fluorouracil has been researched along with Cognition Disorders in 34 studies
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.
5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.
Cognition Disorders: Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were randomly assigned to receive fluorouracil (FU) -based chemotherapy either alone or in combination with irinotecan (IRI) in the Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive (FFCD) 2001-02 study." | 5.17 | Geriatric factors predict chemotherapy feasibility: ancillary results of FFCD 2001-02 phase III study in first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer in elderly patients. ( Aparicio, T; Bouché, O; Breysacher, G; Charneau, J; Cretin, J; Gargot, D; Gasmi, M; Jouve, JL; Le Brun-Ly, V; Lecomte, T; Locher, C; Mitry, E; Ramdani, M; Seitz, JF; Stefani, L; Subtil, F; Teillet, L, 2013) |
| " To evaluate these effects, 17 patients with advanced colorectal cancer took part in a randomised, parallel group study of rIL-2 with chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and leucovorin) and chemotherapy alone." | 5.08 | The cognitive effects of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) therapy: a controlled clinical trial using computerised assessments. ( Eremin, O; Heys, SD; Lolley, J; Walker, LG; Walker, MB; Wesnes, KP, 1996) |
| " To evaluate these effects, 17 patients with advanced colorectal cancer took part in a randomised, parallel group study of rIL-2 with chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and leucovorin) versus chemotherapy alone." | 5.08 | The psychological and psychiatric effects of rIL-2 therapy: a controlled clinical trial. ( Eremin, O; Heys, SD; Lolley, J; Walker, LG; Walker, MB; Wesnes, K, 1997) |
| "However, breast cancer patients treated with conventional cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy showed a higher risk of cognitive impairment." | 2.70 | Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients. ( Boogerd, W; Muller, MJ; Rodenhuis, S; Rosenbrand, RM; Schagen, SB; van Dam, FS; van Rhijn, D, 2002) |
| "From a randomized study in high-risk breast cancer patients on the efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose adjuvant chemotherapy, late effects on cognitive functioning were analyzed by neuropsychological tests." | 2.70 | Neurophysiological evaluation of late effects of adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy on cognitive function. ( Boogerd, W; Hamburger, HL; Muller, MJ; Schagen, SB; van Dam, FS, 2001) |
| "Thirty-nine breast carcinoma patients who had been treated with adjuvant CMF (6 courses) followed (n = 20) by 3 years of tamoxifen 20 mg daily or not (n = 19) were examined with neuropsychologic tests and interviews." | 2.69 | Cognitive deficits after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma. ( Boogerd, W; Bruning, PF; Lindeboom, J; Muller, MJ; Schagen, SB; van Dam, FS, 1999) |
| "Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpene compound found in Centella asiatica that can protect against reduction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus and memory deficits induced by valproic acid (VPA)." | 1.46 | Asiatic acid protects against cognitive deficits and reductions in cell proliferation and survival in the rat hippocampus caused by 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. ( Chaijaroonkhanarak, W; Chaisawang, P; Pannangrong, W; Sirichoat, A; Sripanidkulchai, B; Welbat, JU; Wigmore, P, 2017) |
| "Adjuvant FOLFOX4 in patients with colon cancer can have a negative effect on verbal memory." | 1.40 | Longitudinal study of cognitive dysfunctions induced by adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer patients. ( Cruzado, JA; Custodio, AB; Feliu, J; José-Moreno, G; López-Santiago, S; Martínez-Marín, V, 2014) |
| "5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cytostatic drug associated with chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments that many cancer patients experience after treatment." | 1.38 | Fluoxetine counteracts the cognitive and cellular effects of 5-fluorouracil in the rat hippocampus by a mechanism of prevention rather than recovery. ( Bennett, G; ElBeltagy, M; Lyons, L; Wigmore, P, 2012) |
| "Patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant CMF chemotherapy (n = 63) were examined with neuropsychological tests 1 year after treatment and compared with healthy women (n = 60; T1 portion of the study)." | 1.35 | Persistent neurocognitive problems after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. ( Boogerd, W; Kreukels, BP; Ridderinkhof, KR; Schagen, SB; van Dam, FS, 2008) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (2.94) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4 (11.76) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 9 (26.47) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 20 (58.82) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Sofis, MJ | 2 |
| Jarmolowicz, DP | 2 |
| Kaplan, SV | 1 |
| Gehringer, RC | 1 |
| Lemley, SM | 2 |
| Garg, G | 1 |
| Blagg, BS | 1 |
| Johnson, MA | 2 |
| Chaisawang, P | 1 |
| Sirichoat, A | 1 |
| Chaijaroonkhanarak, W | 1 |
| Pannangrong, W | 1 |
| Sripanidkulchai, B | 1 |
| Wigmore, P | 2 |
| Welbat, JU | 1 |
| Sales, MVC | 1 |
| Suemoto, CK | 1 |
| Apolinario, D | 1 |
| Serrao, V | 1 |
| Andrade, CS | 1 |
| Conceição, DM | 1 |
| Amaro, E | 1 |
| de Melo, BAR | 1 |
| Riechelmann, RP | 1 |
| Gehringer, R | 1 |
| Kaplan, S | 1 |
| Aparicio, T | 1 |
| Jouve, JL | 1 |
| Teillet, L | 1 |
| Gargot, D | 1 |
| Subtil, F | 1 |
| Le Brun-Ly, V | 1 |
| Cretin, J | 1 |
| Locher, C | 1 |
| Bouché, O | 1 |
| Breysacher, G | 1 |
| Charneau, J | 1 |
| Seitz, JF | 1 |
| Gasmi, M | 1 |
| Stefani, L | 1 |
| Ramdani, M | 1 |
| Lecomte, T | 1 |
| Mitry, E | 1 |
| Briones, TL | 1 |
| Woods, J | 1 |
| Dubois, M | 1 |
| Lapinte, N | 1 |
| Villier, V | 1 |
| Lecointre, C | 1 |
| Roy, V | 1 |
| Tonon, MC | 1 |
| Gandolfo, P | 1 |
| Joly, F | 1 |
| Hilber, P | 1 |
| Castel, H | 1 |
| Hamaker, ME | 1 |
| Seynaeve, C | 1 |
| Wymenga, AN | 1 |
| van Tinteren, H | 1 |
| Nortier, JW | 1 |
| Maartense, E | 1 |
| de Graaf, H | 1 |
| de Jongh, FE | 1 |
| Braun, JJ | 1 |
| Los, M | 1 |
| Schrama, JG | 1 |
| van Leeuwen-Stok, AE | 1 |
| de Groot, SM | 1 |
| Smorenburg, CH | 1 |
| Winocur, G | 3 |
| Wojtowicz, JM | 2 |
| Huang, J | 1 |
| Tannock, IF | 2 |
| Cruzado, JA | 1 |
| López-Santiago, S | 1 |
| Martínez-Marín, V | 1 |
| José-Moreno, G | 1 |
| Custodio, AB | 1 |
| Feliu, J | 1 |
| Seigers, R | 1 |
| Loos, M | 1 |
| Van Tellingen, O | 1 |
| Boogerd, W | 6 |
| Smit, AB | 1 |
| Schagen, SB | 6 |
| Petrioli, R | 1 |
| Francini, E | 1 |
| Roviello, F | 1 |
| Marrelli, D | 1 |
| Miano, ST | 1 |
| Fiaschi, AI | 1 |
| Laera, L | 1 |
| Bellini, MA | 1 |
| Roviello, G | 1 |
| Merkley, CM | 1 |
| Gandal, MJ | 1 |
| Ehrlichman, RS | 1 |
| Rudnick, ND | 1 |
| Siegel, SJ | 1 |
| Bastani, P | 1 |
| Ahmad Kiadaliri, A | 1 |
| Binns, MA | 1 |
| Tannock, I | 1 |
| Long, JM | 1 |
| Lee, GD | 1 |
| Kelley-Bell, B | 1 |
| Spangler, EL | 1 |
| Perez, EJ | 1 |
| Longo, DL | 1 |
| de Cabo, R | 1 |
| Zou, S | 1 |
| Rapp, PR | 1 |
| Fardell, JE | 1 |
| Vardy, J | 1 |
| Shah, JD | 1 |
| Johnston, IN | 1 |
| Fremouw, T | 1 |
| Fessler, CL | 1 |
| Ferguson, RJ | 1 |
| Burguete, Y | 1 |
| Lyons, L | 1 |
| ElBeltagy, M | 1 |
| Bennett, G | 1 |
| Andreis, F | 1 |
| Ferri, M | 1 |
| Mazzocchi, M | 1 |
| Meriggi, F | 1 |
| Rizzi, A | 1 |
| Rota, L | 1 |
| Di Biasi, B | 1 |
| Abeni, C | 1 |
| Codignola, C | 1 |
| Rozzini, R | 1 |
| Zaniboni, A | 1 |
| Muller, MJ | 3 |
| Rosenbrand, RM | 1 |
| van Rhijn, D | 1 |
| Rodenhuis, S | 1 |
| van Dam, FS | 5 |
| de Jong, N | 1 |
| Candel, MJ | 1 |
| Schouten, HC | 1 |
| Abu-Saad, HH | 1 |
| Courtens, AM | 1 |
| Kreukels, BP | 2 |
| Ridderinkhof, KR | 2 |
| Hamburger, HL | 2 |
| Jansen, C | 1 |
| Miaskowski, C | 1 |
| Dodd, M | 1 |
| Dowling, G | 1 |
| Kramer, J | 1 |
| Reiriz, AB | 1 |
| Reolon, GK | 1 |
| Preissler, T | 1 |
| Rosado, JO | 1 |
| Henriques, JA | 1 |
| Roesler, R | 1 |
| Schwartsmann, G | 1 |
| Allen, JA | 1 |
| Adlakha, A | 1 |
| Bergethon, PR | 1 |
| Walker, LG | 2 |
| Wesnes, KP | 1 |
| Heys, SD | 2 |
| Walker, MB | 2 |
| Lolley, J | 2 |
| Eremin, O | 2 |
| Wesnes, K | 1 |
| Lindeboom, J | 1 |
| Bruning, PF | 1 |
| Greenwald, ES | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized Study of Classic vs Simplified Leucovorin Calcium and Fluorouracil With or Without Irinotecan in Patients Aged At Least 75 Years With Advanced Colorectal Cancer[NCT00303771] | Phase 3 | 282 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Chemotherapy-Related Changes in Neurocognitive Function and Symptoms in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study[NCT03683004] | 40 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2018-01-22 | Completed | |||
| Maintenance Treatment With S-1 Versus Observation After First-line Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer: a Randomized Phase II Study[NCT03701373] | Phase 2 | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
| An Assessor-Blinded, Randomised Controlled Trial of Acupuncture to Prevent Chemobrain in Breast Cancer Patients[NCT02457039] | 93 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-10-31 | Completed | |||
| Computer-Based Training in Patients With Post-Chemotherapy Cognitive Impairment, A Pilot Study[NCT00387062] | Phase 1 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Multidisciplinary Management by Hippotherapy on the Quality of Life of Women With a Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effectiveness of the Therapeutic Intervention[NCT04350398] | 83 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-20 | Completed | |||
| A Phase I Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of the HIV-1 DNA Vaccine VRC-HIVDNA009-00-VP (Gag-Pol-Nef-multiclade Env) With the Plasmid Cytokine Adjuvant VRC-ADJDNA004-IL2-VP (IL-2/Ig)[NCT00069030] | Phase 1 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-12-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
1 review available for fluorouracil and Cognition Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Potential mechanisms for chemotherapy-induced impairments in cognitive function.
Topics: Anemia; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Attention; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cognition Disorders; Cycloph | 2005 |
7 trials available for fluorouracil and Cognition Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Geriatric factors predict chemotherapy feasibility: ancillary results of FFCD 2001-02 phase III study in first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer in elderly patients.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; | 2013 |
Baseline comprehensive geriatric assessment is associated with toxicity and survival in elderly metastatic breast cancer patients receiving single-agent chemotherapy: results from the OMEGA study of the Dutch breast cancer trialists' group.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Body Mass Index; Breast | 2014 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on cognitive function: a follow-up study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvan | 2002 |
The cognitive effects of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) therapy: a controlled clinical trial using computerised assessments.
Topics: Aged; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Cognition Disorders; Colorectal Neoplasms; Combined Modality | 1996 |
The psychological and psychiatric effects of rIL-2 therapy: a controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Cognition Disorders; Colorectal Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therap | 1997 |
Cognitive deficits after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Attention; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Ad | 1999 |
Neurophysiological evaluation of late effects of adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy on cognitive function.
Topics: Alpha Rhythm; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Anxiety; Breast Neoplasms; Carboplatin | 2001 |
26 other studies available for fluorouracil and Cognition Disorders
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
KU32 prevents 5-fluorouracil induced cognitive impairment.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorouracil; Immunosupp | 2017 |
Asiatic acid protects against cognitive deficits and reductions in cell proliferation and survival in the rat hippocampus caused by 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cognition Disorders; Dentate Gyrus; Explorat | 2017 |
Effects of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Cognitive Function of Patients With Early-stage Colorectal Cancer.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Case-Control Studies; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; | 2019 |
5-Fluorouracil impairs attention and dopamine release in rats.
Topics: Animals; Attention; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Dopamine; Executive Function; | 2019 |
Dysregulation in myelination mediated by persistent neuroinflammation: possible mechanisms in chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cognition Disorders; Corpus Callosum; Cyclo | 2014 |
Chemotherapy-induced long-term alteration of executive functions and hippocampal cell proliferation: role of glucose as adjuvant.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Proliferation; Ce | 2014 |
Physical exercise prevents suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis and reduces cognitive impairment in chemotherapy-treated rats.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Body Weight; Cognition Disorders; Cues; Dentate Gyrus; Dou | 2014 |
Longitudinal study of cognitive dysfunctions induced by adjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer patients.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cognition; Cognition D | 2014 |
Cognitive impact of cytotoxic agents in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cytotoxins; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2015 |
Treatment of advanced oesophagogastric cancer with FOLFOX-4 regimen followed by leucovorin/bolus and continuous infusion 5-FU as maintenance chemotherapy in patients aged ≥ 75 years with impaired performance status.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cognition; Cognition Disord | 2015 |
Environmental enrichment protects against cognitive impairment following chemotherapy in an animal model.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy; | 2016 |
A novel electrophysiological model of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Auditory Perception; Cognition Diso | 2008 |
Health-related quality of life after chemotherapy cycle in breast cancer in Iran.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Cognition Disorders; | 2011 |
Donepezil reduces cognitive impairment associated with anti-cancer drugs in a mouse model.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cognition Disorders; | 2011 |
Preserved learning and memory following 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide treatment in rats.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cognition Disorders; Cyclophosphamide; Fluo | 2011 |
Cognitive impairments caused by oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy are ameliorated by physical activity.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Fluorouracil; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; | 2012 |
Preserved learning and memory in mice following chemotherapy: 5-Fluorouracil and doxorubicin single agent treatment, doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide combination treatment.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cognition Disorders; Conditioning, Classical; Cyclophosphamide; Doxo | 2012 |
Fluoxetine counteracts the cognitive and cellular effects of 5-fluorouracil in the rat hippocampus by a mechanism of prevention rather than recovery.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Body Weight; Bro | 2012 |
Lack of a chemobrain effect for adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy in colon cancer patients. A pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cognition; Cogn | 2013 |
Course of mental fatigue and motivation in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Cognition Disorders; | 2005 |
Electrophysiological correlates of information processing in breast-cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Case- | 2005 |
Cancer chemotherapy and cognitive function in rodent models: memory impairment induced by cyclophosphamide in mice.
Topics: Animals; Cognition Disorders; Cyclophosphamide; Fluorouracil; Hippocampus; Male; Memory; Memory Diso | 2006 |
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome after bevacizumab/FOLFIRI regimen for metastatic colon cancer.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic C | 2006 |
Persistent neurocognitive problems after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cognition; Cognition Disorde | 2008 |
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 24-1999. Neurologic disorder in a 65-year-old man after treatment of colon cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cogniti | 1999 |
Letter: Organic mental changes with fluorouracil therapy.
Topics: Aged; Cognition Disorders; Colonic Neoplasms; Consciousness Disorders; Female; Fluorouracil; Humans; | 1976 |