fumarates and Poultry-Diseases

Supplementation of some organic acids to a P-deficient diet has been shown to improve phytate P utilization. Two experiments were conducted from 0 to 16 d in battery brooders to determine the effect of various organic acids supplementation on phytate P utilization. In both experiments, birds were fed P-deficient corn and soybean meal-based diets. In experiment 1, citric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, and EDTA were supplemented. Experiment 2 had a 2 x 2 factorial design with 2 sources of Met, 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB) and dl-Met, with or without 500 U/kg of phytase. In experiment 1, the addition of citric, malic, and fumaric acids increased percentage of bone ash, but only the effect of citric acid was significant. The addition of citric and malic acids also significantly increased the retention of P and phytate P (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the addition of phytase to the diet significantly increased 16-d BW gain, feed intake, percentage of bone ash, milligrams of bone ash, phytate P disappearance, and decreased the incidence of P-deficiency rickets. Methionine source did not affect 16-d BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, milligrams of bone ash, or P rickets incidence. However, the birds fed HMB had a higher percentage of bone ash and phytate P disappearance compared with the groups fed dl-Met only when phytase was added to the diets. The additions of citric acid and HMB improved phytate P utilization. However, the reason why some organic acids are effective whereas others are not is not apparent.

Topics: 6-Phytase; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Carboxylic Acids; Chelating Agents; Chickens; Citric Acid; Edetic Acid; Female; Fumarates; Malates; Male; Minerals; Phosphorus; Phytic Acid; Poultry Diseases; Random Allocation; Rickets

From a collection of over 2800 Salmonella enterica subspecies Enterica serotype Typhimurium F98 Tn5-TC1 insertion mutants 14 were identified as expressing growth-non-suppressive phenotype under strict anaerobic conditions. Sequence analysis of regions flanking the Tn insertions revealed that most of the selected mutants were defective in genes contributing to the anaerobic fumarate uptake and generation (insertions in dcuA, dcuB and aspA), or to the anaerobic L-arginine utilisation pathway (insertions in STM4467 encoding a putative arginine deiminase, and in between speF encoding ornithine decarboxylase and kdpE coding a response regulator protein). Mutants defective in flagellum synthesis (flhA) were also identified. In contrast to the in vitro results, all the mutants colonised 1-day-old chicks efficiently and suppressed the super-infection of chicks by the parent strain. This clearly indicates that neither of the metabolic pathways mentioned above nor motility play essential roles in lower intestinal tract colonisation.

Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animals; Arginine; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Flagella; Fumarates; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Intestines; Male; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Poultry Diseases; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms

Topics: Absorption; Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Chickens; Coccidiosis; Eimeria; Fatty Acids; Fumarates; Glucose; Glycolysis; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Intestine, Small; Lactates; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Male; Muscles; Poultry Diseases; Succinates

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Fumarates; Genetics; Male; Poultry Diseases; Rupture, Spontaneous; Turkeys

Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Diethylstilbestrol; Fumarates; Male; Poultry Diseases; Turkeys