, P	1
Rose-Legatt, A	1
Gay, CT	1
Morris, GL	1
Graff-Radford, SB	1
Fragoso, YD	1
Carrazana, EJ	1
Hurley, SC	1
Welch, KM	1
Chabi, E	1
Bartosh, K	1
Achar, VS	1
Meyer, JS	1
Kowa, H	1
Shimomura, T	1
Takahashi, K	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Safety and Efficacy of Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Headache in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage[NCT04126408]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-13	Completed
The Effect Of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation On Sports Performance And Physiological Parameters In Healthy Young Individuals: Randomized, Double-Blind Study[NCT04768738]		46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-01	Completed
Nummular Headache Iberian Study on the Treatments and Outcomes in Real-World Setting[NCT05475769]		98 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-03-01	Recruiting
A 14-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Pregabalin Twice Daily In Patients With Fibromyalgia[NCT00230776]	Phase 3	740 participants	Interventional	2005-10-31	Completed
A 13-week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Monotherapy Trial of Pregabalin (BID) in Patients With Fibromyalgia[NCT00645398]	Phase 3	751 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
A 14 Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Pregabalin Twice Daily In Patients With Fibromyalgia.[NCT00333866]	Phase 3	747 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
A Multicentre, Double-blind, Randomized, Phase IV Clinical Trial Comparing the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Levetiracetam Versus Lamotrigine and Carbamazepine in the Oral Antiepileptic Therapy of Newly Diagnosed Elderly Patients With Focal Epileps[NCT00438451]	Phase 4	361 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Effect of Preoperative Pregabalin on Propofol Induction Dose[NCT01158859]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
Preoperative Use of Pregabalin and Analgesia Levels After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy[NCT01321801]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

FIQ: 20-item self-administered questionnaire designed to assess areas such as health status, progress, and outcomes in participants with fibromyalgia. 11 items related to physical functioning, other items assess pain, fatigue, stiffness, difficulty working, and symptoms of anxiousness and depression. FIQ contains 10 sub-scales scored from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating more impairment in the subscale attribute. Total score range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating more impairment. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Change From Baseline in Mean Pain Score at Endpoint (Up to Week 14)

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-6.94
Pregabalin 300 mg	-8.11
Pregabalin 450 mg	-12.79
Pregabalin 600 mg	-8.38

Daily pain diary consists of 11-point NRS ranging from 0(no pain) to 10(worst possible pain). Participants rated their pain during past 24 hours, self-assessment done daily at awakening. Baseline=Last 7 available pain scores before taking study medication up to and including Day 1. Final weekly (endpoint) mean pain score is defined as the mean pain score from the last 7 pain diary entries in the study while the participant was on study medication. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Change From Baseline in Mean Sleep Quality Score at Endpoint (Up to Week 14)

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.73
Pregabalin 300 mg	-1.06
Pregabalin 450 mg	-1.29
Pregabalin 600 mg	-0.96

Daily quality of sleep diary consists of 11-point NRS ranging from 0(best possible sleep) to 10(worst possible sleep). Participants rated their quality of sleep during past 24 hours, self-assessment done daily upon awakening. Baseline=Last 7 available scores before taking study medication up to and including Day 1. The endpoint (up to week 14) mean quality of sleep score was based on Least Squares (LS) Means using ANCOVA, with treatment group and center in the model and the baseline mean sleep score used as the covariate. Final weekly (endpoint) mean sleep quality score is defined as the mean sleep quality score from the last 7 sleep diary entries in the study while the participant was on study medication. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Change From Baseline in Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) at Week 14

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.94
Pregabalin 300 mg	-1.42
Pregabalin 450 mg	-1.72
Pregabalin 600 mg	-1.95

MAF is a 16-item self-administered questionnaire that yields a Global Fatigue Index (GFI), measures 4 dimensions of fatigue: degree and severity, amount of distress it causes, its timing and degree to which fatigue interferes with activities of daily living. Only 15 items are used to calculate the GFI. GFI score range from 1 (no fatigue) to 50 (severe fatigue). (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Change From Baseline in Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Scores at Week 14

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-1.91
Pregabalin 300 mg	-2.78
Pregabalin 450 mg	-3.32
Pregabalin 600 mg	-2.19

Pain visual analog scale (VAS): Participants assessed the severity of their pain using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). The scale ranged from 0 (no pain) to 100 (worst possible pain), measurement on a scale corresponds to the magnitude of their pain. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Percentage of Participants With Optimal Sleep Assessed Using MOS-SS

Intervention	mm (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-10.30
Pregabalin 300 mg	-12.86
Pregabalin 450 mg	-17.75
Pregabalin 600 mg	-11.74

Participant-rated 12 item questionnaire assess constructs of sleep over past week.7 subscales: sleep disturbance, snoring, awakened short of breath, sleep adequacy, somnolence (range:0-100); sleep quantity(range:0-24), optimal sleep(yes or no), as well as a 9-item overall sleep problems index. Except Adequacy, Optimal, Quantity of sleep, higher scores=more impairment. Scores transformed(actual raw score minus lowest possible score divided by possible raw score range*100);total score range:0-100,higher score=more disturbance. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Total Daily Acetaminophen Dose

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	30.8
Pregabalin 300 mg	33.5
Pregabalin 450 mg	44.0
Pregabalin 600 mg	32.4

Acetaminophen (up to 4 gram/day as needed for pain relief) was an allowable concomitant medication as a rescue therapy. The total daily acetaminophen dose taken during double-blind treatment was calculated for each participant as: (total acetaminophen dose during the study) divided by (total number of study days). (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Week 14

Change From Baseline in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) Subscale Scores at Week 14

Intervention	mg/day (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	460.65
Pregabalin 300 mg	449.14
Pregabalin 450 mg	508.53
Pregabalin 600 mg	724.42

Change From Baseline in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at Week 14

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	FIQ Physical Impairment (n=183,184,179,186)	FIQ Feel Good (n=182,184,178,183)	FIQ Work Missed (n=182,181,178,184)	FIQ Do Work (n=182,183,179,185)	FIQ Pain (n=183,184,179,185)	FIQ Fatigue (n=183,184,179,184)	FIQ Rested (n=183,184,179,185)	FIQ Stiffness (n=183,184,179,185)	FIQ Anxiety (n=183,184,179,185)	FIQ Depression (n=181,184,179,184)
Placebo	-0.09	-1.15	-0.13	-0.90	-0.97	-0.81	-0.94	-1.06	-0.48	-0.22
Pregabalin 300 mg	-0.26	-1.11	-0.29	-1.04	-1.18	-0.86	-1.17	-1.02	-0.66	-0.56
Pregabalin 450 mg	-0.35	-1.77	-0.75	-1.60	-1.72	-1.36	-1.47	-1.28	-1.12	-1.19
Pregabalin 600 mg	-0.26	-1.26	-0.27	-0.98	-1.10	-1.05	-1.40	-0.94	-0.68	-0.43

HADS: participant rated questionnaire with 2 subscales. HADS-A assesses state of generalized anxiety (anxious mood, restlessness, anxious thoughts, panic attacks); HADS-D assesses state of lost interest and diminished pleasure response (lowering of hedonic tone). Each subscale comprised of 7 items with range 0 (no presence of anxiety or depression) to 3 (severe feeling of anxiety or depression). Total score 0 to 21 for each subscale; higher score indicates greater severity of anxiety and depression symptoms. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Change From Baseline in Medical Outcomes Study (MOS): Sub-scales at Week 14

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	HADS Anxiety (HADS-A) Total	HADS Depression (HADS-D) Total
Placebo	-0.31	-0.11
Pregabalin 300 mg	-0.42	-0.33
Pregabalin 450 mg	-0.81	-0.70
Pregabalin 600 mg	-0.90	0.04

Participant-rated 12 item questionnaire assess constructs of sleep over past week.7 subscales: sleep disturbance, snoring, awakened short of breath, sleep adequacy, somnolence (range:0-100); sleep quantity(range:0-24), optimal sleep(yes or no), as well as a 9-item overall sleep problems index. Except Adequacy, Optimal, Quantity of sleep, higher scores=more impairment. Scores transformed(actual raw score minus lowest possible score divided by possible raw score range*100);total score range:0-100,higher score=more intensity of attribute. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Change From Baseline in Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey at Week 14

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Sleep Disturbance (n=183,183,177,185)	Snoring (n=172,174,174,177)	Shortness of Breath, Headache (n=182,182,177,184)	Quantity of Sleep (n=182,182,175,182)	Sleep Adequacy (n=183,183,179,185)	Somnolence (n=182,182,177,184)	Overall Sleep Problem Index (n=181,181,174,184)
Placebo	-5.99	-0.03	-0.67	0.41	7.62	-0.10	-4.83
Pregabalin 300 mg	-13.18	1.17	-9.62	0.61	10.19	0.67	-9.19
Pregabalin 450 mg	-19.26	4.89	-12.59	0.91	16.76	0.61	-13.07
Pregabalin 600 mg	-18.70	5.87	-9.91	0.76	11.97	1.92	-11.72

SF-36 is a standardized survey evaluating 8 aspects of functional health and well being: physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health. The score for a section is an average of the individual question scores, which are scaled 0-100 (100=highest level of functioning) and is reported as 2 summary scores; Physical Component Score and Mental Component Score. Total score range for the summary scores = 0- 100, where higher score represents higher level of functioning. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 14

Change From Baseline in Weekly Mean Sleep Quality Score

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Physical Functioning (n=184,184,177,186)	Physical Role Limitations (n=183,183,177,185)	Emotional Role Limitations (n=183,183,177,185)	Social Functioning (n=183,184,178,186)	Mental Health (n=183,184,178,186)	Bodily Pain (n=183,184,178,186)	Vitality (n=183,184,178,186)	General Health Perception (n=183,184,177,186)	Mental Component Score (n=182,183,176,184)	Physical Component Score (n=182,183,176,184)
Placebo	4.64	4.01	-2.31	0.75	-1.67	4.95	4.15	0.94	-1.27	2.47
Pregabalin 300 mg	5.22	4.40	1.44	4.10	1.65	7.77	4.89	2.76	0.87	2.60
Pregabalin 450 mg	6.63	5.50	3.93	5.76	4.25	10.32	9.25	3.67	2.39	3.01
Pregabalin 600 mg	4.13	5.03	1.56	3.60	2.41	7.53	7.29	2.21	1.35	2.34

Daily quality of sleep diary consists of 11-point NRS ranging from 0(best possible sleep) to 10(worst possible sleep). Participants rated their quality of sleep during past 24 hours, self-assessment done daily upon awakening. Baseline=Last 7 available scores before taking study medication up to and including Day 1. The weekly mean quality of sleep score was based on LS Means using mixed model repeated measures ANCOVA, with treatment, center, week, and treatment-by-week interaction in the model and the baseline mean sleep score used as the covariate. Weekly mean sleep quality score is defined as the mean of the last 7 daily sleep diary entries. (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)

Intervention	Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Week 1 (n=183,179,174,178)	Week 2 (n=180,172,168,174)	Week 3 (n=174, 164, 159,163)	Week 4 (n=165,157,155,156)	Week 5 (n=163, 150, 152,148)	Week 6 (n=159,145,148,144)	Week 7 (n=155,140,144,133)	Week 8 (n=149,133,142,127)	Week 9 (n=146,128,141,126)	Week 10 (n=144,125,139,126)	Week 11 (n=143,123,137,121)	Week 12 (n=141,121,135,119)	Week 13 (n=140,120,133,118)	Week 14 (n=134,115,128,111)	Overall (n=183,179,174,178)
Placebo	-0.38	-0.62	-0.75	-0.73	-0.82	-0.84	-0.91	-0.99	-1.11	-1.14	-1.09	-1.22	-1.05	-1.08	-0.91
Pregabalin 300 mg	-1.20	-1.48	-1.42	-1.52	-1.67	-1.56	-1.50	-1.60	-1.64	-1.75	-1.65	-1.62	-1.66	-1.73	-1.57
Pregabalin 450 mg	-1.08	-1.43	-1.56	-1.67	-1.69	-1.76	-1.83	-1.95	-1.94	-2.03	-1.92	-1.95	-1.93	-1.95	-1.76
Pregabalin 600 mg	-1.23	-1.59	-1.90	-2.01	-1.99	-2.15	-2.20	-2.25	-2.24	-2.34	-2.24	-2.29	-2.26	-2.29	-2.07

Number of participants with categorical change in overall status. PGIC: a participant-rated instrument assessing change in participant's overall status from baseline, on a scale ranging from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). (NCT00333866)
Timeframe: Week 14

58-week Retention Rate Measured by the Number of Drop Outs Due to Adverse Events or Seizures From Day 1 of Treatment

Percentage of Patients Remaining Seizure Free at Week 58 (Visit 6)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Very much improved	Much improved	Minimally improved	No change	Minimally worse	Much worse	Very much worse
Placebo	7	43	45	43	11	17	3
Pregabalin 300 mg	13	45	50	28	9	14	5
Pregabalin 450 mg	16	50	55	27	7	8	2
Pregabalin 600 mg	20	46	41	25	10	10	3

Intervention	proportion of participants (Mean)
Levetiracetam	0.61
Carbamazepine	0.46
Lamotrigine	0.56

Percentage of patients experiencing no seizures until week 58 (Visit 6) and did not discontinue the study until week 58. (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: week 58

Percentage of Patients Remaining Seizure-free at Week 30 (Visit 4)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Levetiracetam	43
Carbamazepine	33
Lamotrigine	38

Percentage of patients experiencing no seizures until week 30 (Visit 4) and did not discontinue the study until week 30. (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: Week 30

Proportion of Seizure-free Days During the Maintenance Phase for Subjects Who Enter the Maintenance Phase

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Levetiracetam	48
Carbamazepine	39
Lamotrigine	49

Intervention	proportion of seizure-free days (Number)
Levetiracetam	0.99
Carbamazepine	0.99
Lamotrigine	0.99

EPITrack-Score shows the performance of attention and executive functions. Higher values indicate a better performance. The results of EPITrack Score ranges between 7 and 45. (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: week 58

The Absolute Seizure Frequency During the Maintenance Phase (Weeks 7 - 58)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Levetiracetam	26.0
Carbamazepine	26.0
Lamotrigine	25.4

"Seizure frequency was assessed by investigators in the CRF at the Visits V3, V4, V5 and V6.~The absolute seizure frequency during the maintenance phase was defined as the sum of those entries." (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: over 52 weeks

The Time (in Days) to First Break-through Seizure (From Day 1 of Treatment)

Time to Drop Out

Intervention	number of seizures (Number)
Levetiracetam	168
Carbamazepine	131
Lamotrigine	130

Intervention	days (Median)
Levetiracetam	NA
Carbamazepine	NA
Lamotrigine	NA

number of days between randomization and premature discontinuation of the study (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: 58 weeks

Portland Neurotoxicity Scale (PNS) at V6

Intervention	days (Median)
Levetiracetam	NA
Carbamazepine	265
Lamotrigine	NA

"The PNS is a 15-item scale. Each item can be scored from 1 to 9. There are a total score (includes all items, range:15 to 135) and two subscores: The cognitive toxicity subscore (10 items: Energy Level, Memory, Interest, Concentration, Forgetfulness, Sleepliness, Moodiness, Alertness, Attention Span, Motivation, range:10 to 90) and the somatomoto subscore (5 items: Vision, Walking, Coordination, Tremor, Speech, range:5-45). The score is calculated by taking the mean of all non-missing values times the number of items.~Lower values indicate better quality of life." (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: at week 58

QOLIE-31 (Quality Of Life In Epilepsy) Results at V6

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Cognitive toxicity subscore	Somatomotor subscore	Total Score
Carbamazepine	27.3	11.4	38.7
Lamotrigine	23.7	10.8	34.5
Levetiracetam	22.2	10.5	32.7

The QOLIE-31 is a 31 item score that measures the quality of life in epilepsy (each item with a range of 0 to 100). There are 7 sub-scores seizure worry (items 11,21,22,23,25), overall quality of life (items 1,14), emotional well-being (items 3,4,5,7,9), energy/fatigue (items 2,6,8,10), cognitive functioning (items 12,15,16,17,18,26), medication effects (items 24,29,30) and social functioning (13,19,20,27,28). These scores were combined to a total score by Total score = seizure worry*0.08 + overall quality of life*0.14 + emotional well-being*0.15 + energy/fatigue*0.12 + cognitive functioning*0.27 + medication effects*0.03 + social functioning*0.21 For all scores, higher values indicate better quality of life. Each score has a possible range from 0 to 100. (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: 58 weeks, final visit

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Seizure worry	Overall quality of life	Emotional well-being	Energy/fatigue	Cognitive functioning	Medication effects	Social functioning	Total Score	Health Scale
Carbamazepine	75.4	65.0	69.8	54.5	68.9	70.6	76.3	68.9	65.7
Lamotrigine	75.0	67.1	67.4	59.8	68.0	72.6	76.7	69.1	67.5
Levetiracetam	85.1	67.2	72.0	60.8	75.1	77.6	81.1	73.9	69.5

"Evaluation of current testing at V6:~≥29 score points: Inconspicuous; 26 to 28 score points: Borderline;~≤25 score points: Impaired" (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: 58 weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Without pathological findings	Borderline	Impaired
Carbamazepine	34	17	33
Lamotrigine	31	15	39
Levetiracetam	38	10	36

"Evaluation of Changes~Changes in the EpiTrack® Score were categorized as follows:~≥5 score points: Improved;~-3 to 4 score points: Unchanged;~≤-4 score points: Worsened" (NCT00438451)
Timeframe: week 58

Article	Year
Gabapentin withdrawal: case report in an older adult and review of the literature. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2013, Volume: 61, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Amines; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Depression; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2013
Headache and Pain in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Current pain and headache reports, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:8 Topics: Amines; Animals; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Guillain-Barre Sy	2015
[Antiepileptic drugs for the prevention of pediatric migraine]. Revue neurologique, 2009, Volume: 165, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Child; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Tolerance; Fructose; G	2009
Focus on therapy: hemicrania continua and new daily persistent headache. The journal of headache and pain, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Celecoxib; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Fructose; Gaba	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Medical conditions in fibromyalgia patients and their relationship to pregabalin efficacy: pooled analysis of Phase III clinical trials. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:17 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2010
Antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of chronic headaches. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2003, Volume: 24 Suppl 2 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Chronic Disease; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Headache; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic	2003
Neuropathic cranial pain. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2003, Volume: 24 Suppl 2 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tric	2003
Anticonvulsant drugs in primary headaches prophylaxis. Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2004, Volume: 25 Suppl 3 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Fruct	2004
Gabapentin. Epilepsia, 1999, Volume: 40 Suppl 5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids;	1999
Lamotrigine update and its use in mood disorders. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2002, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Aggression; Amines; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids;	2002

Article	Year
Clinical pharmacokinetics of XP13512, a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 48, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amines; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Capsules; Carbamates; Cross-Over Stu	2008
Gabapentin versus lamotrigine monotherapy: a double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2002, Volume: 43, Issue:9 Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Asthenia; Clinical Protocols; Cyclohexan	2002
Low-dose gabapentin in treatment of high-altitude headache. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Altitude Sickness; Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Double-Blind	2007
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of preoperative oral pregabalin for postoperative pain relief after minor gynecological surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2007, Volume: 105, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gynecologic Surgi	2007
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of preoperative oral pregabalin for postoperative pain relief after minor gynecological surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2007, Volume: 105, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gynecologic Surgi	2007
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of preoperative oral pregabalin for postoperative pain relief after minor gynecological surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2007, Volume: 105, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gynecologic Surgi	2007
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of preoperative oral pregabalin for postoperative pain relief after minor gynecological surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2007, Volume: 105, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gynecologic Surgi	2007
Gabapentin for prevention of hypobaric hypoxia-induced headache: randomized double-blind clinical trial. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2008, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Altitude Sickness; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disorders of Excess	2008
High dose gabapentin in refractory partial epilepsy: clinical observations in 50 patients. Epilepsy research, 1998, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diarrhea; D	1998
Safety and tolerability of gabapentin as adjunctive therapy in a large, multicenter study. Epilepsia, 1999, Volume: 40, Issue:7 Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Asthenia; Carbamazepine; Cycl	1999
Low doses of gabapentin may be helpful in the management of chronic daily headache. MedGenMed : Medscape general medicine, 2000, Aug-21, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amines; Analgesics; Chronic Disease; Cyclohexanecarboxylic	2000

Article	Year
Increased GABA+ in People With Migraine, Headache, and Pain Conditions- A Potential Marker of Pain. The journal of pain, 2021, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Pain; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid;	2021
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as treatment for trigeminal allodynia. Pain, 2014, Volume: 155, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Dura Mater; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Headache; Hyperalgesia; Male; Microdial	2014
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as treatment for trigeminal allodynia. Pain, 2014, Volume: 155, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Dura Mater; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Headache; Hyperalgesia; Male; Microdial	2014
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as treatment for trigeminal allodynia. Pain, 2014, Volume: 155, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Dura Mater; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Headache; Hyperalgesia; Male; Microdial	2014
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as treatment for trigeminal allodynia. Pain, 2014, Volume: 155, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Dura Mater; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Headache; Hyperalgesia; Male; Microdial	2014
Nummular headache in a patient with ipsilateral occipital neuralgia--a case report. Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska, 2014, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Comorbidity; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Femal	2014
Safety and tolerability of gabapentin for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah) headache and meningismus. Neurocritical care, 2015, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amines; Analgesics; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin	2015
Pressure pain sensitivity map of multifocal nummular headache: a case report. The journal of headache and pain, 2015, Volume: 16 Topics: Adolescent; Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric	2015
Using a graphical risk tool to examine willingness to take migraine prophylactic medications. Pain, 2016, Volume: 157, Issue:10 Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Antidepressive Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclohe	2016
Defining neuralgiform headache with ipsilateral autonomic symptoms: case report in a headache center. Internal and emergency medicine, 2008, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Autonomic Nervous System; Cyclohexanecarboxylic A	2008
Varicella-zoster virus infection and nummular headache: a possible association with epicranial neuralgia. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2012, Volume: 51, Issue:17 Topics: 2-Aminopurine; Amines; Analgesics; Antiviral Agents; Comorbidity; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Famci	2012
[Case report on a patient with SUNCT-syndrome]. Schmerz (Berlin, Germany), 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Functional Laterality; Gabapentin	2003
Treatment of restless legs syndrome with gabapentin: a double-blind, cross-over study. Neurology, 2003, May-13, Volume: 60, Issue:9 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Cross-Over Studies; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; G	2003
Gabapentin-responsive idiopathic stabbing headache. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid;	2004
Occipital neuralgia secondary to respiratory tract infection. Journal of orofacial pain, 2005,Summer, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Amines; Amitriptyline; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diagnos	2005
[Unique children -- unique headaches. Case reports of pediatric headache patients from an outpatient children's pain department]. Schmerz (Berlin, Germany), 2006, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Developing Countries; Fema	2006
Nummular headache: first Italian case and therapeutic proposal. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Ga	2006
Nummular headache: another case treated with gabapentin. The journal of headache and pain, 2007, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid;	2007
Occipital levels of GABA are related to severe headaches in migraine. Neurology, 2008, May-27, Volume: 70, Issue:22 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Headache; Humans; Magnetic Resonanc	2008
[Prophylactic treatment with gabapentin in chronic daily headache resistant to other drugs]. Revista de neurologia, 1998, Volume: 26, Issue:153 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Aged; Amines; Analgesics; Chronic Disease; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Resist	1998
An 8-year-old girl with unilateral facial and ear pain and isolated frontal headaches. Seminars in pediatric neurology, 1999, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Child; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diagnosis, Differential; Earache; Face; Female	1999
SUNCT syndrome responsive to gabapentin (Neurontin). Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2000, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Conjunctival Diseases; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-	2000
Cerebrospinal fluid gamma aminobutyric acid levels in migraine. British medical journal, 1975, Aug-30, Volume: 3, Issue:5982 Topics: Aminobutyrates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Headache; Humans; Migraine Disorders	1975
Platelet gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in migraine and tension-type headache. Headache, 1992, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Blood Platelets; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Headache; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migrai	1992

gamma-aminobutyric acid and Bilateral Headache