fumarates and Foot-Dermatoses

Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dimethyl Fumarate; Foot Dermatoses; Fumarates; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Shoes

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Fumarates; Humans; Maleates; Patch Tests; Shoes

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective inhibitor of mold growth. In very low concentrations, DMF is a potent sensitizer that can cause severe allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). It has been identified as the agent responsible for furniture contact dermatitis in Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients in Slovakia with footwear ACD associated with DMF, with regard to clinical manifestations, patch test results, and results of chemical analysis of their footwear.. Nine patients with suspected footwear contact dermatitis underwent patch testing with the following allergens: samples of their own footwear, commercial DMF, the European baseline, shoe screening, textile and leather dye screening, and industrial biocides series. The results were recorded according to international guidelines. The content of DMF in footwear and anti-mold sachets was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.. Acute ACD was observed in nine Caucasian female patients. All patients developed delayed sensitization, as demonstrated by positive patch testing using textile footwear lining. Seven patients were patch tested with 0.1% DMF, and all seven were positive. Chemical analysis of available footwear showed that DMF was present in very high concentrations (25-80 mg/Kg).. Dimethyl fumarate is a new footwear allergen and was responsible for severe ACD in our patients. To avoid an increase in the number of cases, the already approved European preventive measures should be accepted and commonly employed.

Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dimethyl Fumarate; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Fumarates; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Patch Tests; Shoes; Slovakia; Young Adult

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been identified as being responsible for an outbreak of shoe contact dermatitis in Europe. All reported cases to date have involved the dorsa of the toes and the dorsa of the feet, sometimes in association with other areas.. To establish a correlation between the site of the lesions and the concentration of DMF in different parts of the footwear from patients suffering from shoe contact dermatitis.. We performed a retrospective study of 8 patients with shoe contact dermatitis caused by DMF. Clinical data and patch test results obtained with DMF were recorded. The contents of DMF in different parts of eight samples of shoes involved were analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.. The chemical analysis of all samples studied showed the presence of DMF, both in the uppers and the soles of the shoes. A clinical-analytical correlation was found in all cases. The presence of DMF in a child's boot was detected 1 year after withdrawal of the sachet with DMF from the shoe box.. A correlation exists between the concentrations of DMF in the different parts of the shoe and the localization of the lesions. Although DMF is a volatile substance, it can remain impregnated in shoes for a long period of time.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Contact; Dimethyl Fumarate; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Fumarates; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Shoes; Urticaria; Young Adult

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Dimethyl Fumarate; Foot Dermatoses; Fumarates; Humans; Patch Tests; Shoes; Spain; Urticaria

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dimethyl Fumarate; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Fumarates; Humans; Shoes

Topics: Adult; Consumer Product Safety; Dimethyl Fumarate; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Fumarates; Fungicides, Industrial; Humans; Patch Tests; Shoes; Steroids; Treatment Outcome

The methyl ester form of fumaric acid named dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective mould-growth inhibitor. Its irritating and sensitizing properties were demonstrated in animal models. Recently, DMF has been identified as responsible for furniture contact dermatitis in Europe.. To describe the clinical manifestations, patch test results, shoe chemical analysis, and source of exposure to DMF-induced shoe contact dermatitis.. Patients with suspected shoe contact dermatitis were studied in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Patch test results obtained with their own shoe and the European baseline series, acrylates and fumaric acid esters (FAE), were recorded according to international guidelines. The content of DMF in shoes was analysed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.. Acute, immediate irritant contact dermatitis and non-immunological contact urticaria were observed in eight adults and two children, respectively. All the adult patients studied developed a delayed sensitization demonstrated by a positive patch testing to DMF < or = 0.1% in pet. Cross-reactivity with other FAEs and acrylates was observed. At least 12 different shoe brands were investigated. The chemical analysis from the available shoes showed the presence of DMF.. DMF in shoes was responsible for severe contact dermatitis. Global preventive measures for avoiding contact with DMF are necessary.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Dimethyl Fumarate; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Fumarates; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Structure; Patch Tests; Shoes; Urticaria