fucoxanthin and Colorectal-Neoplasms

Fucoxanthin (Fx), a dietary marine xanthophyll, exerts potent anticancer effects in various colorectal cancer (CRC) animal models. However, therapeutic effects of Fx in human cancer tissues remain unclear. A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model transplanted with cancer tissues from patients is widely accepted as the best preclinical model for evaluating the anticancer potential of drug candidates.. Herein, we investigated the anticancer effects of Fx in PDX mice transplanted with cancer tissues derived from a patient with CRC (CRC-PDX) using LC-MS/MS- and western blot-based proteome analysis.. Fx suppresses development of human-like CRC tissues, especially through growth, adhesion, and cell cycle signals.

Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; Colorectal Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Xanthophylls

Topics: Animals; Azoxymethane; Carcinogenesis; Colitis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Xanthophylls

A xanthophyll of fucoxanthin (Fx) is a potential chemopreventive agent. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited disease that is associated with a high risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, it remains unclear whether Fx can modify colorectal tumorigenesis in Apc. We investigated the chemopreventive effect of Fx in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated Apc. Administration of Fx in the diet for 5 weeks significantly suppressed the number of colorectal adenocarcinomas in DSS-treated male Apc. Fx possesses chemopreventive potential against progression of colorectal carcinogenesis in Apc

Topics: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cyclin D1; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Mice; Xanthophylls

Brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar is popular as a foodstuff, and used for medical care in East Asian countries. The major components of this seaweed are shown to benefit hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and considered to reduce the risks of infarction and ischemic diseases. Furthermore, the intake of dietary fiber of seaweeds is considered to prevent the production and proliferation of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. The direct effect of an ethanol extract prepared from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll (mekabu) on HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells was examined, and the mekabu extract was shown to induce the non-oxidative apoptotic damage to the cells, thus resulting in the reduction of their viabilities in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects of carcinostatic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan (CPT-11), were observed only in the medium containing sera, while the mekabu extract could effectively reduce the cell viabilities even in the serum-free medium. These findings suggest that the mekabu extract may contain a potential active substance inducing the non-oxidative apoptotic cell death probably through a mechanism different from those of 5-FU and CPT-11, and hence mekabu is possibly useful as an auxiliary drug to the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Camptothecin; Cell Survival; Colorectal Neoplasms; Culture Media; Ethanol; Fluorouracil; HCT116 Cells; Humans; Irinotecan; Plant Extracts; Seaweed; Undaria; Xanthophylls