g(m1)-ganglioside and Bacterial-Infections

To test the hypothesis that different preceding infections influence the neurophysiologic classification and clinical features of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).. We tested pretreatment sera, 7 +/- 3 (mean +/- SD) days from onset, from 229 patients with GBS in a multicenter trial of plasma exchange and immunoglobulin, for serological markers of infection, adhesion molecules, and cytokine receptors, and compared these with neurophysiologic and clinical features.. Recent infection by Campylobacter jejuni was found in 53 patients (23%), cytomegalovirus in 19 (8%), and Epstein-Barr virus in four (2%). Patients with C. jejuni infection were more likely than others to have neurophysiologic criteria of axonal neuropathy or inexcitable nerves, antiganglioside GM(1) antibodies, pure motor GBS, lower CSF protein, and worse outcome. Patients with cytomegalovirus infection were younger and more likely than others to have raised serum concentrations of molecules important in T lymphocyte activation and migration, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble leukocyte selectin, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R). Concentrations of sICAM-1 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor were higher in patients with inexcitable nerves than those with demyelinating neurophysiology. Logistic regression analysis showed death or inability to walk unaided at 48 weeks were associated with diarrhea, inexcitable nerves, severe arm weakness, age over 50, raised sIL-2R concentration and absence of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antiganglioside GM(1) antibodies.. Subtypes of GBS defined by preceding infections were only approximately associated with different patterns of clinical, neurophysiologic, and immunologic features. A single infectious agent caused more than one type of pathology in GBS, implying interaction with additional host factors. Most patients had no identified infection.

Topics: Antibodies; Bacterial Infections; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; G(M1) Ganglioside; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Prognosis; Receptors, Cytokine; Regression Analysis

The plasma membrane of cells is composed of lateral heterogeneities, patches and microdomains. These membrane microdomains or lipid rafts are enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol and have been implicated in cellular processes such as membrane sorting and signal transduction. In this study we investigated the importance of lipid raft formation in the innate immune recognition of bacteria using biochemical and fluorescence imaging techniques. We found that receptor molecules that are implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-cellular activation, such as CD14, heat shock protein (hsp) 70, 90, Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are present in microdomains following LPS stimulation. Lipid raft integrity is essential for LPS-cellular activation, since raft-disrupting drugs, such as nystatin or MCD, inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion. Our results suggest that the entire bacterial recognition system is based around the ligation of CD14 by bacterial components and the recruitment of multiple signalling molecules, such as hsp70, hsp90, CXCR4, GDF5 and TLR4, at the site of CD14-LPS ligation, within the lipid rafts.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Drosophila Proteins; G(M1) Ganglioside; Growth Differentiation Factor 5; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocyte Activation; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Microdomains; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Nystatin; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, CXCR4; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-Like Receptors

The possibility of using erythrocytic ganglioside diagnostic reagents (EGDR) for the detection of V. cholerae, E. coli and S. typhimurium enterotoxins in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test has been shown. Museum strains and cultures isolated from patients with acute intestinal diseases were tested for the presence of enterotoxins. Cell-free extracts were studied by biological methods and by serological titration in the PHA test with the use of EGDR. The diagnostic reagent was found to interact only with those enterotoxins whose specific receptors were gangliosides GM1.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Cholera Toxin; Enterotoxins; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; G(M1) Ganglioside; Gangliosides; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Rabbits; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Immunologic; Salmonella; Shigella; Staphylococcus; Vibrio cholerae