gabapentin and Pregnancy studies

Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.
gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.

Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The addition of gabapentin to moderate sedation during D&E did not result in lower maximum recalled procedural pain."	9.69	Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Brant, AR; Floyd, S; Lotke, PS; Reeves, MF; Scott, RK; Tefera, E; Ye, PP, 2023)
"This study aimed to determine whether gabapentin is more effective than standard-of-care therapy for treating hyperemesis gravidarum."	9.41	Effect of gabapentin on hyperemesis gravidarum: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. ( Guttuso, T; Messing, S; Mullin, P; Saha, S; Shepherd, R; Strittmatter, C; Thornburg, LL; Tu, X, 2021)
"We have data on 223 pregnancy outcomes exposed to gabapentin and 223 unexposed pregnancies."	9.17	Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. ( Bernard, N; Einarson, A; Einarson, TR; Etwell, F; Fujii, H; Goel, A; Han, JY; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Pistelli, A; Stephens, S; Yates, LM, 2013)
" Gabapentin is currently FDA-approved for treating RLS and preliminary results have shown it may be effective for treating the most severe form of NVP, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)."	8.90	Potential maternal symptomatic benefit of gabapentin and review of its safety in pregnancy. ( Guttuso, T; Shaman, M; Thornburg, LL, 2014)
"Although its exact mode of action is not known, gabapentin appears to have a unique effect on voltage-dependent calcium ion channels at the postsynaptic dorsal horns and may, therefore, interrupt the series of events that possibly leads to the experience of a neuropathic pain sensation."	8.81	Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. ( Kam, PC; Rose, MA, 2002)
" We examined the risk of major congenital malformations and cardiac defects associated with gabapentin exposure during the first trimester (T1), and the risk of preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (NICUa) associated with gabapentin exposure early, late, or both early and late in pregnancy."	7.96	Gabapentin in pregnancy and the risk of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes: A population-based cohort study nested in the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract dataset. ( Bateman, BT; Cohen, JM; Desai, RJ; Hernandez-Diaz, S; Huybrechts, KF; Mogun, H; Patorno, E, 2020)
"Among 7 subjects with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), we found gabapentin therapy to be associated with mean reductions in nausea and emesis from Baseline to Days 12-14 of 80% and 94%, respectively."	7.76	Gabapentin use in hyperemesis gravidarum: a pilot study. ( Amankwah, KS; Guttuso, T; Robinson, LK, 2010)
"The objective of this study was to assess the safety of gabapentin (Neurontin) exposure in human pregnancy."	7.72	Gabapentin exposure in human pregnancy: results from the Gabapentin Pregnancy Registry. ( Montouris, G, 2003)
"The addition of gabapentin to moderate sedation during D&E did not result in lower maximum recalled procedural pain."	5.69	Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Brant, AR; Floyd, S; Lotke, PS; Reeves, MF; Scott, RK; Tefera, E; Ye, PP, 2023)
"This study aimed to determine whether gabapentin is more effective than standard-of-care therapy for treating hyperemesis gravidarum."	5.41	Effect of gabapentin on hyperemesis gravidarum: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. ( Guttuso, T; Messing, S; Mullin, P; Saha, S; Shepherd, R; Strittmatter, C; Thornburg, LL; Tu, X, 2021)
" GBP plasma concentrations in the neonates declined with an estimated half-life of 14 h."	5.33	Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy? ( Ohman, I; Tomson, T; Vitols, S, 2005)
"We have data on 223 pregnancy outcomes exposed to gabapentin and 223 unexposed pregnancies."	5.17	Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. ( Bernard, N; Einarson, A; Einarson, TR; Etwell, F; Fujii, H; Goel, A; Han, JY; Koren, G; Matsui, D; Pistelli, A; Stephens, S; Yates, LM, 2013)
" Gabapentin is currently FDA-approved for treating RLS and preliminary results have shown it may be effective for treating the most severe form of NVP, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)."	4.90	Potential maternal symptomatic benefit of gabapentin and review of its safety in pregnancy. ( Guttuso, T; Shaman, M; Thornburg, LL, 2014)
"Although its exact mode of action is not known, gabapentin appears to have a unique effect on voltage-dependent calcium ion channels at the postsynaptic dorsal horns and may, therefore, interrupt the series of events that possibly leads to the experience of a neuropathic pain sensation."	4.81	Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. ( Kam, PC; Rose, MA, 2002)
" Antiepileptic drugs, including gabapentin (GBP), lamotrigine (LTG), topiramate, and levetiracetam, are increasingly prescribed during pregnancy."	4.12	Uptake of antiepileptic drugs in forskolin-induced differentiated BeWo cells: alteration of gabapentin transport. ( Furugen, A; Ishikawa, S; Kobayashi, M; Koishikawa, M; Narumi, K; Ohyama, N, 2022)
" The general population model included age, hepatitis C virus infection, days of opioid used by type, number of cigarettes used daily, and the following medications used in the last 30 day of pregnancy: bupropion, antinausea medicines, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and gabapentin."	4.02	Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. ( Cooper, WO; Dudley, J; Harrell, FE; Hartmann, K; Martin, PR; Patrick, SW; Slaughter, JC; Stratton, S, 2021)
" We examined the risk of major congenital malformations and cardiac defects associated with gabapentin exposure during the first trimester (T1), and the risk of preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (NICUa) associated with gabapentin exposure early, late, or both early and late in pregnancy."	3.96	Gabapentin in pregnancy and the risk of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes: A population-based cohort study nested in the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract dataset. ( Bateman, BT; Cohen, JM; Desai, RJ; Hernandez-Diaz, S; Huybrechts, KF; Mogun, H; Patorno, E, 2020)
" She was diagnosed with shingles, started on valacyclovir and gabapentin, and eventually went on to deliver a healthy infant."	3.88	Shingles in Pregnancy: An Elusive Case of Left Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain. ( Chin, JM; Schlueter, RJ; Wong, JW, 2018)
" When medically indicated, limiting use of multiple psychiatric medications, particularly benzodiazepines and gabapentin, during pregnancy should be considered to improve NAS outcomes."	3.88	Impact of psychiatric medication co-exposure on Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome severity. ( Nikita, FNU; Saia, K; Schiff, DM; Shaw, D; Shrestha, H; Thomas, Z; Thomas-Lewis, JA; Wachman, EM; Warden, AH, 2018)
"Among 7 subjects with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), we found gabapentin therapy to be associated with mean reductions in nausea and emesis from Baseline to Days 12-14 of 80% and 94%, respectively."	3.76	Gabapentin use in hyperemesis gravidarum: a pilot study. ( Amankwah, KS; Guttuso, T; Robinson, LK, 2010)
"A total of 60 pregnant mice, divided into 12 groups of five mice each, were exposed to gabapentin in four different doses of 0 (control), 113, 226, or 452 mg/kg body weight per day, at three different gestational stages including early gestation (1-6 days), mid-gestation (7-12 days), and late gestation (13-17 days)."	3.74	Teratogenic effects of the anticonvulsant gabapentin in mice. ( Goel, RK; Madhyastha, S; Nasar, MA; Pai, MM; Prabhu, LV; Rai, R; Singh, G; Yadav, SK, 2008)
"The objective of this study was to assess the safety of gabapentin (Neurontin) exposure in human pregnancy."	3.72	Gabapentin exposure in human pregnancy: results from the Gabapentin Pregnancy Registry. ( Montouris, G, 2003)
"several parameters, concerning fertility were measured in 40 albino male rats of Sprague Dawley strain, they were divided into 4 groups, group one received vehicle (distilled water), group two received Vigabatrin in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, group three received Lamotrigine in a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, and group four received Gabapentin 100 mg/kg body weight."	3.72	The effect of Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine and Gabapentin on the fertility, weights, sex hormones and biochemical profiles of male rats. ( Abdul-Zahra, E; Bataineh, H; Daoud, AS; Otoom, S, 2004)
" In the last decade, pregnancy registries have been activated by collaborative groups of physicians in Europe (EURAP), North America (NAREP), Australia and India (the latter two recently merged into EURAP), to enroll a large number of exposed women to be monitored prospectively with standardized methods, and by three pharmaceutical companies marketing lamotrigine, gabapentin and vigabatrin, as part of their post-marketing surveillance."	3.71	Pregnancy registries in epilepsy. ( Annegers, JF; Beghi, E, 2001)
"Managing cancer-related pain in patients who are also pregnant compounds the challenge for adequate pain management, as studies have largely excluded this population."	3.01	Pharmacologic Management of Cancer-Related Pain in Pregnant Patients. ( McGinn, R; Smith, MA; Zerfas, I, 2023)
"However, it did reduce postoperative pain, which may prove to be a desired attribute of its use, particularly in cases where postoperative pain may be a greater challenge."	2.94	Gabapentin as an adjunct to paracervical block for perioperative pain management for first-trimester uterine aspiration: a randomized controlled trial. ( Cordes, SMD; Cwiak, CA; Ge, L; Gray, BA; Haddad, LB; Hailstorks, TP; Moore, RH, 2020)
"Gabapentin and placebo were well tolerated, with no statistically significant difference in side effects or anxiety levels."	2.90	Gabapentin for Perioperative Pain Management for Uterine Aspiration: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Crabtree, D; Gray, BA; Haddad, LB; Hagey, JM; Pieper, CF; Weber, JM; Wynn, C, 2019)
"Postoperative pain was measured at 24 and 48 h, at rest and on movement, on a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0 to 100 mm)."	2.80	A Perioperative Course of Gabapentin Does Not Produce a Clinically Meaningful Improvement in Analgesia after Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Bernstein, P; Carvalho, JC; Downey, K; Hoppe, DW; Monks, DT; Shah, V, 2015)
" Exposure to certain newer ASMs, such as lamotrigine and levetiracetam, does not thus far appear to impact certain aspects of neurodevelopment, but further delineation across the different neurodevelopmental domains and dosage levels is required."	2.72	Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children exposed to newer antiseizure medications: A systematic review. ( Bromley, RL; Knight, R; Wittkowski, A, 2021)
"Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological complications in pregnancy; some women continue to use antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) to control seizures."	2.66	[Transfer Mechanisms of Compounds between Mother and Fetus/Infant Aimed for Optimized Medication during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding]. ( Furugen, A, 2020)
" The efficacy of MMF as an immunosuppressant and long-term safety in cats of this dosage regimen is unknown."	2.61	( Abrams, G; Adolfsson, E; Agarwal, PK; Akkan, AG; Al Alhareth, NS; Alves, VGL; Armentano, R; Bahroos, E; Baig, M; Baldridge, KK; Barman, S; Bartolucci, C; Basit, A; Bertoli, SV; Bian, L; Bigatti, G; Bobenko, AI; Boix, PP; Bokulic, T; Bolink, HJ; Borowiec, J; Bulski, W; Burciaga, J; Butt, NS; Cai, AL; Campos, AM; Cao, G; Cao, Y; Čapo, I; Caruso, ML; Chao, CT; Cheatum, CM; Chelminski, K; Chen, AJW; Chen, C; Chen, CH; Chen, D; Chen, G; Chen, H; Chen, LH; Chen, R; Chen, RX; Chen, X; Cherdtrakulkiat, R; Chirvony, VS; Cho, JG; Chu, K; Ciurlino, D; Coletta, S; Contaldo, G; Crispi, F; Cui, JF; D'Esposito, M; de Biase, S; Demir, B; Deng, W; Deng, Z; Di Pinto, F; Domenech-Ximenos, B; Dong, G; Drácz, L; Du, XJ; Duan, LJ; Duan, Y; Ekendahl, D; Fan, W; Fang, L; Feng, C; Followill, DS; Foreman, SC; Fortunato, G; Frew, R; Fu, M; Gaál, V; Ganzevoort, W; Gao, DM; Gao, X; Gao, ZW; Garcia-Alvarez, A; Garza, MS; Gauthier, L; Gazzaz, ZJ; Ge, RS; Geng, Y; Genovesi, S; Geoffroy, V; Georg, D; Gigli, GL; Gong, J; Gong, Q; Groeneveld, J; Guerra, V; Guo, Q; Guo, X; Güttinger, R; Guyo, U; Haldar, J; Han, DS; Han, S; Hao, W; Hayman, A; He, D; Heidari, A; Heller, S; Ho, CT; Ho, SL; Hong, SN; Hou, YJ; Hu, D; Hu, X; Hu, ZY; Huang, JW; Huang, KC; Huang, Q; Huang, T; Hwang, JK; Izewska, J; Jablonski, CL; Jameel, T; Jeong, HK; Ji, J; Jia, Z; Jiang, W; Jiang, Y; Kalumpha, M; Kang, JH; Kazantsev, P; Kazemier, BM; Kebede, B; Khan, SA; Kiss, J; Kohen, A; Kolbenheyer, E; Konai, MM; Koniarova, I; Kornblith, E; Krawetz, RJ; Kreouzis, T; Kry, SF; Laepple, T; Lalošević, D; Lan, Y; Lawung, R; Lechner, W; Lee, KH; Lee, YH; Leonard, C; Li, C; Li, CF; Li, CM; Li, F; Li, J; Li, L; Li, S; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, YB; Li, Z; Liang, C; Lin, J; Lin, XH; Ling, M; Link, TM; Liu, HH; Liu, J; Liu, M; Liu, W; Liu, YP; Lou, H; Lu, G; Lu, M; Lun, SM; Ma, Z; Mackensen, A; Majumdar, S; Martineau, C; Martínez-Pastor, JP; McQuaid, JR; Mehrabian, H; Meng, Y; Miao, T; Miljković, D; Mo, J; Mohamed, HSH; Mohtadi, M; Mol, BWJ; Moosavi, L; Mosdósi, B; Nabu, S; Nava, E; Ni, L; Novakovic-Agopian, T; Nyamunda, BC; Nyul, Z; Önal, B; Özen, D; Özyazgan, S; Pajkrt, E; Palazon, F; Park, HW; Patai, Á; Patai, ÁV; Patzke, GR; Payette, G; Pedoia, V; Peelen, MJCS; Pellitteri, G; Peng, J; Perea, RJ; Pérez-Del-Rey, D; Popović, DJ; Popović, JK; Popović, KJ; Posecion, L; Povall, J; Prachayasittikul, S; Prachayasittikul, V; Prat-González, S; Qi, B; Qu, B; Rakshit, S; Ravelli, ACJ; Ren, ZG; Rivera, SM; Salo, P; Samaddar, S; Samper, JLA; Samy El Gendy, NM; Schmitt, N; Sekerbayev, KS; Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á; Sessolo, M; Severi, S; Sha, Y; Shen, FF; Shen, X; Shen, Y; Singh, P; Sinthupoom, N; Siri, S; Sitges, M; Slovak, JE; Solymosi, N; Song, H; Song, J; Song, M; Spingler, B; Stewart, I; Su, BL; Su, JF; Suming, L; Sun, JX; Tantimavanich, S; Tashkandi, JM; Taurbayev, TI; Tedgren, AC; Tenhunen, M; Thwaites, DI; Tibrewala, R; Tomsejm, M; Triana, CA; Vakira, FM; Valdez, M; Valente, M; Valentini, AM; Van de Winckel, A; van der Lee, R; Varga, F; Varga, M; Villarino, NF; Villemur, R; Vinatha, SP; Vincenti, A; Voskamp, BJ; Wang, B; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, HT; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, N; Wang, NC; Wang, Q; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wen, N; Wesolowska, P; Willis, M; Wu, C; Wu, D; Wu, L; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Xia, JM; Xia, X; Xia, Y; Xiao, J; Xiao, Y; Xie, CL; Xie, LM; Xie, S; Xing, Z; Xu, C; Xu, J; Yan, D; Yan, K; Yang, S; Yang, X; Yang, XW; Ye, M; Yin, Z; Yoon, N; Yoon, Y; Yu, H; Yu, K; Yu, ZY; Zhang, B; Zhang, GY; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YW; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, F; Zhao, P; Zhao, W; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C; Zhi, D; Zhou, C; Zhou, FY; Zhu, D; Zhu, J; Zhu, Q; Zinyama, NP; Zou, M; Zou, Z, 2019)
"Effective postoperative pain control is a goal for patients and physicians."	2.61	Perioperative gabapentin and post cesarean pain control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Berghella, V; Carvalho, JCA; Felder, L; Monks, DT; Saccone, G; Scuotto, S; Zullo, F, 2019)
"Idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) can severely affect quality of life and disturb sleep, so that pharmacological treatment is necessary, especially for elderly patients."	2.52	Restless legs syndrome-current therapies and management of augmentation. ( Inoue, Y; Paulus, W; Trenkwalder, C; Winkelmann, J, 2015)
"Recent awareness that chronic pain may occur after childbirth has prompted clinicians and researchers to investigate this topic."	2.49	Chronic pain after childbirth. ( Bollag, L; Landau, R; Ortner, C, 2013)
"Gabapentin patients were more likely than controls to have received neuraxial fentanyl (30% vs."	1.72	Post-cesarean gabapentin is not associated with lower opioid consumption or pain scores in women on chronic buprenorphine therapy: A 10-year retrospective cohort study. ( Bauchat, JR; Ende, HB; Feng, X; Raymond, BL; Richardson, MG; Shotwell, MS; Sorabella, LL, 2022)
"Gabapentin was thought to have low abuse potential, but it is increasingly being abused by people with substance use disorder in an attempt to potentiate the euphoric effects from opioids and other CNS depressants."	1.62	Patterns of Neonatal Co-Exposure to Gabapentin and Commonly Abused Drugs Observed in Umbilical Cord Tissue. ( McMillin, GA; Okoye, NC, 2021)
" It still remains unclear how much these drugs are safe during pregnancy."	1.51	The neurotoxic effects of prenatal gabapentin and oxcarbazepine exposure on newborn rats. ( Ayas, B; Ercument Beyhun, N; Erisgin, Z; Nyengaard, JR; Terzi, Y, 2019)
"Gabapentin (GBP) is a widely used antiepileptic drug, with potential for use in the treatment of epilepsy in pregnant women."	1.46	Involvement of l-type amino acid transporter 1 in the transport of gabapentin into human placental choriocarcinoma cells. ( Furugen, A; Hirano, T; Iseki, K; Ishiguro, Y; Kobayashi, M; Narumi, K; Nishimura, A, 2017)
"Infant delirium is an under-recognized clinical entity in neonatal intensive care, and earlier identification and treatment could minimize morbidities associated with this condition."	1.46	A case of infant delirium in the neonatal intensive care unit. ( Bidegain, M; Cotten, CM; Edwards, LE; Hornik, CD; Hutchison, LB; Smith, PB, 2017)
"Epidural lipomatosis was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging."	1.38	Epidural lipomatosis causing new debilitating back pain in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus on highly active antiretroviral therapy. ( Billings, F; Hoyt, MR, 2012)
"It is characterized by muscle spasms triggered by startle, voluntary movement, or tactile or emotional stimuli, occurring predominantly in the axial musculature."	1.37	Stiff person syndrome and pregnancy. ( Blaskiewicz, R; Goldkamp, J; Myles, T, 2011)
"Gabapentin appeared to be a safe, effective, and economical treatment for neuropathic pain in this horse."	1.34	Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse. ( Davis, JL; Elce, Y; Posner, LP, 2007)
" GBP plasma concentrations in the neonates declined with an estimated half-life of 14 h."	1.33	Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy? ( Ohman, I; Tomson, T; Vitols, S, 2005)

Research

Studies (71)

Authors

Clinical Trials (14)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Pain Score on 100-mm VAS (Visual Analog Scale) at 5 Minutes Post-procedure

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	4 (5.63)	18.2507
2000's	18 (25.35)	29.6817
2010's	34 (47.89)	24.3611
2020's	15 (21.13)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Ende, HB	1
Bauchat, JR	1
Sorabella, LL	1
Raymond, BL	1
Feng, X	1
Shotwell, MS	1
Richardson, MG	1
Wise, J	1
Koishikawa, M	1
Furugen, A	3
Ohyama, N	1
Narumi, K	2
Ishikawa, S	1
Kobayashi, M	2
Brant, AR	1
Reeves, MF	1
Ye, PP	1
Scott, RK	1
Floyd, S	1
Tefera, E	1
Lotke, PS	1
Fowler, C	1
Chu, AW	1
Guo, N	1
Ansari, JR	1
Shafer, SL	1
Flood, PD	2
Zerfas, I	1
McGinn, R	1
Smith, MA	1
Gray, BA	2
Hagey, JM	1
Crabtree, D	1
Wynn, C	1
Weber, JM	1
Pieper, CF	1
Haddad, LB	2
Bobenko, AI	1
Heller, S	1
Schmitt, N	1
Cherdtrakulkiat, R	1
Lawung, R	1
Nabu, S	1
Tantimavanich, S	1
Sinthupoom, N	1
Prachayasittikul, S	1
Prachayasittikul, V	1
Zhang, B	1
Wu, C	1
Zhang, Z	2
Yan, K	1
Li, C	2
Li, Y	4
Li, L	3
Zheng, C	1
Xiao, Y	1
He, D	1
Zhao, F	1
Su, JF	1
Lun, SM	1
Hou, YJ	1
Duan, LJ	1
Wang, NC	1
Shen, FF	1
Zhang, YW	1
Gao, ZW	1
Li, J	5
Du, XJ	1
Zhou, FY	1
Yin, Z	1
Zhu, J	2
Yan, D	1
Lou, H	1
Yu, H	1
Feng, C	1
Wang, Z	1
Wang, Y	4
Hu, X	1
Li, Z	2
Shen, Y	1
Hu, D	1
Chen, H	1
Wu, X	1
Duan, Y	1
Zhi, D	1
Zou, M	2
Zhao, Z	1
Zhang, X	2
Yang, X	2
Zhang, J	2
Wang, H	1
Popović, KJ	1
Popović, DJ	1
Miljković, D	1
Lalošević, D	1
Čapo, I	1
Popović, JK	1
Liu, M	1
Song, H	2
Xing, Z	1
Lu, G	1
Chen, D	1
Valentini, AM	1
Di Pinto, F	1
Coletta, S	1
Guerra, V	1
Armentano, R	1
Caruso, ML	1
Gong, J	1
Wang, N	1
Bian, L	1
Wang, M	1
Ye, M	1
Wen, N	1
Fu, M	1
Fan, W	1
Meng, Y	1
Dong, G	1
Lin, XH	1
Liu, HH	1
Gao, DM	1
Cui, JF	1
Ren, ZG	1
Chen, RX	1
Önal, B	1
Özen, D	1
Demir, B	1
Akkan, AG	1
Özyazgan, S	1
Payette, G	1
Geoffroy, V	1
Martineau, C	1
Villemur, R	1
Jameel, T	1
Baig, M	1
Gazzaz, ZJ	1
Tashkandi, JM	1
Al Alhareth, NS	1
Khan, SA	1
Butt, NS	1
Wang, J	2
Geng, Y	1
Zhang, Y	3
Wang, X	2
Liu, J	2
Basit, A	1
Miao, T	1
Liu, W	1
Jiang, W	1
Yu, ZY	1
Wu, L	2
Qu, B	1
Sun, JX	1
Cai, AL	1
Xie, LM	1
Groeneveld, J	1
Ho, SL	1
Mackensen, A	1
Mohtadi, M	1
Laepple, T	1
Genovesi, S	1
Nava, E	1
Bartolucci, C	1
Severi, S	1
Vincenti, A	1
Contaldo, G	1
Bigatti, G	1
Ciurlino, D	1
Bertoli, SV	1
Slovak, JE	1
Hwang, JK	1
Rivera, SM	1
Villarino, NF	1
Li, S	1
Cao, G	1
Ling, M	1
Ji, J	1
Zhao, D	1
Sha, Y	1
Gao, X	1
Liang, C	2
Guo, Q	1
Zhou, C	1
Ma, Z	1
Xu, J	1
Wang, C	1
Zhao, W	1
Xia, X	1
Jiang, Y	1
Peng, J	1
Jia, Z	1
Li, F	1
Chen, X	2
Mo, J	1
Zhang, S	2
Li, X	1
Huang, T	1
Zhu, Q	1
Wang, S	1
Ge, RS	1
Fortunato, G	1
Lin, J	2
Agarwal, PK	1
Kohen, A	1
Singh, P	1
Cheatum, CM	1
Zhu, D	1
Hayman, A	1
Kebede, B	1
Stewart, I	1
Chen, G	1
Frew, R	1
Guo, X	1
Gong, Q	1
Borowiec, J	1
Han, S	1
Zhang, M	1
Willis, M	1
Kreouzis, T	1
Yu, K	1
Chirvony, VS	1
Sekerbayev, KS	1
Pérez-Del-Rey, D	1
Martínez-Pastor, JP	1
Palazon, F	1
Boix, PP	1
Taurbayev, TI	1
Sessolo, M	1
Bolink, HJ	1
Lu, M	1
Lan, Y	1
Xiao, J	1
Song, M	1
Chen, C	1
Huang, Q	1
Cao, Y	1
Ho, CT	1
Qi, B	1
Wang, Q	1
Zhang, W	1
Fang, L	1
Xie, CL	1
Chen, R	1
Yang, S	1
Xia, JM	1
Zhang, GY	1
Chen, CH	1
Yang, XW	1
Domenech-Ximenos, B	1
Garza, MS	1
Prat-González, S	1
Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á	1
Crispi, F	1
Perea, RJ	1
Garcia-Alvarez, A	1
Sitges, M	1
Kalumpha, M	1
Guyo, U	1
Zinyama, NP	1
Vakira, FM	1
Nyamunda, BC	1
Varga, M	1
Drácz, L	1
Kolbenheyer, E	1
Varga, F	1
Patai, ÁV	1
Solymosi, N	1
Patai, Á	1
Kiss, J	1
Gaál, V	1
Nyul, Z	1
Mosdósi, B	1
Valdez, M	1
Moosavi, L	1
Heidari, A	1
Novakovic-Agopian, T	1
Kornblith, E	1
Abrams, G	1
McQuaid, JR	1
Posecion, L	1
Burciaga, J	1
D'Esposito, M	1
Chen, AJW	1
Samy El Gendy, NM	1
Wesolowska, P	1
Georg, D	1
Lechner, W	1
Kazantsev, P	1
Bokulic, T	1
Tedgren, AC	1
Adolfsson, E	1
Campos, AM	1
Alves, VGL	1
Suming, L	1
Hao, W	1
Ekendahl, D	1
Koniarova, I	1
Bulski, W	1
Chelminski, K	1
Samper, JLA	1
Vinatha, SP	1
Rakshit, S	1
Siri, S	1
Tomsejm, M	1
Tenhunen, M	1
Povall, J	1
Kry, SF	1
Followill, DS	1
Thwaites, DI	1
Izewska, J	1
Kang, JH	1
Yoon, Y	1
Song, J	1
Van de Winckel, A	1
Gauthier, L	1
Chao, CT	1
Lee, YH	1
Li, CM	1
Han, DS	1
Huang, JW	1
Huang, KC	1
Ni, L	1
Güttinger, R	1
Triana, CA	1
Spingler, B	1
Baldridge, KK	1
Patzke, GR	1
Shen, X	1
Wang, B	1
Xie, S	1
Deng, W	1
Wu, D	1
Zhang, Q	1
Voskamp, BJ	1
Peelen, MJCS	1
Ravelli, ACJ	1
van der Lee, R	1
Mol, BWJ	1
Pajkrt, E	1
Ganzevoort, W	1
Kazemier, BM	1
Tibrewala, R	1
Bahroos, E	1
Mehrabian, H	1
Foreman, SC	1
Link, TM	1
Pedoia, V	1
Majumdar, S	1
Jablonski, CL	1
Leonard, C	1
Salo, P	1
Krawetz, RJ	1
Yoon, N	1
Hong, SN	1
Cho, JG	1
Jeong, HK	1
Lee, KH	1
Park, HW	1
Barman, S	1
Konai, MM	1
Samaddar, S	1
Haldar, J	1
Mohamed, HSH	1
Li, CF	1
Hu, ZY	1
Deng, Z	1
Chen, LH	1
Su, BL	1
Chu, K	1
Liu, YP	1
Li, YB	1
Zhang, H	1
Xu, C	1
Zou, Z	1
Wu, Z	1
Xia, Y	1
Zhao, P	1
Wang, HT	1
de Biase, S	1
Pellitteri, G	1
Gigli, GL	1
Valente, M	1
Loudin, S	2
Haas, J	2
Payne, M	1
Linz, MF	1
Meaney-Delman, D	1
Honein, MA	1
Saunders, A	1
Maddox, TR	1
Andrews, L	1
Miller, B	1
Davies, TH	1
Creinin, MD	1
Schimmoeller, NR	1
Matulich, MC	1
Hou, MY	1
Melo, J	1
Chen, MJ	1
Hailstorks, TP	1
Cordes, SMD	1
Cwiak, CA	1
Ge, L	1
Moore, RH	1
Okoye, NC	1
McMillin, GA	1
Patorno, E	1
Hernandez-Diaz, S	2
Huybrechts, KF	1
Desai, RJ	1
Cohen, JM	1
Mogun, H	1
Bateman, BT	1
Patrick, SW	1
Slaughter, JC	1
Harrell, FE	1
Martin, PR	1
Hartmann, K	1
Dudley, J	1
Stratton, S	1
Cooper, WO	1
Guttuso, T	3
Messing, S	1
Tu, X	1
Mullin, P	1
Shepherd, R	1
Strittmatter, C	1
Saha, S	1
Thornburg, LL	2
Knight, R	1
Wittkowski, A	1
Bromley, RL	1
Khezri, MB	1
Nasseh, N	1
Soltanian, G	1
Mostacci, B	1
Poluzzi, E	1
D'Alessandro, R	1
Cocchi, G	1
Tinuper, P	1
Erisgin, Z	1
Ayas, B	1
Nyengaard, JR	1
Ercument Beyhun, N	1
Terzi, Y	1
Wong, JW	1
Chin, JM	1
Schlueter, RJ	1
Wachman, EM	1
Warden, AH	1
Thomas, Z	1
Thomas-Lewis, JA	1
Shrestha, H	1
Nikita, FNU	1
Shaw, D	1
Saia, K	1
Schiff, DM	1
Potter, B	1
Schrager, S	1
Dalby, J	1
Torell, E	1
Hampton, A	1
Felder, L	1
Saccone, G	1
Scuotto, S	1
Monks, DT	2
Carvalho, JCA	1
Zullo, F	1
Berghella, V	1
Carvalho, B	1
Sutton, CD	1
Kowalczyk, JJ	1
Daugaard, CA	1
Sun, Y	1
Dreier, JW	1
Christensen, J	1
Landau, R	1
Bollag, L	1
Ortner, C	1
Nagandla, K	1
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Fujii, H	1
Goel, A	1
Bernard, N	1
Pistelli, A	1
Yates, LM	1
Stephens, S	1
Han, JY	1
Matsui, D	1
Etwell, F	1
Einarson, TR	1
Koren, G	1
Einarson, A	1
Najafi Anaraki, A	1
Mirzaei, K	1
Shaman, M	1
Hoppe, DW	1
Downey, K	2
Shah, V	3
Bernstein, P	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Gabapentin as an Adjunct for Pain Management During Dilation and Evacuation: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03635905]	Phase 4	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-26	Completed
Gabapentin as an Adjunct to Perioperative Pain Management Regimens for Uterine Aspiration: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02725710]	Phase 2	96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
Addition of Buprenorphine to Paracervical Block Prior to Osmotic Dilator Insertion for Dilation and Evacuation: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04254081]	Phase 4	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-05-28	Completed
Gabapentin as an Adjunct to Paracervical Block for Perioperative Pain Management for Surgical Abortion: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02944656]	Phase 4	114 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-08	Completed
Comparison of Gabapentin and Metoclopramide for Treating Hyperemesis Gravidarum[NCT02163434]	Phase 2	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Preoperative Administration of Gabapentin in Managing Intraoperative and Postoperative Pain From Third Molar Extractions.[NCT04860141]	Phase 4	98 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-16	Recruiting
Does Pregabalin Improve Post-operative Pain After C-section Delivery[NCT04259073]		138 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-01	Completed
Patient-Driven Analgesic Protocol Selection for Post-Cesarean Pain Management[NCT02605187]		160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
"Determining the Effect of an Alternate Recovery Protocol Versus Current Standard of Care After Cesarean Section"[NCT03330119]	Phase 3	1,494 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-04	Terminated (stopped due to Lack of Funding/ Resident in charge graduated)
Gabapentin Regimens and Their Effects on Opioid Consumption[NCT03334903]	Phase 4	77 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-15	Completed
Diode Laser as a Biomarker for Neuropathic Pain of Peripheral Origin.[NCT06030297]		301 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-01	Recruiting
Imaging Framework for Testing GABAergic/Glutamatergic Drugs in Bipolar Alcoholics[NCT03220776]	Phase 2	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-07	Completed
Gabapentin for Pain Control After Osmotic Dilator Insertion and Prior to D&E Procedure: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03080493]	Phase 4	121 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-20	Completed
Gabapentin as a Pre-emptive Analgesic in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Procedures[NCT02957097]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to Original PI left institution and the PI who took over was not able to initiate the study so it was never started.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Score range of 0 to 100, where 0 means no pain and 100 means worst pain in my life. (NCT02725710)
Timeframe: 5 minutes

Number of Subjects Experiencing Perioperative Vomiting

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group 1: Placebo	35.7
Group 2: Gabapentin	37.1

(NCT02725710)
Timeframe: Baseline (pre-operatively immediately prior to the procedure), 10 minutes, 30 minutes

Number of Subjects Experiencing Side Effects

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Baseline	10 minutes	30 minutes
Group 1: Placebo	1	1	1
Group 2: Gabapentin	0	2	5

Side effects noted are dizziness, ataxia, somnolence, asthenia, headache, and amblyopia. (NCT02725710)
Timeframe: 10 minutes post-procedure

Number of Subjects Using Pain Medications

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Dizziness	Ataxia	Somnolence	Asthenia	Headache	Amblyopia
Group 1: Placebo	14	8	37	31	5	3
Group 2: Gabapentin	20	6	41	27	5	3

Pain medications included ibuprofen and oxycodone. (NCT02725710)
Timeframe: 24 hours post-operatively

Pain Score on the 100-mm VAS

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	No pain medication	Ibuprofen only	Ibuprofen and oxycodone	Oxycodone only
Group 1: Placebo	10	23	9	6
Group 2: Gabapentin	17	23	6	1

Measured at baseline, 10 minutes post-procedure, and 30 minutes post-procedure. Score range of 0 to 100, where 0 means no pain and 100 means worst pain in my life. (NCT02725710)
Timeframe: Baseline (pre-operatively immediately prior to the procedure), 10 minutes, 30 minute

Perioperative Anxiety as Measured by the 100-mm VAS

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Baseline	10 minutes	30 minutes
Group 1: Placebo	3.3	19.8	12.6
Group 2: Gabapentin	3.0	20.0	9.5

Score range of 0 to 100, where 0 means no anxiety and 100 means extremely anxious. (NCT02725710)
Timeframe: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, discharge

Perioperative Nausea as Measured by 100-mm VAS

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	5 minutes	10 minutes	30 minutes	Discharge
Group 1: Placebo	24.5	14.5	13.3	10.5
Group 2: Gabapentin	23.5	11.0	7.0	8.0

Score range of 0 to 100, where 0 means no nausea and 100 means worst nausea in my life. (NCT02725710)
Timeframe: Baseline (pre-operatively immediately prior to the procedure), 10 minutes, 30 minutes

Pain Score 1 Hour After Osmotic Dilator Insertion

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Baseline	10 minutes	30 minutes
Group 1: Placebo	3.0	2.5	2.3
Group 2: Gabapentin	3.0	1.0	1.0

Median pain score on a 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain) numeric rating scale 1 hour after osmotic dilator insertion assessed via text message (NCT04254081)
Timeframe: 1 hour after osmotic dilator insertion

Pain Score 2 Hours After Osmotic Dilator Insertion

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Buprenorphine 0.15mg + 1% Lidocaine Paracervical Block	2
1% Lidocaine Paracervical Block	3.5

Median pain score on a 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain) numeric rating scale 2 hours after osmotic dilator insertion assessed via text message (NCT04254081)
Timeframe: 2 hours after osmotic dilator insertion

Pain Score 6 Hours After Osmotic Dilator Insertion

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Buprenorphine 0.15mg + 1% Lidocaine Paracervical Block	3
1% Lidocaine Paracervical Block	3.5

Median pain score on a 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain) numeric rating scale 6 hours after osmotic dilator insertion assessed via text message (NCT04254081)
Timeframe: 6 hours after osmotic dilator insertion

Pain Score at the Time of Osmotic Dilator Insertion

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Buprenorphine 0.15mg + 1% Lidocaine Paracervical Block	3
1% Lidocaine Paracervical Block	3

Median pain score on a 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain) numeric rating scale at the time of osmotic dilator insertion (NCT04254081)
Timeframe: Assessed immediately after last dilator inserted

Moderate Pain at Postoperation Follow-up Assessment

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Buprenorphine 0.15mg + 1% Lidocaine Paracervical Block	3.5
1% Lidocaine Paracervical Block	4.0

"During the Postoperative Day 1 phone call, participants self reported how much they experienced moderate pain in the last 24 hours where 10 = none of the time and 0 = all of the time. Moderate pain was defined according to the perception of each participant." (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: Postoperative Day 1

Nausea or Vomiting at Postoperation Follow-up Assessment

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin Group	5.2
Placebo Group	5.2

During the Postoperative Day 1 phone call, participants self reported how much they experienced nausea or vomiting in the last 24 hours where 10 = none of the time and 0 = all of the time. Nausea and vomiting were self-reported together as a single outcome. (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: Postoperative Day 1

Number of Participants Using Pain Medication

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin Group	2.3
Placebo Group	3.2

The number of participants reporting filling and using the prescription for ibuprofen postoperatively. During the follow-up phone call on the day after the procedure, participants were asked whether or not they filled the pain medication prescription and if they took any of the medication. (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: Postoperative Day 1

Severe Pain at Postoperation Follow-up Assessment

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Gabapentin Group	24
Placebo Group	27

"During the Postoperative Day 1 phone call, participants self reported how much they experienced severe pain in the last 24 hours where 10 = none of the time and 0 = all of the time. Severe pain was defined according to the perception of each participant." (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: Postoperative Day 1

Anxiety Levels

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin Group	3.5
Placebo Group	3.2

"Participants reported how much anxiety they were currently experiencing on a 100-point scale where No Anxiety is scored as 0 and Extremely Anxious is scored as 100. Anxiety is reported for the time periods of immediately prior to the procedure, 10 minutes after the procedure, and 30 minutes after the procedure." (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: Pre-procedure through post-procedure on Study Day 1

Pain at Time of Uterine Evacuation

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	Prior to procedure	10 minutes post-procedure	30 minutes post-procedure
Gabapentin Group	66	14	4
Placebo Group	72	17	2

"The primary outcome measure is a pain score using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) measured intraoperatively at time of evacuation. No pain is scored as 0 and worst pain imaginable is scored as 100." (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: During the procedure on Study Day 1

Perioperative Nausea

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Paracervical block	Dilation	Aspiration
Gabapentin Group	63.79	64.58	67.77
Placebo Group	62.21	66.12	71.06

"Nausea level was measured using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) to log the change in nausea levels between the study arms. No nausea is reported as 0 while worst nausea I have ever felt is reported at 100. Nausea was reported immediately prior to the procedure, 10 minutes following the procedure, and 30 minutes following the procedure." (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: Pre-procedure through post-procedure on Study Day 1

Perioperative Pain Level

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	Prior to procedure	10 minutes post-procedure	30 minutes post-procedure
Gabapentin Group	26	1	0
Placebo Group	26	12	5

"Pain level at a variety of time points will be measured using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) to log the change in pain levels between the study arms. No pain is scored as 0 and worst pain imaginable is scored as 100. Pain will be assessed immediately prior to the procedure, at completion of the procedure (removal of the speculum), 10 minutes following the procedure, and 30 minutes following the procedure (at discharge)." (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: Pre-procedure through post-procedure on Study Day 1

Perioperative Vomiting

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Prior to procedure	Speculum removal	10 minutes post-procedure	30 minutes post-procedure
Gabapentin Group	20.76	44.10	30.64	20.89
Placebo Group	22.48	47.61	43.68	31.65

Participants reported if they vomited during the perioperative period to assess changes in vomiting incidences between the study arms. Vomiting is reported for the time periods of immediately prior to the procedure, 10 minutes following the procedure, and 30 minutes following the procedure. (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: Pre-procedure through post-procedure on Study Day 1

Side Effects

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Prior to procedure	10 minutes post-procedure	30 minutes post-procedure
Gabapentin Group	4	5	5
Placebo Group	7	2	5

Participants were asked if they experienced dizziness, lack of muscle control, sleepiness or drowsiness, weakness or lack of energy, headache, or visual changes. (NCT02944656)
Timeframe: 10 and 30 minutes post procedure on Study Day 1

Baseline Adjusted Mean Daily Motherisk-PUQE Total Scores (Pregnancy-unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea Scale) for Days 5-7

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Dizziness 10 minutes post-procedure	Dizziness 30 minutes post-procedure	Lack of muscle control 10 minutes post-procedure	Lack of muscle control 30 minutes post-procedure	Sleepiness/drowsiness 10 minutes post-procedure	Sleepiness/drowsiness 30 minutes post-procedure	Weakness 10 minutes post-procedure	Weakness 30 minutes post-procedure	Headache 10 minutes post-procedure	Headache 30 minutes post-procedure	Vision changes 10 minutes post-procedure	Vision changes 30 minutes post-procedure
Gabapentin Group	27	19	9	5	38	30	33	20	5	4	9	3
Placebo Group	23	15	9	10	34	29	34	28	4	4	11	5

Score range: 6-30 with higher score indicating a worse outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Baseline Adjusted Mean Daily Nausea Scores From the Motherisk-PUQE for Days 5-7.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	6.35
Metoclopramide	13.22

Score range: 2-10 with higher score indicating a worse outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Baseline Adjusted Mean Daily Oral Nutrition Score for Days 5-7

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	2.01
Metoclopramide	3.69

Score range: 0-15 with higher score indicating a better outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Desire to Continue Therapy at Study Endpoint

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	7.86
Metoclopramide	4.01

Scores: 0=no, 1=yes. Thus, a higher score indicates a better outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Global Satisfaction of Treatment at the Study Endpoint.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	0.67
Metoclopramide	0.14

Score range: 0-4 with higher score indicating a better outcome. (NCT02163434)
Timeframe: 1 week

Percent of Subjects Requiring Repeat iv Hydration or Hospital Admission for HG From the Outpatient Setting.

Counts of Participants With Presence of Nausea

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin	2.22
Metoclopramide	0.63

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Gabapentin	5
Metoclopramide	5

Count of participants with nausea through 48 hours after delivery. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 0-48 hours after delivery

Time to Discharge

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
No Choice	11
Choice: Low Protocol	7
Choice: Medium Protocol	33
Choice: High Protocol	10

Minutes from delivery until discharge. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: Delivery through discharge (average 4 days)

Average Number of Vomiting Episodes After Delivery

Count of Participants Who Need Medical Treatment of Pruritus

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
No Choice	4771.9
Choice: Low Protocol	4652.1
Choice: Medium Protocol	5278.9
Choice: High Protocol	5722.3

Intervention	vomiting episodes (Mean)
	0-24 hours after delivery	24-48 hours after delivery
Choice: High Protocol	1.3	0
Choice: Low Protocol	0.3	0
Choice: Medium Protocol	0.5	0
No Choice	0.6	0

Count of participants who need medical treatment of pruritus during first 48 hours after delivery. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 0-24 and 24-48 hours after delivery

Count of Participants Who Need Opioid Use

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	0-24 hours after delivery	24-48 hours after delivery
Choice: High Protocol	3	0
Choice: Low Protocol	2	0
Choice: Medium Protocol	12	2
No Choice	7	2

Count of participants who need opioid use through 48 hours after delivery. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 0-24 and 24-48 hours after delivery

Count of Participants With Presence of Pruritus

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	0-24 hours after delivery	24-48 hours after delivery
Choice: High Protocol	13	14
Choice: Low Protocol	14	8
Choice: Medium Protocol	50	42
No Choice	27	23

Count of participants with pruritus through 48 hours after delivery. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 0-24 and 24-48 hours after delivery

Counts of Participants Who Need Medical Treatment for Nausea

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	0-24 hours after delivery	24-48 hours after delivery
Choice: High Protocol	13	7
Choice: Low Protocol	11	3
Choice: Medium Protocol	63	29
No Choice	27	12

Counts of participants who need medical treatment of nausea through 48 hours after delivery. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 0-24 and 24-48 hours after delivery

Nausea Score Score at 24 and 48 After Delivery

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	0-24 hours after delivery	24-48 hours after delivery
Choice: High Protocol	9	0
Choice: Low Protocol	9	1
Choice: Medium Protocol	20	0
No Choice	8	0

Score was rated on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0=no nausea and 10=most nausea. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 0-24 and 24-48 hours after delivery

Opioid Consumption in the 0-48 Hour Study Periods.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	0-24 hours after delivery	24-48 hours after delivery
Choice: High Protocol	1.8	0.2
Choice: Low Protocol	1.1	0.2
Choice: Medium Protocol	1.5	0.2
No Choice	1.3	0.3

Opioid consumption was measured in milligram morphine equivalents in the 0-24 and 24-48 hour study periods. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 0-24 and 24-48 hour postoperative periods

Pain Scores

Intervention	milligram morphine equivalents (MMEQ) (Median)
	0-24 hours	24-48 hours
Choice: High Protocol	5	30
Choice: Low Protocol	5	0
Choice: Medium Protocol	10	5
No Choice	10	10

Pain scores at rest and at movement post-cesarean delivery. Score was rated on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0=no pain and 10=worst imaginable pain. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after delivery

Patient Overall Satisfaction With Postoperative Analgesia

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Pain at rest at 3 hours	Pain at movement at 3 hours	Pain at rest at 6 hours	Pain at movement at 6 hours	Pain at rest at 12 hours	Pain at movement at 12 hours	Pain at rest at 24 hours	Pain at movement at 24 hours	Pain at rest tat 36 hours	Pain at movement at 36 hours	Pain at rest at 48 hours	Pain at movement at 48 hours
Choice: High Protocol	2.2	4.1	1.5	3.8	1.7	3.2	2.3	3.6	3.1	4.8	3.3	4.8
Choice: Low Protocol	1.8	3.4	2.7	4.4	2.1	4.7	1.9	4.1	1.7	4.0	2.0	3.9
Choice: Medium Protocol	1.9	3.2	2.2	3.8	1.9	3.6	2.2	4.3	2.6	4.5	2.0	3.6
No Choice	1.6	3.2	2.3	4.0	1.5	3.0	2.2	4.5	1.5	3.5	1.7	3.5

Score was rated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0=completely unsatisfied and 100=completely satisfied. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 24 and 48 hours after delivery

Pruritus Score at 24 and 48 After Delivery

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	24 hours after delivery	48 hours after delivery
Choice: High Protocol	93.3	89.3
Choice: Low Protocol	90.3	92.6
Choice: Medium Protocol	94.1	91.2
No Choice	87.2	89.9

Score was rated on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0=no itching and 10=most itching. (NCT02605187)
Timeframe: 24 and 48 hours following delivery

Narcotic Utilization

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	24 hours after delivery	48 hours after delivery
Choice: High Protocol	4.5	1.1
Choice: Low Protocol	1.7	0.2
Choice: Medium Protocol	3.7	1.0
No Choice	4.2	0.8

"total narcotic utilization measured with Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME)~The conversion scale being used will be the Center for Disease Control and Prevention Morphine Equivalent Score.~Lower scores represent less opioid use and a better outcome. Higher scores represent more opioid use and a worse outcome." (NCT03330119)
Timeframe: From time of consent until hospital discharge (3 days)

"VAS Score 1: How Much Pain do You Feel in Your Operative Site When Resting?"

Intervention	MME (Mean)
Alternate Management	33.3
Control	47.2

Surgical site pain. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months after surgery (at 2nd postoperative appointment)

"VAS Score 2: How Much Pain do You Feel in Your Operative Site When Moving?"

Intervention	score on 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	2.26
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	2.46

Surgical site pain. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

"VAS Score 3: How Well Are You Sleeping?"

Intervention	score on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	3.84
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	3.54

Sleep quality. Scale 0-10 with 0 worst and 10 best. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

"VAS Score 4: How Bad is Your Nausea?"

Intervention	score on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	5.73
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	6.38

Nausea. Scale 0-10, with 0 best and 10 worst. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

"VAS Score 5: How Satisfied Are You With Your Pain Management?"

Intervention	score on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	0.36
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	0.17

Satisfaction. Scale 0-10 with 0 worst and 10 best. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Days Taking Opioids

Intervention	score on a 10-point scale (Mean)
Standard of Care	7.83
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	8.48

Number of days until patients are finished consuming opioid medications after discharge. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (measured at second postoperative appointment).

Opioid Consumption

Intervention	days (Mean)
Standard of Care	14.8
Postoperative Gabapentin Regimen	18.7

Mean opioid consumption, measured in mg of morphine equivalents. (NCT03334903)
Timeframe: 2-3 months following surgery (total amount measured at second postoperative appointment; means assessed afterwards).

Prefrontal GABA+ Concentrations

Concentrations of GABA+, referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (i.e., MEGA-PRESS). (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition

Prefrontal Glx Concentrations

Concentrations of Glx (i.e., glutamate + glutamine), referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at 2 Hours After Dilator Insertion

Pain score based on numeric rating scale (NRS [0 lowest value to 10 highest value, in which 0 is the lowest amount of pain and 10 is the highest amount of pain]); Baseline obtained prior to study drug ingestion/dilator insertion. NRS pain score obtained via text message. (NCT03080493)
Timeframe: 2 hours after insertion of last osmotic dilator

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at 4 Hours After Dilator Insertion

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at 5 Minutes After Last Dilator Insertion

Pain score based on numeric rating scale (NRS [0 lowest value to 10 highest value, in which 0 is the lowest amount of pain and 10 is the highest amount of pain]); Baseline obtained prior to study drug ingestion/dilator insertion. NRS pain score obtained in person before subject leaves clinic appointment. (NCT03080493)
Timeframe: 5 minutes after insertion of last osmotic dilator

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at 8 Hours After Dilator Insertion

Mean Change From Baseline in NRS Pain Score at Time of Presentation for D&E Procedure (Day Following Dilator Insertion)

Pain score based on numeric rating scale (NRS [0 lowest value to 10 highest value, in which 0 is the lowest amount of pain and 10 is the highest amount of pain]); Baseline obtained prior to study drug ingestion/dilator insertion. NRS pain score obtained in person upon presentation for D&E procedure. (NCT03080493)
Timeframe: Time of presentation for D&E (day after dilator insertion)

Number of Participants Using Narcotic Pain Medication (Acetaminophen/Codeine)

Subject account of how many used acetaminophen/codeine (standard medications given for supplement NSAID as needed after dilator insertion) (NCT03080493)
Timeframe: Collected between each subject contact (2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours after dilator insertion and at time of presentation for D&E procedure)

Intervention	mmol/kg (Mean)
N-Acetylcysteine	21.59
Gabapentin	21.69
Placebo Oral Tablet	22.25

Article	Year
Pharmacologic Management of Cancer-Related Pain in Pregnant Patients. Drugs, 2023, Volume: 83, Issue:12 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Cancer Pain; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; N	2023
Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 2019, Volume: 475, Issue:2227 Topics: Acetylcholine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Actinobacteria; Action Potentials; Adalimumab; Adaptation, P	2019
[Transfer Mechanisms of Compounds between Mother and Fetus/Infant Aimed for Optimized Medication during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding]. Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, 2020, Volume: 140, Issue:10 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Biological Transport; Breast Feeding; Cell Line; Epilepsy; Female;	2020
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children exposed to newer antiseizure medications: A systematic review. Epilepsia, 2021, Volume: 62, Issue:8 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Lacosamide; Lamotrigine; Levetiracetam; Oxcarbaz	2021
Menopause. Primary care, 2018, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Contraception; Endometrial Neoplasms; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Gabapentin; Hot Flashes;	2018
Perioperative gabapentin and post cesarean pain control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2019, Volume: 233 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Pa	2019
Perioperative gabapentin and post cesarean pain control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2019, Volume: 233 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Pa	2019
Perioperative gabapentin and post cesarean pain control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2019, Volume: 233 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Pa	2019
Perioperative gabapentin and post cesarean pain control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2019, Volume: 233 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Pa	2019
Chronic pain after childbirth. International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Pain; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Cesarea	2013
Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology and modern management. Postgraduate medical journal, 2013, Volume: 89, Issue:1053 Topics: Amines; Anemia; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diagnosis, Differential; Dopamine Agon	2013
Potential maternal symptomatic benefit of gabapentin and review of its safety in pregnancy. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2014, Volume: 181 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Birth Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female	2014
Restless legs syndrome-current therapies and management of augmentation. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2015, Volume: 11, Issue:8 Topics: Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dopamine Agonists; Drug Sy	2015
[Preconceptional and perinatal challenges of pregnancy in women with epilepsy]. Orvosi hetilap, 2016, Apr-10, Volume: 157, Issue:15 Topics: Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epileps	2016
[When the legs have to keep moving at night--the restless legs syndrome]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2007, May-21, Volume: 149 Suppl 2 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Child; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dopamine Ago	2007
Gabapentin. Epilepsia, 1995, Volume: 36 Suppl 2 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanecarbo	1995
The new antiepileptic drugs. Archives of disease in childhood, 1996, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Pre	1996
Special considerations: use of lithium in children, adolescents, and elderly populations. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1998, Volume: 59 Suppl 6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Amines; Anticonvulsants	1998
Mood stabilizers during breastfeeding: a review. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Bipolar Disorder; Breast Feeding; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarbo	2000
Effects of antimanic mood-stabilizing drugs on fetuses, neonates, and nursing infants. Southern medical journal, 2001, Volume: 94, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Adult; Amines; Antimanic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Breast Feed	2001
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002
Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 2002, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamm	2002

Article	Year
Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Contraception, 2023, Volume: 118 Topics: Dilatation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fentanyl; Gabapentin; Humans; Midazolam; Nausea; Pain; Pain	2023
Outpatient Treatment With Gabapentin in Women With Severe Acute Pain After Cesarean Delivery Is Ineffective: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2023, 06-01, Volume: 136, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Pain; Analgesics, Opioid; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Ibup	2023
Gabapentin for Perioperative Pain Management for Uterine Aspiration: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2019, Volume: 134, Issue:3 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Combined Modality	2019
Gabapentin as an adjunct to paracervical block for perioperative pain management for first-trimester uterine aspiration: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2020, Volume: 223, Issue:6 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthesia, Obstetri	2020
Effect of gabapentin on hyperemesis gravidarum: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM, 2021, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Antiemetics; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Infant, Newborn; Ondansetron; Pregn	2021
The comparative preemptive analgesic efficacy of addition of vitamin B complex to gabapentin versus gabapentin alone in women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A prospective randomized double-blind study. Medicine, 2017, Volume: 96, Issue:15 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexaneca	2017
Impact of patient choice for different postcesarean delivery analgesic protocols on opioid consumption: a randomized prospective clinical trial. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine, 2019, Volume: 44, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Cesarean Section; Drug Delivery Systems	2019
Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. Neurology, 2013, Apr-23, Volume: 80, Issue:17 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Ga	2013
The effect of gabapentin versus intrathecal fentanyl on postoperative pain and morphine consumption in cesarean delivery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2014, Volume: 290, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Secti	2014
A Perioperative Course of Gabapentin Does Not Produce a Clinically Meaningful Improvement in Analgesia after Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology, 2015, Volume: 123, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Double-Blind Method; Femal	2015
Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho	2011
Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho	2011
Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho	2011
Gabapentin improves postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho	2011
A single preoperative dose of gabapentin does not improve postcesarean delivery pain management: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2012, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Apgar Sc	2012
Post-partum cerebral angiopathy: repetitive TCD, MRI, MRA, and EEG examinations. Neurological research, 2002, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anticonvulsants; Aspirin; Brain Ed	2002

Article	Year
Post-cesarean gabapentin is not associated with lower opioid consumption or pain scores in women on chronic buprenorphine therapy: A 10-year retrospective cohort study. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2022, Volume: 77 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Pregna	2022
Avoid prescribing pregabalin during pregnancy if possible, says UK drug regulator. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2022, 04-21, Volume: 377 Topics: Analgesics; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Pregabalin; Pregnancy; Unite	2022
Uptake of antiepileptic drugs in forskolin-induced differentiated BeWo cells: alteration of gabapentin transport. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 2022, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Amines; Amino Acids; Anticonvulsants; Colforsin; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Placenta; Pregnancy; Tr	2022
Identifying Co-Exposure to Opiates and Gabapentin During Pregnancy. The Journal of pediatrics, 2020, Volume: 217 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gabapentin; Humans	2020
Abnormal Presentation of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Attributed to Polysubstance Exposure. The American journal of case reports, 2019, Nov-20, Volume: 20 Topics: Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine; Female; Gabapentin; Heroin; Humans; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant,	2019
Gabapentin for pain management after osmotic dilator insertion and prior to dilation and evacuation: A randomized controlled trial. Contraception, 2020, Volume: 101, Issue:3 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Dilatation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gabapentin; G	2020
Patterns of Neonatal Co-Exposure to Gabapentin and Commonly Abused Drugs Observed in Umbilical Cord Tissue. Journal of analytical toxicology, 2021, May-14, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; S	2021
Gabapentin in pregnancy and the risk of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes: A population-based cohort study nested in the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract dataset. PLoS medicine, 2020, Volume: 17, Issue:9 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Infant, Small for Ge	2020
Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics, 2021, Volume: 229 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Antiemetics; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bupropion; Female; Gabapentin	2021
Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to gabapentin and pregabalin: data from a population-based study. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2018, Volume: 89, Issue:2 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Congenital Abnormalities; Female;	2018
The neurotoxic effects of prenatal gabapentin and oxcarbazepine exposure on newborn rats. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2019, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Dopaminergic Neurons; Female; Gabapen	2019
Shingles in Pregnancy: An Elusive Case of Left Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain. Hawai'i journal of medicine & public health : a journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health, 2018, Volume: 77, Issue:8 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Analgesics; Antiviral Agents; Female; Gabapentin; Gynecological Examination; Hawaii;	2018
Impact of psychiatric medication co-exposure on Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome severity. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018, 11-01, Volume: 192 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Infant; Infan	2018
Use of antiepileptic drugs in women of fertile age. Danish medical journal, 2019, Volume: 66, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Denmark; Epilepsy; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Lamotrigine; Leve	2019
Homology modelling and molecular docking studies of human placental cadherin protein for its role in teratogenic effects of anti-epileptic drugs. Computational biology and chemistry, 2016, Volume: 60 Topics: Acetamides; Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Binding Sites; Cadherins; Calcium; Cations, Divalent;	2016
Involvement of l-type amino acid transporter 1 in the transport of gabapentin into human placental choriocarcinoma cells. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2017, Volume: 67 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Biological Transport; Blotting, Western; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line	2017
An Atypical Withdrawal Syndrome in Neonates Prenatally Exposed to Gabapentin and Opioids. The Journal of pediatrics, 2017, Volume: 181 Topics: Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	2017
A case of infant delirium in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine, 2017, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cardiac Catheterization; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid	2017
Effect of gabapentin on cognitive processes in rats not exposed and exposed to tobacco smoke during fetal life. Human & experimental toxicology, 2008, Volume: 27, Issue:12 Topics: Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Cyclohexanecar	2008
Gabapentin use in hyperemesis gravidarum: a pilot study. Early human development, 2010, Volume: 86, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hyp	2010
Stiff person syndrome and pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2011, Volume: 118, Issue:2 Pt 2 Topics: Adult; Amines; Baclofen; Cesarean Section; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Diazepam; Female; Gabapentin	2011
Subdural hematoma after an epidural blood patch. International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2012, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Amines; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents	2012
Newer anticonvulsants: lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin. Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2012, Volume: 94, Issue:8 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Pre	2012
Epidural lipomatosis causing new debilitating back pain in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus on highly active antiretroviral therapy. International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2012, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, N	2012
[Clinical application of newer anti-epileptic drugs]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 2012, Volume: 52, Issue:11 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epilepsy; Female; Fructose; Gabapentin; gamma-	2012
Calcitonin for phantom limb pain in a pregnant woman. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2012, Dec-15, Volume: 69, Issue:24 Topics: Adult; Amines; Amputation, Surgical; Analgesics, Opioid; Calcitonin; Carbamazepine; Cyclohexanecarbo	2012
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy and risk of congenital jaw and oral malformation. Oral diseases, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:7 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclo	2013
Gabapentin exposure in human pregnancy: results from the Gabapentin Pregnancy Registry. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2003, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epilepsy; Female; Gabapentin;	2003
Gabapentin blocks L-type and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels involved in depolarization-stimulated nitric oxide synthase activity in primary cultures of neurons from mouse cerebral cortex. Pharmaceutical research, 2003, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Calcium Channels, P-T	2003
Interaction between anticonvulsants and human placental carnitine transporter. Epilepsia, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Acetates; Amines; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Anticonvulsants; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Culture Techn	2004
The effect of Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine and Gabapentin on the fertility, weights, sex hormones and biochemical profiles of male rats. Neuro endocrinology letters, 2004, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Animals; Antimanic Agents; Body Weight; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Fer	2004
Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy? Epilepsia, 2005, Volume: 46, Issue:10 Topics: Amines; Anticonvulsants; Breast Feeding; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Blood;	2005
[Muscle cramp--what is at the bottom of it? Only a little strained or seriously sick?]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2006, Mar-16, Volume: 148, Issue:11 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Amines; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Citric Acid; Cy	2006
Gabapentin increases a tonic inhibitory conductance in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Anesthesiology, 2006, Volume: 105, Issue:2 Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Amines; Analgesics; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cyclohexanecarboxylic	2006
Use of gabapentin during pregnancy to reduce brain damage in new-born infants that are premature or at risk of perinatal asphyxia. Medical hypotheses, 2007, Volume: 68, Issue:6 Topics: Amines; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Brain Damage, Chronic; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cyclohexanecarboxylic	2007
Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2007, Sep-01, Volume: 231, Issue:5 Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Animals; Colic; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobuty	2007
Gestational trophoblastic disease with painful skin metastases. Journal of pain and symptom management, 2008, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amines; Analgesics; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Fatal Outcome; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Ami	2008
Teratogenic effects of the anticonvulsant gabapentin in mice. Singapore medical journal, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Amines; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Congenital Abnormalities	2008
FDA approved new drug bulletin. Gabapentin (neurontin). RN, 1994, Volume: 57, Issue:7 Topics: Acetates; Adult; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Interactions; Epilepsy;	1994
Pregnancy registries in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2001, Volume: 42, Issue:11 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Amines; Anticonvulsants; Australia; Cross-Cultural Comparison	2001

gabapentin and Pregnancy