fumonisin-b1 and Hyperplasia

Fusarium moniliforme culture material toxicity containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) was investigated into four groups of five growing ducks, each receiving 0,5,15 or 45 mg/kg FB1 by daily oral administration over 12 days. Treatments did not lead to lethality, but the average body weight gain was slightly retarded in treated versus control animals, without apparent dose relation. A dose-dependent increase of the liver weight with a disorganization of the span and implementation of a microglandular structure in both periportal and centrolobular areas was obtained. In the plasma, together protein, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, gammaglutamyl transferase and sphinganine to sphingosine ratio (SA/SO) were increased. No sign of apoptosis was present neither in the liver nor in peripheral blood lymphocytes and only moderate oxidative damages were obtained. These results are of interest, because although FB1 increases SA/SO and is hepatotoxic in all investigated species, liver hyperplasia with increased liver weight were obtained in ducks, whereas decreased liver weight and apoptosis are observed in rats. Finally, although ducks appeared resistant to FB1 toxicity in terms of mortality, liver alterations were obtained with only 5 mg/kg per day of FB1 for 12 days. Considering the fact that high levels of FB1 may occur in corn (100-300 mg/kg), liver pathology could have an impact in farming conditions.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Bird Diseases; Brain; Carboxylic Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ducks; Fumonisins; Fusarium; Hyperplasia; Kidney; Liver; Lymphocytes; Malondialdehyde; Organ Size; Oxidative Stress; Sphingosine

An investigation of the toxicity of fumonisin B1 (FB1), a toxic metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme, in broiler chicks was conducted. Purified FB1 (98.1% pure) was incorporated into the diets of broiler chicks at 0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, and fed to chicks from 0 to 21 d of age. Dietary FB1, at concentrations of 80 mg/kg or less, did not adversely affect body weight, feed efficiency, or water consumption of broiler chicks. The relative weights of the liver, spleen, kidney, proventriculus, and bursa of Fabricius were also unaffected (P < 0.05) by any dietary concentration of FB1 compared with the control (0 mg/kg) group. Total liver lipids of chicks fed 40 or 80 mg FB1/kg were significantly lower than those of the chicks fed either 0 or 20 mg FB1/kg of feed. Liver sphinganine concentration and the sphinganine:sphingosine ratio were increased significantly in all treated groups. Chicks fed dietary FB1 at 80 mg/kg had significantly higher serum glutamate oxaloacetate aminotransaminase:aspartate aminotransferase ratios and levels of free sphinganine in the serum. The results of this investigation agree with the results previously described, in which FB1 was supplied to diets from the use of F. moniliforme-contaminated grain; therefore, the use of such material as the source of the mycotoxin in animal feeding studies is appropriate.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Weight; Brain; Carboxylic Acids; Chickens; Diet; Drinking; Eating; Fumonisins; Hyperplasia; Kidney; Lipids; Liver; Male; Mycotoxins; Necrosis; Organ Size; Sphingosine; Spleen

The individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AF) were evaluated using a 2 x 2 factorial with treatments of 0 and 75 mg FB1/kg feed and 0 and 200 micrograms AF/kg feed. Each of the four diets was fed to eight pen replicates of six poults from Day 1 to 21. Body weight gain was reduced (P < .05) by AF and the FB1-AF combination. Poults fed AF or the FB1-AF combination were less efficient (P < .05) in converting feed to gain. Fumonisin B1 increased (P < .05) liver weights whereas AF and the FB1-AF combination increased (P < .05) spleen weights. The AF and the FB1-AF combination decreased (P < .05) serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, and cholesterol. Fumonisin B1 and the FB1-AF combination increased (P < .05) serum sphinganine:sphingosine (SA:SO) ratios. Treatment-associated lesions were observed only in the liver. Hepatocellular hyperplasia and biliary hyperplasia were seen in poults fed 75 mg FB1/kg and 200 micrograms AF/kg, respectively. The combination of FB1 and AF caused an increased primary immune response to sheep red blood cells. However, the phytohemagglutinin delayed hypersensitivity response was not affected by dietary treatment. These data indicate that FB1 and AF, alone and in combination, can adversely affect poult performance and health at these dietary concentrations.

Topics: Aflatoxin B1; Animals; Eating; Food Contamination; Fumonisins; Fusarium; Hyperplasia; Liver; Mycotoxins; Organ Size; Sphingolipids; Turkeys; Weight Gain; Zea mays

Three gilts fed a diet containing 100 mg fumonisin B1/kg for 7 days followed by a diet containing 190 mg/kg for 83 days developed nodular hyperplasia of the liver. These nodules of various diameters were composed of solid sheets or nests of hepatocytes. There were no discernible central veins or portal triads, and the perilobular connective tissue and adjacent parenchyma were compressed. Three other gilts maintained on the same diet for 27-80 days developed severe hepatopathies, but not nodular hyperplasia, necessitating euthanasia prior to conclusion of the feeding trial. At necropsy, 1 of the 6 gilts had grossly apparent hyperplastic plaques within the distal esophageal mucosa. On histopathologic examination, 6 of 6 gilts had mild to severe hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and formation of papillary downgrowths of the stratum basale of the distal esophageal mucosa. The hyperplastic nodules in the liver and the changes in the distal esophageal mucosa illustrate the unique chronic toxicity of this mycotoxin in pigs.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Carcinogens, Environmental; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Food Contamination; Fumonisins; Hyperplasia; Liver Diseases; Mycotoxins; Swine; Swine Diseases; Weaning

The effects of feeding Fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known concentrations of fumonisin B1 (FB1), were studied in broiler chicks. Day-old chicks were allotted randomly to dietary treatments containing 0, 1.02, 2.04, 3.06, 4.08, 5.10, 6.12, and 7.14% fumonisin culture material (FCM). These levels of FCM supplied 0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450, and 525 mg of FB1/kg of feed. Each dietary treatment was fed to four pen replicates of six birds each for 21 days. Chicks fed FCM that supplied 450 and 525 mg FB1/kg diet had lower (P < .05) feed intakes and BW gains; increased (P < .05) liver and kidney weights; and increased (P < .05) mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin concentrations. Compared with controls, chicks fed FCM had increased (P < .05) free sphinganine levels and sphinganine:sphingosine ratios. Treatment-associated histological lesions were only observed in the liver of chicks fed diets containing FCM that supplied 225 mg FB1/kg or higher. Diets containing FCM that supplied levels as low as 75 mg FB1/kg affected the physiology of chicks by increasing free sphinganine levels and sphinganine:sphingosine ratios. Because inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis has been hypothesized as the mechanism of action of FB1, this suggests that diets containing 75 mg FB1/kg FCM may be toxic to young broiler chicks.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Carcinogens, Environmental; Chickens; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fumonisins; Fusarium; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Hyperplasia; Leukocyte Count; Liver; Mycotoxins; Necrosis; Organ Size