fosfomycin and Dental-Pulp-Diseases

To date, a variety of microbial species have been isolated from endodontic infections. However, endodontic clinical bacterial isolates have not been sufficiently characterized with regard to their capacity for antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. In this study, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of 47 different aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates, belonging to 32 different species previously isolated from infected filled root canals, were studied.. Antibiotic sensitivity to 11 antibiotics including penicillin G, amoxicillin, clindamycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, fosfomycin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin was tested using the standardized Etest method (Bio Merieux, Marcy-1'Etoile, France). The antibiotic sensitivity of 4 control strains was also estimated in parallel. Additionally, the capacity to form biofilms was quantified using the microtiter plate test.. Different aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species were either resistant against a number of antibiotics or showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations against clinically relevant antibiotics. Five aerobic and 2 anaerobic isolates, including Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus fermentum, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Prevotella buccae, and Propionibacterium acidifaciens, were characterized as being high biofilm producers, whereas 8 aerobic and 3 anaerobic isolates were found to be moderate biofilm producers. Most isolates with resistance or markedly high minimal inhibitory concentration values were also either moderate biofilm producers or high biofilm producers.. These results suggest that the clinical significance of endodontic infections could include that they serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, endodontic treatment should consider the adhesion and biofilm formation by a variety of bacteria.

Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomyces viscosus; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Dental Pulp Diseases; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterococcus faecalis; Fluoroquinolones; Fosfomycin; Gentamicins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Moxifloxacin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Prevotella; Propionibacterium; Rifampin; Streptococcus mutans; Tetracycline Resistance; Tooth, Nonvital; Vancomycin Resistance

The purpose of this study was to clarify the antibacterial efficacy of mixed antibacterial drugs on bacteria of carious and endodontic lesions of human deciduous teeth in vitro. The antibacterial drugs used in this study were mixtures of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, plus a third antibiotic: amoxicillin, cefaclor, cefroxadine, fosfomycin or rokitamycin. Samples taken from carious dentin (17 cases) and infected pulpal tissues (14 cases) were cultured on control plates and plates containing the mixed drugs. No bacteria were recovered in the presence of any combination of the mixture of the drugs (100 micrograms each/ml), and the bacterial growth occurred on control plates (10(1) to 10(7) colony-forming units), indicating that the mixed drugs inhibit the growth of bacteria in the samples. When carious and endodontic lesions on split surfaces of freshly extracted teeth were covered overnight with alpha-tricalcium phosphate cement containing a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and cefaclor (1% each; 5 cases), no bacteria were recovered from the lesions. No bacteria were recovered from carious and endodontic lesions when these lesions were immersed in a solution of the mixture (200 micrograms each/ml; 5 cases). These findings indicate that carious and endodontic lesions can be sterilized by the mixed drugs in situ.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cefaclor; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fosfomycin; Humans; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Miocamycin; Tooth, Deciduous