g(m1)-ganglioside and Gastroenteritis

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Antibody Specificity; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Evoked Potentials; Female; France; G(M1) Ganglioside; Gastroenteritis; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Neurologic Examination

We describe the case of a 10-year-old child with the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) form of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with preserved tendon reflexes, 6 days after a bout of gastroenteritis. The child quickly showed weakness of the distal muscles of his four limbs, with preserved tendon reflexes and a raised CSF protein concentration with no cells. Nerve conduction studies showing motor axonal degeneration confirmed the diagnosis of GBS in spite of preserved tendon reflexes. The serum was positive for IgG antibodies to gangliosides GM1 and GD1b. The child received intravenous immunoglobulins, which resulted in a favorable progression. This case proves that GBS with normal tendon reflexes exists. The other cases of SGB with preserved tendon reflexes already described in the literature were the AMANs form with antibodies to gangliosides in the serum and only adults were affected.

Topics: Axons; Biomarkers; Child; Follow-Up Studies; G(M1) Ganglioside; Gangliosides; Gastroenteritis; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Male; Muscle Weakness; Reflex, Stretch; Treatment Outcome

To determine whether the anti-GM1 antibody IgG subclass (IgG1 to 4) is associated with clinical profiles and patterns of recovery in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).. The IgG subclassification of anti-GM1 antibody was examined and compared with clinical data on 42 GBS patients positive for the antibody.. Frequent anti-GM1 antibody subclasses were IgG1 (76%) and IgG3 (31%). IgG1 antibody was associated with preceding gastroenteritis and Campylobacter jejuni serology, whereas IgG3 antibody was associated with preceding respiratory infection. Although the severity at nadir was similar for IgG1- and IgG3-positive patients, the percentage of patients who could not walk independently was greater for the IgG1-positive group 1 month (42 vs 0%; p = 0.02), 3 months (28 vs 0%), and 6 months (25 vs 0%) after onset. Rapid recovery within 1 month occurred frequently in the patients with the IgG3 antibody but rarely in those with the IgG1 antibody (67 vs 11%; p = 0.003).. The IgG1 subclass of anti-GM1 antibody is a major subtype indicative of slow recovery, whereas isolated elevation of IgG3 subclass antibody titer suggests rapid recovery. Variation in subclass patterns may depend on which pathogen precipitates GBS.

Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Convalescence; Female; G(M1) Ganglioside; Gastroenteritis; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmapheresis; Treatment Outcome

Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide. The cell attachment of most animal rotaviruses, which belong to the neuraminidase-sensitive strains, requires sialic acid residues on the host cell membranes. On the other hand, most human rotaviruses are classified as neuraminidase-insensitive strains. The involvement of gangliosides on the host cell surface in human rotavirus infection was investigated by immunostaining analysis of target cells, and by assaying the neutralization of infection by rotavirus and the blocking of target cellular receptors. In host cells (MA104 cells) pretreated with Arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase, which were still infected by human rotaviruses (KUN and MO strains), GM(3) was hydrolyzed markedly by the neuraminidase, while GM(1a) was not hydrolyzed at all. Infection by the rotaviruses was strongly inhibited by exogenous ganglioside GM(1a), but not GA(1). Infection was also inhibited by pretreatment of the MA104 cells with cholera toxin B-subunit, which specifically blocked ganglioside GM(1a) on the plasma membrane. The treatment of MA104 cells with the endoglycoceramidase attenuated human rotavirus infection. From these findings, we concluded that GM(1a) on the plasma membrane of the host cells was involved in the infection by human rotavirus KUN and MO strains.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Child; Cholera Toxin; G(M1) Ganglioside; Gastroenteritis; Glycoside Hydrolases; Humans; Infant; Neuraminidase; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections

A 41-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of diarrhea followed by progressive weakness of all extremities and dysphagia. On neurological examination, she showed facial diplegia, bulbar palsy, flaccid quadriplegia, and absence of all deep tendon reflexes in addition to Laségue's sign. The Campylobacter jejuni Penner type 4 was isolated from the culture of stool. The test of anti-GM1b antibody (IgG) was positive in the serum. The protein content was elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid without pleocytosis. The studies of motor nerve conduction velocity showed a pattern of the axonal neuropathy. This is a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting with the axonal neuropathy possibly due to the immune response directed to GM1b which is triggered by the Campylobacter jejuni Penner type 4 infection.

Topics: Adult; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Female; G(M1) Ganglioside; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Polyradiculoneuropathy