galactomannan and Hyperglycemia

Over the last 3 years, there has been a proliferation of legislation aimed at restricting the rights of transgender Americans, including their access to gender-affirming health care. While the health implications of not having access to gender-affirming care are well documented, there may be additional indirect harms associated with proposing this type of legislation, such as those associated with being exposed to negative messages about transgender people or having to contend with friends and family who support the legislation.. Results showed that news consumption was associated with increased rumination and physical health symptoms and that perceived support for the legislation was associated with greater rumination, depressive symptoms, physical health symptoms, and fear of disclosing one's identity. Themes from the open-ended questions further underscored that the current legislation has impacted transgender youth and young adults' access to general health care; increased experiences of discrimination and other maltreatment; and resulted in some respondents engaging in unhealthy coping responses.. Policy makers should consider these adverse consequences when responding to current, and crafting future, legislation directed at transgender Americans.. Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11814-023-1461-8.. Hyperglycemia at admission was associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, even in those without known pre-existing diabetes. Glycemic testing should be recommended for all COVID-19 patients.. Intermittent relacorilant + nab-paclitaxel improved PFS, DOR, and OS compared with nab-paclitaxel monotherapy. On the basis of protocol-prespecified Hochberg step-up multiplicity adjustment, the primary end point did not reach statistical significance (

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Galactomannan is an insoluble polysaccharide that has been shown to reduce postprandial excursions. We assessed the impact of a novel galactomannan derivative (PAZ320) on the magnitude of 2-hour postprandial glucose excursions in individuals with type 2 diabetes who were being treated with oral medication and/or insulin. Investigators recently reported findings from a single-center, open-label, prospective study that evaluated the efficacy of PAZ320 in 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes who were treated with oral antidiabetic agents and/or insulin. End points included adverse events and area under the curve during 3-hour postprandial glucose excursion (gAUC). Subjects consumed a test meal without PAZ320 at baseline and then ingested low-dose (8 g) and high-dose (16 g) PAZ320 with test meals at subsequent intervention visits. A post hoc analysis was conducted to determine changes in 2-hour postprandial glucose excursions. Among the 20 subjects for whom data were available for all clinic visit test meals, 15 (75%) responded to low-dose, high-dose, or both medication dosages. Low-dose responders (n = 8) experienced clinically significant improvements in 2-hour postprandial glucose excursions from baseline excursions compared with nonresponders (-28.00 ± 25.97 mg/dL vs 23.42 ± 11.45 mg/dL, P = .005). Similar differences were seen in high-dose responders (-28.82 ± 24.26 vs 33.89 ± 20.56 mg/dL, P < .0001). PAZ320 was shown to be safe in all patients studied and effective in controlling postprandial glucose in a large portion of the study population. Additional studies are needed to determine its long-term effects on HbA1c and to further define which subpopulation(s) may respond to PAZ320 therapy.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Galactose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Mannans; Middle Aged; Young Adult

Fenugreek seeds host various bioactive compounds, and galactomannan (GM) is a significant soluble fibre. In this study, selective extraction is adapted to extract fenugreek seed GM to improvise the yield recovery. The seeds are fractionated, separated and classified as husk and cotyledons. Comparative studies have been performed to evaluate the crude and pure GM yield between different groups such as the whole seed, and the classified fractions. Characterization is done using Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, monosaccharide composition and optical density, and the structure is elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance. The GM obtained through extraction is used to study its enzyme inhibitory property associated with hyperglycaemia.. GM yield extracted from the husk is highly significant compared to other groups. Crude GM and pure GM yield was 2 and 3.25 times higher than that obtained through whole seed samples. The characterization of the pure GM is on a par with the existing reports. The purified GM inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in vitro, with an IC50 of 21.08 ± 0.085 and 67.17 ± 5.15 μg mL. Selective extraction prompts enhancement in the recovery of the bioactive compound, minimal use of resources, and promotes industrial viability. Characterization of the compound confirms the structure. Its enzyme inhibitory property makes GM a valuable compound in diabetic prevention/treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topics: alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases; Enzyme Inhibitors; Galactose; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mannans; Plant Extracts; Trigonella

Fenugreek is a traditional plant for the treatment of diabetes. Galactomannan, an active major component in fenugreek seeds, has shown hypoglycemic activity. The present study was performed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism underlying fenugreek galactomannan (F-GAL) in treating diabetes, using a metabonomics approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The F-GAL used for study was highly purified, and its yield, purity, and galactose/mannose ratio were characterized by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and a modified phenol-sulfuric acid method. After treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with F-GAL for 28days, urine and serum samples were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to distinguish the non-diabetic/untreated, diabetic/untreated, and diabetic/F-GAL-treated groups. Then, potential biomarkers were identified that may help elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanism of F-GAL in diabetes. The results demonstrated that there was a clear separation among the three groups in the PCA model. Fourteen potential biomarkers were identified by OPLS-DA, and they were determined to be produced in response to the therapeutic effects of F-GAL. These biomarkers were involved in histidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, energy metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that a metabonomics approach is a powerful, novel tool that can be used to evaluate the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of herb extracts.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Galactose; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Mannans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Plant Extracts; Principal Component Analysis; Random Allocation; Rats; Trigonella