fusarenon-x and Diarrhea

Cardinal signs of red mold toxicosis in man and farm animals are vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and food refusal. The red mold toxicosis has been suggested to be induced by trichothecenes, which are produced by Fusarium fungi. Fusarenon-X (F-X) is one of the trichothecene mycotoxins. The ip injection of F-X to rats causes an expansion of the small intestine and watery diarrhea. In this study, we measured the concentrations of protein, sodium, potassium, and calcium in the serum of rat treated with F-X for the sake of demonstrating the loss of serum protein and the decreases of serum sodium and calcium by F-X. Since it is well known that some diarrheal diseases are due to the increase of cyclic nucleotide level in the intestinal mucosa, we also measured cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels in the intestinal mucosa. It was demonstrated that F-X did not increase the cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels in the jejunal and the ileal mucosa at 8 and 24 hr after F-X treatment. The results obtained in this work suggest that F-X-induced diarrhea is not mediated by the cyclic nucleotide system.

Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Diarrhea; Electrolytes; Fusarium; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Mycotoxins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sesquiterpenes; Trichothecenes

Fusarenon-X (F-X) is one of the trichothecene mycotoxins. F-X enhanced D-xylose absorption rate in rat everted intestinal sac. In the present work, the mechanism of the F-X-induced enhancement of intestinal D-xylose absorption rate was studied. F-X had no detectable effect on D-glucose absorption of everted rat intestine. When 10 mM of D-xylose was employed, a concomitant application of oxygen-free condition and low temperature failed to affect the D-xylose absorption of normal rat, but inhibited that of F-X-treated rat. When D-glucose concentration was 5 mM, the concomitant application of oxygen-free condition and low temperature depressed the D-glucose absorption of normal rat, while it did not reduce that in F-X-treated rat. These results suggested that the sugar translocation mechanism of F-X-treated rat intestine was different from that of normal one. F-X-induced enhancement of D-xylose absorption in everted intestinal sac may depend on the increase in permeability of the intestinal membrane which is derived from the histological and functional damage of the intestinal mucosa induced by F-X.

Topics: Animals; Cold Temperature; Diarrhea; Glucose; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Male; Phlorhizin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sesquiterpenes; Trichothecenes; Xylose

Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Diet; Hemoglobins; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Mycotoxins; Rats; Sesquiterpenes; Sodium; Trichothecenes; Xylose