g(m1)-ganglioside and Streptococcal-Infections

Postinfectious peripheral neuropathy can be associated with various viral or bacterial infections. Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection can lead to neurological disorders, which involve predominantly the central nervous system, whereas peripheral neuropathy during childhood is rare.. We describe a 12-year-old boy who presented with peripheral polyneuropathy associated with Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. Anti-GM1 IgM was significantly elevated in his serum during the acute phase, which suggested that it was related with the pathophysiology in this patient.. Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection may cause peripheral neuropathy via the autoimmune system and glycolipids.

Topics: Autoantibodies; Child; G(M1) Ganglioside; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Neural Conduction; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes

How autoantibodies target the brain and lead to disease in disorders such as Sydenham chorea (SC) is not known. SC is characterized by autoantibodies against the brain and is the main neurologic manifestation of streptococcal-induced rheumatic fever. Previously, our novel SC-derived mAb 24.3.1 was found to recognize streptococcal and brain Ags. To investigate in vivo targets of human mAb 24.3.1, VH/VL genes were expressed in B cells of transgenic (Tg) mice as functional chimeric human VH 24.3.1-mouse C-region IgG1(a) autoantibody. Chimeric human-mouse IgG1(a) autoantibody colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase in the basal ganglia within dopaminergic neurons in vivo in VH 24.3.1 Tg mice. Both human mAb 24.3.1 and IgG1(a) in Tg sera were found to react with human dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). Reactivity of chorea-derived mAb 24.3.1 or SC IgG with D2R was confirmed by dose-dependent inhibitory signaling of D2R as a potential consequence of targeting dopaminergic neurons, reaction with surface-exposed FLAG epitope-tagged D2R, and blocking of Ab reactivity by an extracellular D2R peptide. IgG from SC and a related subset of streptococcal-associated behavioral disorders called "pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococci" (PANDAS) with small choreiform movements reacted in ELISA with D2R. Reaction with FLAG-tagged D2R distinguished SC from PANDAS, whereas sera from both SC and PANDAS induced inhibitory signaling of D2R on transfected cells comparably to dopamine. In this study, we define a mechanism by which the brain may be altered by Ab in movement and behavioral disorders.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Autoantibodies; Basal Ganglia; Child; Chorea; Cross Reactions; Dopamine; Dopaminergic Neurons; G(M1) Ganglioside; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Rheumatic Fever; Signal Transduction; Streptococcal Infections; Transgenes