galactomannan and Histoplasmosis
galactomannan has been researched along with Histoplasmosis* in 16 studies
Trials
1 trial(s) available for galactomannan and Histoplasmosis
Article | Year |
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Histoplasmosis-associated cross-reactivity in the BioRad Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay.
We observed false-positive results in the Platelia Aspergillus enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for specimens from patients with histoplasmosis and mice with experimental infection. Platelia Aspergillus EIA-positive specimens were negative in the second-generation Histoplasma antigen EIA. Care must be taken to exclude histoplasmosis for patients with positive Platelia Aspergillus EIA results. Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Fungal; Antigens, Fungal; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary; Cross Reactions; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Galactose; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Mannans; Mice; Rabbits | 2007 |
Other Studies
15 other study(ies) available for galactomannan and Histoplasmosis
Article | Year |
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Optimization of a commercial Histoplasma galactomannan EIA test in a population from an endemic area of histoplasmosis in southern Brazil.
Since 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends Histoplasma antigen detection for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) in people living with HIV (PLHIV).. Here we aimed to optimise the IMMY's Clarus® Histoplasma GM enzyme immunoassay (EIA), evaluating the best cut-off in the semi-quantitative (SQ-HGM EIA), also known as 'calibrator cut-off procedure'.. The optimization was done using the quantitative standard procedure (Q-HGM EIA), also known as 'standard curve procedure', as reference test. A retrospective study from an endemic area of DH in southern Brazil was carried out including 264 patients investigated for DH using the test. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was plotted, and sensitivity and specificity of the SQ-HGM EIA were calculated.. The study included 24 positive (values ≥ 0.20 ng/ml) and 240 negative patients by the Q-HGM EIA. According to the manufacturer SQ-HGM EIA protocol, the new SQ-HGM EIA cut-off of 0.8 EIA units was validated, resulting in sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 98.7%, respectively.. Our study pioneers and brings important data about the optimization of the Histoplasma antigen testing for the diagnosis of DH in a population from Southern Brazil. This optimization also reduced the amount of reagents used, lowering the cost associated with testing. Topics: Antigens, Fungal; Brazil; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2023 |
Disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed by cross-reactivity with the Aspergillus galactomannan antigen in an HIV-positive patient.
Invasive histoplasmosis is the most common AIDS-defining event in endemic regions such as South America. In non-endemic regions, less familiar to the diagnosis, invasive histoplasmosis can be mistakenly diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis leading to a high mortality rate. Here we present the case of an invasive histoplasmosis mistakenly diagnosed as tuberculosis. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis was considered later on, in light of patient's clinical deterioration and positive Aspergillus galactomannan antigens. This case highlights the importance of considering other opportunistic infections when facing a culture-negative miliary tuberculosis without clinical improvement despite anti-tuberculosis therapy. It also draws our attention to the tools available in non-endemic regions that can be helpful in the diagnosis of invasive histoplasmosis. Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antigens, Fungal; Aspergillus; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Mannans; Tuberculosis, Miliary | 2022 |
Peptidogalactomannan from Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cell wall: role of the chemical structure in recognition and activation by peritoneal macrophages.
Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of histoplasmosis, a systemic disease responsible for most reported causes of morbidity and mortality among immunosuppressed individuals. Peptidogalactomannan (pGM) was purified from the yeast cell wall of H. capsulatum isolated from bats, and its structure and involvement in modulating the host immune response were evaluated. Gas chromatography, methylation analysis, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) were used for the structural characterization of pGM. Methylation and 2D-NMR data revealed that pGM comprises a main chain containing α-D-Manp (1 → 6) residues substituted at O-2 by α-D-Manp (1 → 2)-linked side chains, non-reducing end units of α-D-Galf, or β-D-Galp linked (1→ 6) to α-D-Manp side chains. The involvement of H. capsulatum pGM in antigenic reactivity and in interactions with macrophages was demonstrated by ELISA and phagocytosis assay, respectively. The importance of the carbohydrate and protein moieties of pGM in sera reactivity was evaluated. Periodate oxidation abolished much pGM antigenic reactivity, suggesting that the sugar moiety is the most immunogenic part of pGM. Reactivity slightly decreased in pGM treated with proteinase K, suggesting that the peptide moiety plays a minor role in pGM antigenicity. In vitro experiments suggested that pGM is involved in the phagocytosis of H. capsulatum yeast and induction of IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion by peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. These findings demonstrated the role of pGM in the H. capsulatum-host interaction. Topics: Animals; Cell Wall; Chiroptera; Female; Galactose; Glycopeptides; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Mannans; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phagocytosis; Rabbits | 2021 |
Evaluation of a Histoplasma antigen lateral flow assay for the rapid diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in Colombian patients with AIDS.
Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is an important cause of mortality in persons living with HIV (PLHIV), especially in countries where patients have limited access to antiretroviral therapies and diagnostic testing.. A lateral flow assay (LFA) to detect Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum developed by MiraVista. We tested 75 serum samples: 24 from PLHIV and culture-proven PDH and 51 from PLHIV with other fungal and bacterial infections as well as people without HIV. LFA devices were read manually (read by eye) and by an automated reader.. When the LFA was read manually, sensitivity was 96% and specificity was 90%. When an automated reader was used, sensitivity was 92% and specificity was 94%. The Kappa index comparing manual and automated reader was 0.90. Cross-reactions were observed principally in samples from patients with proven diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.. The MiraVista Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Antigens, Fungal; Colombia; Confidence Intervals; Cross Reactions; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunoassay; Mannans; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Point-of-Care Systems; Predictive Value of Tests; Rabbits; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2020 |
Peripheral blood smear findings in a kidney transplant recipient with disseminated histoplasmosis and elevated Aspergillus galactomannan.
We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient who presented with a nodular pulmonary lesion and elevated serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) Aspergillus galatomannan. This almost led to an erroneous diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis since the donor respiratory tract was known to be colonized with Aspergillus terreus. However, distinctive intracelluar Histoplasma yeasts on peripheral blood smear led to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The cross-reactivity between Aspergillus galactomannan and Histoplasma antigen is discussed further. Topics: Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Azure Stains; Blood; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Female; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Mannans; Middle Aged; Transplant Recipients | 2019 |
Improvement in Diagnosis of Histoplasma Meningitis by Combined Testing for Histoplasma Antigen and Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M Anti-Histoplasma Antibody in Cerebrospinal Fluid.
Central nervous system (CNS) histoplasmosis is a life-threatening condition and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain tissue is diagnostic; however, culture is insensitive and slow growth may result in significant treatment delay. We performed a retrospective multicenter study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a new anti-Histoplasma antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of IgG and IgM antibody in the CSF for diagnosis of CNS histoplasmosis, the primary objective of the study. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of improvements in the Histoplasma galactomannan antigen detection EIA on the diagnosis of Histoplasma meningitis.. Residual CSF specimens from patients with Histoplasma meningitis and controls were tested for Histoplasma antigen and anti-Histoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody using assays developed at MiraVista Diagnostics.. A total of 50 cases and 157 controls were evaluated. Fifty percent of patients with CNS histoplasmosis were immunocompromised, 14% had other medical conditions, and 36% were healthy. Histoplasma antigen was detected in CSF in 78% of cases and the specificity was 97%. Anti-Histoplasma IgG or IgM antibody was detected in 82% of cases and the specificity was 93%. The sensitivity of detection of antibody by currently available serologic testing including immunodiffusion and complement fixation was 51% and the specificity was 96%. Testing for both CSF antigen and antibody by EIA was the most sensitive approach, detecting 98% of cases.. Testing CSF for anti-Histoplasma IgG and IgM antibody complements antigen detection and improves the sensitivity for diagnosis of Histoplasma meningitis. Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Fungal; Antigens, Fungal; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Galactose; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infant; Male; Mannans; Meningitis, Fungal; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult | 2018 |
[Aspergillus galactomannan assay for the management of histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii in HIV-infected patients: education from a clinical case].
The diagnosis of histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum is based on a direct examination identifying encapsulated yeast with narrow-based budding. Galactomannan antigenemia facilitates diagnosis, as well as the monitoring of patients receiving treatment. The case of a HIV-positive patient from Congo-Brazzaville with a disseminated form of African histoplasmosis highlighted the positive galactomannan antigen in this disease due to Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii. Galactomannan antigenemia remained high with a very slow decrease during antifungal therapy and slow regression of clinical lesions. African histoplasmosis is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose and rarely described in immunocompromised patients, in whom differential diagnosis can be common. This observation underlines the importance of the galactomannan antigen assay in patients who have travelled to endemic areas. As in the case of Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum, the positivity of the Aspergillus galactomannan antigen is very useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of African histoplasmosis. Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antigens, Fungal; Aspergillus; Female; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoassay; Mannans; Predictive Value of Tests | 2014 |
A complementary tool for management of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infections in AIDS patients.
In South America, disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (H. capsulatum), is a severe and frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. In areas outside the USA where specific-Histoplasma antigen detection is not available, the diagnosis is difficult. With the galactomannan antigen (GM) detection, a test commonly used for invasive aspergillosis diagnosis, there is a cross-reactivity with H. capsulatum that can be helpful for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the GM detection for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients. The performance of the GM detection was evaluated with serum collected in French Guiana where H. capsulatum is highly endemic. Sera from AIDS patients with disseminated histoplasmosis occurring from 2002 to 2009 and from control HIV-positive patients without histoplasmosis were tested with the GM detection and Histoplasma-specific antibody detection (IEP). In 39 AIDS patients with proven disseminated histoplasmosis, the sensitivity of the Histoplasma IEP was only 35.9% and was linked to the TCD4+ lymphocyte level. For the GM detection, the sensitivity (Se) was 76.9% and specificity (Sp) was 100% with the recommended threshold for aspergillosis diagnosis (0.5). The test was more efficient with a threshold of 0.4 (Se: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.66-0.92], Sp: 1.00 [95% CI: 0.86-1.00], LR+: >10, LR-: 0.18). This study confirms that the GM detection can be a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients in endemic areas where Histoplasma EIA is not available. Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antibodies, Fungal; Cohort Studies; Female; French Guiana; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Male; Mannans; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; South America | 2014 |
False-positive Aspergillus galactomannan assay in solid organ transplant recipients with histoplasmosis.
Post-transplantation histoplasmosis may be acquired via inhalation, may result from endogenous reactivation, or may be derived from the allograft. The Histoplasma and Aspergillus enzyme-linked immunoassays are increasingly being relied upon for rapid diagnosis of fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. We describe 4 cases of solid organ transplant recipients who had histoplasmosis and a falsely positive Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) obtained from the serum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We also report our experience, testing for Histoplasma antigen (Ag) in specimens positive for Aspergillus GM. From January 2007 through December 2010, of 2432 unique patients who had positive Aspergillus GM tests, 514 (21%) were tested for Histoplasma Ag, and 27 were found to be positive. Most specimens that tested positive for both Aspergillus and Histoplasma were obtained by BAL. False-positive tests for Aspergillus GM can occur in immunosuppressed patients who have histoplasmosis, and may obscure the correct diagnosis. Topics: Adult; Antigens, Fungal; Aspergillus; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; False Positive Reactions; Female; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Mannans; Middle Aged; Organ Transplantation | 2012 |
Serum Aspergillus galactomannan for the management of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS.
Disseminated histoplasmosis is an emerging infection in patients with cellular immune deficiency in non-endemic countries, caused by the migration from endemic regions and the development of travels. Diagnosis can be challenging in this context because rapid diagnostic tools such as Histoplasma antigen detection or appropriate molecular tools are generally unavailable, serology is often negative in immunosuppressed patients, and isolation of the fungus from cultures often takes several weeks. Here, we report the contribution of galactomannan serum detection for the management of an HIV-infected patient with disseminated histoplasmosis. Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Fungal; Aspergillus; Female; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; HIV; Humans; Mannans | 2012 |
[Contribution of molecular biology and Aspergillus galactomannan antigen assay for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis].
We report a case of a pulmonary histoplasmosis in an HIV-positive patient usually living in Cambodia, with a positive Aspergillus galactomannan antigenemia resulting from a cross-reaction, that decreased after antifungal therapy. We discuss the potential interest of the detection of fungal DNA by PCR and Aspergillus galactomannan antigenemia for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis, especially in countries where Histoplasma capsulatum antigen testing is not available. Topics: Antigens, Fungal; Aspergillus; Galactose; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Mannans; Middle Aged; Molecular Biology | 2010 |
A case of disseminated histoplasmosis following autologous stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin's lymphoma: an initial misdiagnosis with a false-positive serum galactomannan assay.
Systemic histoplasmosis is uncommonly reported in patients who have undergone bone marrow or solid organ transplantation. Diagnosis of systemic histoplasmosis in recipients of transplants may be hampered by lack of consideration of this infection in the differential diagnosis and may be confounded by conflicting information from other testing performed to evaluate for opportunistic infections in this population. We report successful treatment of a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma who had undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. The diagnosis was delayed by the finding of a positive serum galactomannan assay. Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Diagnostic Errors; False Positive Reactions; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Mannans; Stem Cell Transplantation; Transplantation, Autologous; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis with use of the Coccidioides antigen enzyme immunoassay.
We have previously shown antigenuria in patients with coccidioidomycosis through use of the Histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and now we have developed a specific Coccidioides antigen EIA.. The Coccidioides EIA uses antibodies to Coccidioides galactomannan. The sensitivity of the Coccidioides and Histoplasma EIAs was evaluated in patients with more-severe coccidioidomycosis, and the specificity of these EIAs was evaluated in patients with nonfungal infections, in patients with other endemic mycoses, and in healthy individuals.. Among patients in the present study, antigenuria was detected in 70.8% of patients with coccidioidomycosis with use of the Coccidioides EIA and in 58.3% of patients with use of the Histoplasma EIA. Antigenuria was absent in 99.4% of healthy individuals, patients with nonfungal infections, and patients with noninfectious conditions. Cross-reactions with other endemic mycoses were observed in 10.7% of patients.. The Coccidioides EIA has potential to be useful in the rapid diagnosis of more-severe forms of coccidioidomycosis. Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Fungal; Antigens, Fungal; Coccidioidomycosis; Cross Reactions; Galactose; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Mannans; Rabbits; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urine | 2008 |
False-positive Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) assay in histoplasmosis.
Topics: Aged; Antigens, Fungal; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; False Positive Reactions; Fatal Outcome; Female; Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Mannans; Sputum | 2008 |
Invalid comparison of the IMMY Histoplasma antigen assay with the "gold standard".
Topics: Galactose; Histoplasma; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Mannans; Predictive Value of Tests; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve | 2008 |