fructooligosaccharide and Diabetes-Mellitus--Type-2

This study aimed to determine the effect of

Topics: Bacillus coagulans; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Lactobacillus acidophilus

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of fat-related conditions ranging from simple fatty liver, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. There is growing evidence that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting several extra-hepatic organs and regulatory pathways. Furthermore, since the gut and liver are linked anatomically via the portal vein, disturbances of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) can affect the liver.. In patients with NAFLD, we are testing the effects of a synbiotic which is the combination of a prebiotic (fructooligosaccharides; 4 g/day) and a probiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 at a minimum of 10 billion CFU/day) on a) liver fat percentage, b) NAFLD fibrosis algorithm scores, c) gut microbiota composition. Additionally, there will be several hypothesis-generating secondary outcomes to understand the metaorganismal pathways that influence the development and progression of NAFLD, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risk.. In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 104 participants were randomised to 10-14 months intervention with either synbiotic (n = 55) or placebo (n = 49). Recruitment was completed in April 2017 and the last study visit will be completed by April 2018.. Change in gut microbiota composition will be assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Change in mean liver fat percentage will be quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In addition, change in liver fat severity will be measured using two NAFLD fibrosis algorithm scores. The INSYTE study was approved by the local ethics committee (REC: 12/SC/0614) and is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01680640.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Bifidobacterium animalis; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cultured Milk Products; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Silencing; Genes, Microbial; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Oligosaccharides; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Synbiotics; Treatment Outcome

The consumption of foods containing probiotic and prebiotic ingredients is growing consistently every year, and in view of the limited number of studies investigating their effect in the elderly.. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of a symbiotic shake containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and fructooligosaccharides on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people.. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on twenty volunteers (ten for placebo group and ten for symbiotic group), aged 50 to 60 years. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL; triglycerides > 200 mg/dL and glycemia > 110 mg/dL. Over a total test period of 30 days, 10 individuals (the symbiotic group) consumed a daily dose of 200 mL of a symbiotic shake containing 10(8) UFC/mL Lactobacillus acidophilus, 10(8) UFC/mL Bifidobacterium bifidum and 2 g oligofructose, while 10 other volunteers (the placebo group) drank daily the same amount of a shake that did not contain any symbiotic bacteria. Blood samples were collected 15 days prior to the start of the experiment and at 10-day intervals after the beginning of the shake intake. The standard lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) and glycemia, or blood sugar levels, were evaluated by an enzyme colorimetric assay.. The results of the symbiotic group showed a non-significant reduction (P > 0.05) in total cholesterol and triglycerides, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in HDL cholesterol and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fasting glycemia. No significant changes were observed in the placebo group.. The consumption of symbiotic shake resulted in a significant increase in HDL and a significant decrease of glycemia.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bifidobacterium; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertriglyceridemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Male; Middle Aged; Oligosaccharides; Probiotics; Symbiosis; Treatment Outcome

The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a key role in controlling the gut-brain axis under normal and pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. The discovery of intestinal actors, such as enterosynes, able to modulate the ENS-induced duodenal contraction is considered an innovative approach. Among all the intestinal factors, the understanding of the role of gut microbes in controlling glycaemia is still developed. We studied whether the modulation of gut microbiota by prebiotics could permit the identification of novel enterosynes.. We measured the effects of prebiotics on the production of bioactive lipids in the intestine and tested the identified lipid on ENS-induced contraction and glucose metabolism. Then, we studied the signalling pathways involved and compared the results obtained in mice to human.. We found that modulating the gut microbiota with prebiotics modifies the actions of enteric neurons, thereby controlling duodenal contraction and subsequently attenuating hyperglycaemia in diabetic mice. We discovered that the signalling pathway involved in these effects depends on the synthesis of a bioactive lipid 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and the presence of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) on enteric neurons. Using pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated the key role of the MOR receptors and proliferator-activated receptor γ for the effects of 12-HETE. These findings are supported by human data showing a decreased expression of the proenkephalin and MOR messanger RNAs in the duodenum of patients with diabetic.. Using a prebiotic approach, we identified enkephalin and 12-HETE as new enterosynes with potential real beneficial and safety impact in diabetic human.

Topics: 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; Adult; Aged; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain-Gut Axis; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Duodenum; Enkephalins; Enteric Nervous System; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Isotonic Contraction; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Muscle, Smooth; Neurons; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Oligosaccharides; PPAR gamma; Prebiotics; Protein Precursors; Receptors, Opioid, mu; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a condition involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal microbiota for its development. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) is a sensitive marker to study enterocyte damage. A prebiotic is a non-digestible food ingredient that improves host health by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activities of bacteria in the colon. We aimed to clarify the currently described effects of prebiotics in the prevention and management of T2DM.. In this case-control study, we chose 68 participants with T2DM and 52 healthy participants. Both groups were further divided based on consumption of prebiotics. Forty participants with T2DM consumed prebiotics, and 28 did not; 30 healthy volunteers consumed prebiotics, and 22 did not. We used the analysis of variance to compare the inflammation levels between the case and control groups. Multiple linear regression was performed for the significantly correlated groups to estimate the influence of prebiotics on inflammation level.. Age was a significant factor for difference in I-FABP levels (standardized coefficient: 0.06; P = .047). The analysis of eating habits showed that vegetarian diets produced lower I-FABP levels than non-vegetarian diets (standardized coefficient: -2.55; P = .022). Results showed that patients with T2DM who consumed prebiotics expressed lower I-FABP levels, reflecting an improvement in inflammation level, than the healthy volunteers who did not consume prebiotics (standardized coefficient: -3.20; P = .019).. For patients with T2DM, prebiotics supplemented produced no significant impact on serum I-FABP levels.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics; Retrospective Studies

This study conducted in vivo and in situ experiments with rats to investigate the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in response to oral or ileal administration of α-glucosyl-isoquercitrin (20-40 mmol in 2 mL; Q3G), fructooligosaccharides (200 mmol in 2 mL; FOS) and Q3G + FOS. Direct effects on GLP-1-producing l-cells were also examined by an in vitro study using a murine enteroendocrine cell line, GLUTag. To evaluate the plasma GLP-1 level, blood samples from jugular cannula for in vivo and portal cannula for in situ experiments were obtained before and after administration of Q3G, FOS, or Q3G + FOS. We found tendencies for increases but transient stimulation of GLP-1 secretion by Q3G in in vivo and in situ experiments. Although FOS alone did not have any effects, Q3G + FOS enhanced and prolonged high plasma GLP-1 level in both experiments. In addition, application of Q3G on GLUTag cells stimulated GLP-1 secretion while FOS enhanced the effect of Q3G. Our results suggest that Q3G + FOS possess the potential for the management or prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by enhancing and prolonging the GLP-1 secretion via direct stimulation of GLP-1 producing l-cell.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enteroendocrine Cells; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Ileum; Male; Oligosaccharides; Quercetin; Rats; Rats, Wistar

This study evaluated the beneficial effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) intake from Aureobasidium pullulans using poloxamer-407 (PX-407) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rat. Administration of FOS enhanced enzymatic activities of catalase and glutathione reductase in a dose-dependent manner. Significant reduction in fasting plasma triacylglycerol and very low-density lipoprotein level coupled with slight increase in fasting plasma insulin level was observed. Significant decrease in severe glucosuria, proteinuria, blood creatinine, urea and advanced glycation end products was also observed. Supplementation of FOS increased glucagon like peptide-1 content as well as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli populations in the caecum. Molecular docking by Gold and Glide software revealed that three sugar types present in the FOS (1-kestose, nystose, and 1-β-fructofuranosyl nystose) are potent dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists. This work indicates that FOS can be positioned as a nutraceutical product, beneficial in diabetes-associated metabolic abnormalities.

Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Oligosaccharides; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Triglycerides