gadoxetic-acid-disodium and Neoplasms

Refined stratification of disease is thought to result in better survival from childhood malignant disease while minimizing the adverse effects of anticancer therapies. There is a potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to contribute to such stratification by improved tissue characterization, anatomical depiction, staging, and assessment of early treatment response. Recent advances in pediatric MRI outside the central nervous system (CNS) are reviewed in this context. The focus is on new applications for conventional MRI and on clinical implementation of tissue-specific and quantitative techniques. This area is largely unexplored, and potential directions for research are indicated.

Topics: Child; Contrast Media; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Pediatrics

Recent innovations in biology are boosting gene and cell therapy, but monitoring the response to these treatments is difficult. The purpose of this study was to find an MRI-reporter gene that can be used to monitor gene or cell therapy and that can be delivered without a viral vector, as viral vector delivery methods can result in long-term complications.. Western blot and confocal microscopy after immunofluorescence staining revealed that only. The human endogenous

Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Contrast Media; Cytomegalovirus; Gadolinium DTPA; Genetic Vectors; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasms; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3; Transfection; Transplantation, Heterologous

To compare radial volumetric imaging breath-hold examination with k-space weighted image contrast reconstruction (r-VIBE-KWIC) to Cartesian VIBE (c-VIBE) in arterial phase dynamic gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of the liver.. We reviewed 53 consecutive DCE-MRI studies performed on a 3-T unit using c-VIBE and 53 consecutive cases performed using r-VIBE-KWIC with full-frame image subset (r-VIBEfull) and sub-frame image subsets (r-VIBEsub; temporal resolution, 2.5-3 s). All arterial phase images were scored by two readers on: (1) contrast-enhancement ratio (CER) in the abdominal aorta; (2) scan timing; (3) artefacts; (4) visualisation of the common, right, and left hepatic arteries.. Mean abdominal aortic CERs for c-VIBE, r-VIBEfull, and r-VIBEsub were 3.2, 4.3 and 6.5, respectively. There were significant differences between each group (P < 0.0001). The mean score for c-VIBE was significantly lower than that for r-VIBEfull and r-VIBEsub in all factors except for visualisation of the common hepatic artery (P < 0.05). The mean score of all factors except for scan timing for r-VIBEsub was not significantly different from that for r-VIBEfull.. Radial VIBE-KWIC provides higher image quality than c-VIBE, and r-VIBEsub features high temporal resolution without image degradation in arterial phase DCE-MRI.. Radial VIBE-KWIC minimised artefact and produced high-quality and high-temporal-resolution images. Maximum abdominal aortic enhancement was observed on sub-frame images of r-VIBE-KWIC. Using r-VIBE-KWIC, optimal arterial phase images were obtained in over 90 %. Using r-VIBE-KWIC, visualisation of the hepatic arteries was improved. A two-reader study revealed r-VIBE-KWIC's advantages over Cartesian VIBE.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aorta, Abdominal; Artifacts; Breath Holding; Contrast Media; Databases, Factual; Female; Gadolinium DTPA; Hepatic Artery; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Liver; Liver Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies

Evaluation of enhancement characteristics of histopathologically confirmed focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs) and hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.. Sixty-eight patients with 115 histopathologically proven lesions (FNHs, n=44; HCAs, n=71) examined with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were retrospectively enrolled (standard of reference: surgical resection, n=53 patients (lesions: FNHs, n=37; HCAs, n=53); biopsy, n=15 (lesions: FNHs, n=7; HCAs, n=18)). Two radiologists evaluated all MR images regarding morphological features as well as the vascular and hepatocyte-specific enhancement in consensus.. For the hepatobiliary phase, relative enhancement of the lesions and lesion to liver enhancement were significantly lower for HCAs (mean, 48.7 (±48.4)%and 49.4 (±33.9) %) compared to FNHs (159.3 (±92.5) %; and 151.7 (±79) %; accuracy of 89%and 90 %, respectively; P<0.001). Visual strong uptake of FNHs vs. hypointensity of HCAs in the hepatobiliary phase resulted in an accuracy of 92 %. This parameter was superior to all other morphological and dynamic vascular criteria alone and in combination (accuracy, 54–85 %).. For differentiation of FNHs and HCAs by means of MRI, gadoxetic acid uptake in the hepatobiliary phase was found to be superior to all other criteria alone and in combination.. EOB-MRI is well suited to differentiate FNHs and hepatocellular adenomas. For this purpose hepatobiliary phase is superior to unenhanced and dynamic imaging. Hepatobiliary phase (peripheral) hyper- or isointensity is typical for FNH. Hepatobiliary phase hypointensity is typical for hepatocellular adenomas. EOB-MRI helps to avoid misinterpretations of benign hepatocellular lesions.

Topics: Adenoma, Liver Cell; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Liver Circulation; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult

To evaluate if Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI could identify liver tissue damage caused by radiation exposure in patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy.. We enrolled 11 patients who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI during or after radiotherapy in which the radiation field included the liver. External beam radiotherapy was delivered through multiple fields using a 10-MV linear accelerator. The hepatobiliary phase images of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were qualitatively evaluated for the presence of a decreased uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA in the irradiated area in the liver. Next, signal intensity (SI) ratio of the irradiated area to the non-irradiated liver parenchyma was also calculated. The absorbed dose of the irradiated area in the liver was standardized using equivalent dose in 2Gy fraction (EQD2) and biological effective dose (BED). The results of qualitative analysis were compared with EQD2 or BED, and linear regression analysis was performed between EQD2 or BED and SI ratio.. Twenty-two irradiated areas were evaluated. Qualitative analysis revealed a decreased uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA in 14 areas and no decreased uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA in eight areas. The thresholds of EQD2 and BED causing a decreased uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA were considered to be 24 to 29Gy and 29 to 35Gy, respectively. Quantitatively, SI ratio decreased as EQD2 or BED increased (r=0.89, p<0.001), and the inverse relationship between signal enhancement and the absorbed dose in the irradiated area was obtained. One area with EQD2 of 50Gy and BED of 60Gy showed a slightly decreased uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA on the 40th day but a clearly decreased uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA on the 123rd day from initiation of radiotherapy.. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI described RLI as a decreased uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA matching the irradiated area. The occurrence of this finding was significantly correlated with the absorbed dose of the irradiated area in the liver.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contrast Media; Female; Gadolinium DTPA; Humans; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Radiation Injuries; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors