furosemide has been researched along with Renal Artery Obstruction in 54 studies
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Renal Artery Obstruction: Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
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" Group A: In 14 patients with essential hypertension on chlorthalidone treatment, an additional daily dose of 640 mg propranolol for two months led to a significant reduction of the MAP (from 124 to 105 mm Hg) and PRA (from 5." | 9.04 | Effect of salt depletion and propranolol on blood pressure and plasma renin activity in various forms of hypertension. ( Boer, P; Geyskes, GG; Leenen, FH; Mees, EJ; Vos, J, 1975) |
"Dynamic I-123 Hippuran renal studies to measure furosemide response (FR) were performed in three groups of patients: 1) 57 patients with renovascular hypertension due to a poststenotic, ischemic kidney; 2) 23 patients with essential hypertension; and 3) 50 nonhypertensive patients with healthy kidneys (control group)." | 7.68 | Diminished response to furosemide in I-123 Hippuran renal studies of renovascular hypertension caused by unilateral renal artery stenosis. ( Einspieler, R; Flueckiger, FM; Fueger, GF; Hausegger, K, 1990) |
" Group A: In 14 patients with essential hypertension on chlorthalidone treatment, an additional daily dose of 640 mg propranolol for two months led to a significant reduction of the MAP (from 124 to 105 mm Hg) and PRA (from 5." | 5.04 | Effect of salt depletion and propranolol on blood pressure and plasma renin activity in various forms of hypertension. ( Boer, P; Geyskes, GG; Leenen, FH; Mees, EJ; Vos, J, 1975) |
" Increases in renal oxygenation in response to a standard 20 mg intravenous furosemide stimulus have been evaluated to assess kidney viability in patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS)." | 3.80 | Chronic diuretic therapy attenuates renal BOLD magnetic resonance response to an acute furosemide stimulus. ( Edwards, MS; Hall, ME; Hamilton, CA; Hundley, WG; Hurie, JB; Jordan, JH; Morgan, TM; Rocco, MV, 2014) |
" We have tested whether the stimulation of COX-2 expression by short- and long-term unilateral renal artery stenosis, low salt, and furosemide treatment depends on co-expression of NOS1." | 3.71 | Epithelial COX-2 expression is not regulated by nitric oxide in rodent renal cortex. ( Bachmann, S; Breyer, M; Briggs, JP; Câmpean, V; Paliege, A; Schnermann, J; Theilig, F, 2002) |
"Dynamic I-123 Hippuran renal studies to measure furosemide response (FR) were performed in three groups of patients: 1) 57 patients with renovascular hypertension due to a poststenotic, ischemic kidney; 2) 23 patients with essential hypertension; and 3) 50 nonhypertensive patients with healthy kidneys (control group)." | 3.68 | Diminished response to furosemide in I-123 Hippuran renal studies of renovascular hypertension caused by unilateral renal artery stenosis. ( Einspieler, R; Flueckiger, FM; Fueger, GF; Hausegger, K, 1990) |
"In 22 hypertensive patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS) and in 8 patients with unilateral or bilateral renal or renal arterial disease, plasma renin activity (PRA), renin substrate (PRS), and angiotensin II (AT II) concentrations were measured in both renal veins and in a peripheral vein 1-2 h after stimulation of renin secretion by injection of frusemide." | 3.65 | Renin, renin substrate and angiotensin II concentration in renal venous blood. ( Holze, C; Molzahn, M; Oelkers, W; Soerensen, R, 1976) |
" In 13 patients with renal artery stenosis, changes in reabsorption and excretion fractions of sodium, all osmotically active substances and water investigated before and after furosemide administration." | 3.65 | Evaluation of the asymmetry of renal sodium excretion in patients with renal artery stenosis. ( Firt, P; Hahn, M; Schõck, O; Stríbrană, J, 1975) |
" Particular attention has been paid to peripheral plasma concentrations of angiotensin II in different circumstances; angiotensin II infusion has been combined with radioimmunoassay to construct angiotensin II/blood pressure dose-response curves." | 2.36 | Angiotensin II and renal hypertension in dog, rat and man: effect of converting enzyme inhibition. ( Atkinson, AB; Brown, JJ; Fraser, R; Lever, AF; Morton, JJ; Riegger, AJ; Robertson, JI, 1980) |
"Drug treatment of renal hypertension is not essentially different from that of essential hypertension." | 2.35 | [Renal hypertension]. ( Reubi, F; Weidmann, P, 1976) |
"Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis has a range of manifestations depending on the severity of vascular occlusion." | 1.37 | Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging identifies cortical hypoxia in severe renovascular disease. ( Crane, JA; Glockner, JF; Gloviczki, ML; Grande, JP; Lerman, LO; McKusick, MA; Misra, S; Textor, SC, 2011) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 38 (70.37) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 6 (11.11) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 5 (9.26) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 5 (9.26) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Hall, ME | 1 |
Rocco, MV | 1 |
Morgan, TM | 1 |
Hamilton, CA | 1 |
Edwards, MS | 1 |
Jordan, JH | 1 |
Hurie, JB | 1 |
Hundley, WG | 1 |
Sourbron, S | 1 |
Rognant, N | 1 |
Guebre-Egziabher, F | 1 |
Bacchetta, J | 1 |
Janier, M | 1 |
Hiba, B | 1 |
Langlois, JB | 1 |
Gadet, R | 1 |
Laville, M | 1 |
Juillard, L | 1 |
Gloviczki, ML | 1 |
Glockner, JF | 1 |
Crane, JA | 2 |
McKusick, MA | 1 |
Misra, S | 1 |
Grande, JP | 1 |
Lerman, LO | 2 |
Textor, SC | 2 |
Eirin, A | 1 |
Ebrahimi, B | 1 |
Zhang, X | 1 |
Zhu, XY | 1 |
Tang, H | 1 |
Lerman, A | 1 |
Castrop, H | 1 |
Klar, J | 1 |
Wagner, C | 1 |
Hocherl, K | 1 |
Kurtz, A | 2 |
Wargo, KA | 1 |
Chong, K | 1 |
Chan, EC | 1 |
Cachat, F | 1 |
Bogaru, A | 1 |
Micheli, JL | 1 |
Lepori, D | 1 |
Guignard, JP | 1 |
Kem, DC | 1 |
Lyons, DF | 1 |
Wenzl, J | 1 |
Halverstadt, D | 1 |
Yu, X | 1 |
Arrigoni, P | 1 |
Cella, PL | 1 |
Materazzi, F | 1 |
Salvetti, A | 1 |
Atkinson, AB | 1 |
Brown, JJ | 1 |
Fraser, R | 1 |
Lever, AF | 1 |
Morton, JJ | 1 |
Riegger, AJ | 1 |
Robertson, JI | 1 |
Bailie, MD | 1 |
Donoso, VS | 1 |
Porter, TM | 1 |
Wilhoit, GB | 1 |
Gretes, J | 1 |
Temple, TE | 1 |
Wendell, J | 1 |
Grantham, DE | 1 |
Graham, WH | 1 |
Norfleet, S | 1 |
Norfleet, B | 1 |
Mörlin, C | 1 |
Aberg, H | 1 |
Wolf, K | 1 |
Moser, E | 1 |
Missouris, CG | 1 |
Belli, AM | 1 |
Vallance, PJ | 1 |
MacGregor, GA | 1 |
Caglar, M | 1 |
Moretti, JL | 1 |
Buchet, P | 1 |
Weinmann, P | 1 |
Baillet, G | 1 |
Prigent, A | 1 |
Laedrich, J | 1 |
Le Tourmelin, P | 1 |
Kleinknecht, D | 1 |
Meyrier, A | 1 |
Theilig, F | 1 |
Câmpean, V | 1 |
Paliege, A | 1 |
Breyer, M | 1 |
Briggs, JP | 1 |
Schnermann, J | 1 |
Bachmann, S | 1 |
Streeten, DH | 1 |
Anderson, GH | 1 |
Baer, L | 1 |
Parra-Carrillo, JZ | 1 |
Radichevich, I | 1 |
Chuang, VP | 1 |
Ernst, CB | 1 |
Kotchen, TA | 1 |
Raust, J | 1 |
Michel, JR | 1 |
Bacques, O | 1 |
Affre, J | 1 |
Moreau, JF | 1 |
Grim, CE | 1 |
Weinberger, MH | 1 |
Higgins, JT | 1 |
Kramer, NJ | 1 |
El-Said, W | 1 |
Weidmann, P | 1 |
Reubi, F | 1 |
Schmidt, PK | 1 |
Linss, G | 1 |
Huber, T | 1 |
Vetter, W | 1 |
Kuhlmann, U | 1 |
Vetter, H | 1 |
Pouliadis, G | 1 |
Meier, W | 1 |
Furrer, J | 1 |
Beckerhoff, R | 1 |
Vetter, U | 1 |
Siegenthaler, W | 1 |
Oelkers, W | 1 |
Holze, C | 1 |
Molzahn, M | 1 |
Soerensen, R | 1 |
Geyskes, GG | 1 |
Boer, P | 1 |
Vos, J | 1 |
Leenen, FH | 1 |
Mees, EJ | 1 |
Schõck, O | 1 |
Stríbrană, J | 1 |
Firt, P | 1 |
Hahn, M | 1 |
Fukuchi, S | 2 |
Nakajima, K | 2 |
Melby, JC | 1 |
Helmchen, U | 1 |
Kneissler, U | 1 |
Flueckiger, FM | 1 |
Fueger, GF | 3 |
Einspieler, R | 1 |
Hausegger, K | 3 |
Flueckiger, F | 2 |
Nicoletti, R | 2 |
Pogglitsch, H | 1 |
Pilloy, W | 1 |
Dormehl, I | 1 |
Bosman, H | 1 |
Maree, M | 1 |
Hordijk, C | 1 |
Hugo, N | 1 |
Modai, D | 1 |
Cohen, N | 1 |
Weissgarten, J | 1 |
Segal, B | 1 |
Pik, A | 1 |
Kopecky, RT | 1 |
Thomas, FD | 1 |
McAfee, JG | 1 |
Icard, P | 1 |
Lumbroso, J | 1 |
Hiesse, C | 1 |
Charpentier, B | 1 |
Fries, D | 1 |
Hammoudi, Y | 1 |
Jardin, A | 1 |
Benoit, G | 1 |
Fyhrquist, F | 1 |
Kala, R | 1 |
Eisalo, A | 1 |
Takenouchi, T | 1 |
Heinrich, P | 1 |
Gläsel, E | 1 |
Rohmann, H | 1 |
Hare, WS | 1 |
Sprague, PL | 1 |
McDonald, JC | 1 |
Bethea, MC | 1 |
Lindsey, ES | 1 |
Gonzalez, FM | 1 |
Garbus, SB | 1 |
Giese, J | 1 |
Aurell, M | 1 |
Munck, O | 1 |
Hardt, H | 1 |
Amiel, M | 1 |
Pinet, F | 1 |
Froment, A | 1 |
Milon, J | 1 |
Pipard, G | 1 |
Plantier, J | 1 |
Klaus, D | 1 |
Sherwood, T | 1 |
Genest, J | 1 |
Nowaczynski, W | 1 |
Miura, Y | 1 |
Sato, T | 1 |
Abe, K | 1 |
Miwa, I | 1 |
Ono, I | 1 |
Woźniak, K | 1 |
Janicka, L | 1 |
Szczepański, L | 1 |
Tomaszewski, J | 1 |
4 reviews available for furosemide and Renal Artery Obstruction
Article | Year |
---|---|
Angiotensin II and renal hypertension in dog, rat and man: effect of converting enzyme inhibition.
Topics: Adult; Angiotensin I; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Blood Press | 1980 |
[Renal hypertension].
Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Diuretics; Furosemide; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyper | 1976 |
The physiology of intravenous urography.
Topics: Angiography; Biological Transport, Active; Contrast Media; Dehydration; Diuresis; Furosemide; Glomer | 1971 |
Aldosterone and electrolyte balance in human hypertension.
Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Aldosterone; Animals; Corticosterone; Furosemide; Humans; Hyperaldoste | 1970 |
2 trials available for furosemide and Renal Artery Obstruction
Article | Year |
---|---|
Effect of salt depletion and propranolol on blood pressure and plasma renin activity in various forms of hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Bromine; Chlorthalidone; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet, S | 1975 |
The significance of plasma renin determinations for differential diagnosis of hypertensiony.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diagnosis, Differential; Diazoxide; Diet, Sodium-Restrict | 1970 |
48 other studies available for furosemide and Renal Artery Obstruction
Article | Year |
---|---|
Chronic diuretic therapy attenuates renal BOLD magnetic resonance response to an acute furosemide stimulus.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Drug Administration Schedule; F | 2014 |
Compartmental modelling for magnetic resonance renography.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Computer Simulation; Cyclooxygenase I | 2010 |
Evolution of renal oxygen content measured by BOLD MRI downstream a chronic renal artery stenosis.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Diuretics; Furosemide; Hypoxia; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oxygen; | 2011 |
Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging identifies cortical hypoxia in severe renovascular disease.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Cell Hypoxia; Diuretics; Furosemide; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hypertension; Hyper | 2011 |
Changes in glomerular filtration rate after renal revascularization correlate with microvascular hemodynamics and inflammation in Swine renal artery stenosis.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Angioplasty, Balloon; Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Furosemide | 2012 |
General inhibition of renocortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression by the renin-angiotensin system.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cy | 2003 |
Acute renal failure secondary to angiotensin II receptor blockade in a patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Con | 2003 |
Severe hypertension and massive proteinuria in a newborn with renal artery stenosis.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta, Abdominal; Blood Pressure; | 2004 |
Renin-dependent hypertension caused by nonfocal stenotic aberrant renal arteries: proof of a new syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Angiography; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Captopril; Child, Preschool; Diur | 2005 |
[Effect of intravenous administration of a diuretic on differential renal function in arterial hypertension].
Topics: Adult; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney Function Tes | 1967 |
Urinary excretion of renin in the dog: effect of changes in plasma renin.
Topics: Animals; Diuresis; Dogs; Extracellular Space; Furosemide; Hemorrhage; Hypotension; Mannitol; p-Amino | 1983 |
Two uncommon cases of hypertension renal artery stenosis.
Topics: Adult; Angioplasty, Balloon; Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension, Rena | 1981 |
The effect of salt restriction and furosemide in patients investigated for renovascular hypertension.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Female; Furosemide; Humans; | 1981 |
Renal artery stenosis rapidly enhances atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression.
Topics: Aldosterone; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Autoradiography; Base Sequenc | 1995 |
[Intervention in nuclear medicine kidney diagnosis].
Topics: Aged; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Captopril; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Infan | 1995 |
Oedema after renal artery angioplasty.
Topics: Angioplasty; Edema; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Renal Arte | 1993 |
Enalapril plus frusemide MAG3 scintigraphy in hypertensive patients with atherosclerosis and moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Arteriosclerosis; Diuretics; Enalapril; Furos | 1998 |
Epithelial COX-2 expression is not regulated by nitric oxide in rodent renal cortex.
Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase 2; Epithelial Cells; Furosemide; Gene Expression Regulation; Isoenzymes; Kid | 2002 |
Outpatient experience with saralasin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin II; Blood Pressure; False Negative Reactions; Female; Furosemid | 1979 |
Angiotensin II blockade: evidence for baroreceptor-mediated renin release and the role of sodium balance.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Diastole; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renovascular; Infusions, P | 1979 |
Effects of furosemide on renal venous plasma renin activity.
Topics: False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; | 1979 |
[A critical review of the variations in size of the kidney caused by increased diuresis in hypertensive patients (author's transl)].
Topics: Diagnostic Errors; Diuresis; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Renal Artery Obstruction; Uro | 1979 |
Diagnosis of secondary forms of hypertension. A comprehensive protocol.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hy | 1977 |
Washout urography in the diagnosis of renal hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Middle Aged; Pyelo | 1978 |
[Renovascular hypertension].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Angiotensin II; Antihypertensive Agents; Arteriosclerosis; Child; Fe | 1977 |
[Studies on the differential determination of renin activity in renal venous blood in renal artery stenosis].
Topics: Furosemide; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Renal Artery Obstruction; Renal Veins; Renin; Stimu | 1977 |
Renin, renin substrate and angiotensin II concentration in renal venous blood.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiotensin II; Angiotensinogen; Blood Pressure; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertensi | 1976 |
Evaluation of the asymmetry of renal sodium excretion in patients with renal artery stenosis.
Topics: Adult; Diuresis; Female; Furosemide; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Tubules; Male; Middl | 1975 |
Diagnostic value of plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II in renovascular hypertension.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Pyelonephritis; Renal Artery Obstruction; R | 1975 |
Extensive hypertensive work-up: pro.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Aldosterone; Antihypertensive Agents; Attitude to Health; Epidemiolo | 1975 |
Role of the renin-angiotensin system in renal hypertension. An experimental approach.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Blood Pressure; Furosemide; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Rats; Renal Artery O | 1976 |
Diminished response to furosemide in I-123 Hippuran renal studies of renovascular hypertension caused by unilateral renal artery stenosis.
Topics: Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renovascular; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iodohippuric Aci | 1990 |
Results of quantification of frusemide response in 123I-hippuran renal studies of unilateral renal artery stenosis.
Topics: Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension, Renovascular; Iodine Radioisotopes; Iodohippuric Acid; Radioisotop | 1990 |
Quantitative static and dynamic renal scintigraphy with diuresis stimulation in renovascular hypertension.
Topics: Diuresis; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertensi | 1989 |
Evaluation of the clinical validity of the "integral spleen" method of renography analysis from parameter changes induced by pharmacological and surgical intervention.
Topics: Animals; Captopril; Constriction; Furosemide; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Or | 1988 |
Symptomatic renal artery stenosis superimposed on chronic glomerulonephritis.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiomegaly; Chlorthalidone; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Furosemide; Glom | 1985 |
Furosemide augments the effects of captopril on nuclear studies in renovascular stenosis.
Topics: Animals; Captopril; Furosemide; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hypertension, Renovascular; Male; Pentet | 1987 |
[Value of DTPA scintigraphy following furosemide injection in the diagnosis of obstruction in renal transplantation].
Topics: Adult; Furosemide; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Patient Ca | 1987 |
Angiotensin II plasma levels in hypertensive patients.
Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Angiotensin II; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; Hy | 1972 |
Effect of furosemide administration and upright position on plasma renin activity and angiotensin II in hypertension.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Cushing Syndrome; Enzyme Activation; Furosemide; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hyperal | 1973 |
[Surgical correction of a unilateral fibromuscular renal artery stenosis with kidney aplasia and hypertension].
Topics: Adult; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypothermia, Induced; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests | 1974 |
The value of the frusemide (Lasix) washout test during pyelography as an indicator of renovascular hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Middle Aged; Renal Artery; Renal Artery Obstruction; | 1974 |
Hypertension and renin in human renal transplantation.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Furosemide; Graft Rejection; Humans; Hypertension; Hyponatremia; Kidney | 1974 |
Peripheral and renal venous plasma renin concentration in hypertensive patients with unilateral renal or renovascular disease.
Topics: Adult; Brachial Artery; Catheterization; Female; Furosemide; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kid | 1972 |
["Wash-out" urography using furosemide. A simple screening method for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Preliminary report].
Topics: Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Renal Artery Obstructio | 1973 |
[Search for stenosis of the renal artery in arterial hypertension. Furosemide "wash-out" method].
Topics: Angiography; Diuresis; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Midd | 1974 |
Plasma renin activity in renovascular hypertension.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Child; Female; Furosemide; Hematocrit; Humans; Hypertension; Hype | 1971 |
[Plasma renin activity in arterial hypertension].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Female; Furosemide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Mid | 1969 |