fondaparinux and Non-ST-Elevated-Myocardial-Infarction

Enoxaparin and Fondaparinux are potential anticoagulants which are used peri-operatively in the management of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). We aimed to compare the adverse clinical outcomes which are associated with the use of these anticoagulants in patients who were treated for ACS.. Online databases (PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library) were searched for studies which compared differences in clinical outcomes observed with the use of enoxaparin and fondaparinux in patients who were treated peri-operatively for ACS. Statistical analysis was carried out by Revman 5.3 software with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the analytical parameters.. Seven studies with a total number of 9618 patients (mainly composed of non-ST elevated myocardial infarction/NSTEMI) were included. This analysis showed mortality to be similarly observed between enoxaparin and fondaparinux with OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.67-1.63; P = 0.84. Myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke were also not significantly different throughout different follow up periods. However, minor, major and total bleeding were significantly lower with fondaparinux (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.27-0.58; P = 0.00001), (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32-0.66; P = 0.0001) and (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.37-0.60; P = 0.00001) respectively during the 10-day follow up period. Even during a follow up period of 30 days or a midterm follow up, major and minor bleeding still significantly favored fondaparinux in comparison to enoxaparin.. In patients who were treated for ACS, fondaparinux might be a better choice when compared to enoxaparin in terms of short to midterm bleeding events. This result was mainly applicable to patients with NSTEMI. However, due to a limited number of patients analyzed, further larger randomized trials should be able to confirm this hypothesis.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Anticoagulants; Chi-Square Distribution; Enoxaparin; Female; Fondaparinux; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Odds Ratio; Patient Selection; Polysaccharides; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Treatment Outcome

In intermediate- and high-risk non-ST elevated acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients, a routine invasive approach is recommended. The timing of coronary angiography remains controversial. To assess whether an immediate (<3 hours) invasive treatment strategy would reduce infarct size and is safe, compared with an early strategy (12-24 hours), for patients admitted with NSTE-ACS while preferably treated with ticagrelor.. In this single-center, prospective, randomized trial an immediate or early invasive strategy was randomly assigned to patients with NSTE-ACS. At admission, the patients were preferably treated with a combination of aspirin, ticagrelor and fondaparinux. The primary endpoint was the infarct size as measured by area under the curve (AUC) of CK-MB in 48 hours. Secondary endpoints were bleeding outcomes and major adverse cardiac events (MACE): composite of all-cause death, MI and unplanned revascularization. Interim analysis showed futility regarding the primary endpoint and trial inclusion was terminated.. In total 249 patients (71% of planned) were included. The primary endpoint of in-hospital infarct size was a median AUC of CK-MB 186.2 ng/mL in the immediate group (IQR 112-618) and 201.3 ng/mL in the early group (IQR 119-479). Clinical follow-up was 1-year. The MACE-rate was 10% in the immediate and 10% in the early group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% CI: 0.52-2.49).. In NSTE-ACS patients randomized to either an immediate or an early-invasive strategy the observed median difference in the primary endpoint was about half the magnitude of the expected difference. The trial was terminated early for futility after 71% of the projected enrollment had been randomized into the trial.

Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Aspirin; Cause of Death; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Early Termination of Clinical Trials; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Female; Fondaparinux; Humans; Male; Medical Futility; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Ticagrelor; Time Factors

Aim      To study specific features of the parenteral anticoagulant therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI) in the Russian Federation and to evaluate the consistency of the prescribed parenteral anticoagulant therapy with the effective clinical guidelines.Material and methods  REGION-MI, the Russian rEGIstry for acute myOcardial iNfarction, is a multicenter observational study. This registry includes all patients admitted to hospitals with a documented diagnosis of ST-elevation acute MI (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation acute MI (NSTEMI) based on the criteria of the Forth Universal Definition of MI of the European Society of Cardiology. Risk of bleeding was assessed with the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) scale, and risk of major bleeding in patients with NSTEMI was additionally assessed with the CRUSADE scale.Results From November 01, 2020 through April 03, 2022, 5025 patients were included into the REGION-MI registry. At primary vascular departments, 70.5% of patients were administered unfractionated heparin (NFH); at regional vascular centers, 37.1 % of patients were administered NFH, 29.6 % enoxaparin, 20,2% NFH in combination with enoxaparin, 6.8 % fondaparinux, 4.2 % NFH in combination with fondaparinux, and 1.9 % nadroparin. At the prehospital stage, NFH was used as an anticoagulant support for the thrombolytic therapy (TLT) in 84% of patients, and low-molecular heparins (LMH) were used in 16 %. At the hospital stage, UFH was administered to 64.4 % of patients, and enoxaparin was administered to 23.9 % of patients. Among the patients who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), 40 % received NFH, 25 % enoxaparin, 22 % NFH in combination with enoxaparin, 7 % fondaparinux, and 4 % NFH in combination with fondaparinux. In conservative and invasive tactics of therapy for NSTEMI, NFH was also administered more frequently (43 and 43 %, respectively), followed by (according to frequency of administration) enoxaparin (36 and 34 %, respectively), NFH in combination with enoxaparin (10 and 16 %, respectively), fondaparinux (7 and 6 %, respectively), and NFH in combination with fondaparinux (3 and 1 %, respectively).Conclusion      According to the Russian registry of acute MI, REGION-MI, with all strategies for the treatment of MI, parenteral anticoagulants are not prescribed in full consistency with clinical guidelines. The most frequently used parenteral anticoagulant is NFH. Despite the high efficacy a

Topics: Anticoagulants; Enoxaparin; Fondaparinux; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Treatment Outcome

Our previous study showed that parenteral anticoagulation therapy (PACT) in the context of aggressive antiplatelet therapy failed to improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). However, the role of PACT in patients managed medically remains unknown. This observational cohort study enrolled patients with NSTE-ACS receiving medical therapy from November 2014 to June 2017 in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome project. Eligible patients were included in the PACT group and non-PACT group. The primary outcomes were in-hospital all-cause mortality and major bleeding. The secondary outcome included minor bleeding. Among 23,726 patients, 8,845 eligible patients who received medical therapy were enrolled. After adjusting the potential confounders, PACT was not associated with a lower risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92-1.71; P = 0.151). Additionally, PACT did not increase the incidence of major bleeding or minor bleeding (major bleeding: adjusted OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80-1.35; P = 0.763; minor bleeding: adjusted OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.91-1.75; P = 0.156). The propensity score analysis confirmed the primary analyses. In patients with NSTE-ACS receiving antiplatelet therapy, PACT was not associated with a lower risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality or a higher bleeding risk in patients with NSTE-ACS receiving non-invasive therapies and concurrent antiplatelet strategies. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to reevaluate the safety and efficacy of PACT in all patients with NSTE-ACS who receive noninvasive therapies and current antithrombotic strategies.

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina, Unstable; Anticoagulants; China; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Female; Fondaparinux; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction; Recurrence