flunitrazepam has been researched along with Drug Withdrawal Symptoms in 45 studies
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.
flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Three cases of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) following abrupt discontinuation of long-term use of 25 mg of lorazepam in one patient and more than 20 mg of flunitrazepam in two patients are presented; they were non-epileptics and free of other high-risk factors for seizures." | 3.70 | Convulsive status epilepticus following abrupt high-dose benzodiazepine discontinuation. ( Angelopoulos, EK; Chioni, A; Daskalopoulou, EG; Gatzonis, SD; Mantouvalos, V; Siafakas, A; Zournas, C, 2000) |
| "In this study, we present five cases of seizures following withdrawal of flunitrazepam, lorazepam, or triazolam, representing 3% of a sample consisting of 153 patients dependent on benzodiazepines." | 3.69 | Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome seizures. ( de Iceta, M; Martínez-Cano, H; Martínez-Gras, I; Pomalima, R; Vela-Bueno, A, 1995) |
| "Twenty-four volunteers (19 women and five men) with insomnia and a history of chronic use of benzodiazepine hypnotics participated in a randomized, double blind, controlled clinical trial." | 2.69 | The effects of substituting zopiclone in withdrawal from chronic use of benzodiazepine hypnotics. ( Hacohen, D; Herer, P; Lavie, P; Pat-Horenczyk, R, 1998) |
| "Symptoms of the autonomic nervous system were more effectively prevented by GHB as evident in the lower dosage requirement of clonidine." | 2.69 | [Gamma-hydroxybutyrate for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in intensive care patients. A comparison between with two symptom-oriented therapeutic concepts]. ( Lenzenhuber, E; Müller, C; Rommelspacher, H; Spies, C, 1999) |
| "Flunitrazepam is a newer benzodiazepine that is preferentially used recreationally and to facilitate sexual assault." | 1.62 | Sedative-Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank. ( Doyno, CR; White, CM, 2021) |
| " These results suggest that miltirone might ameliorate the symptoms associated with discontinuation of long-term administration of ethanol or of other positive modulators of the GABA(A) receptor." | 1.32 | Inhibition by miltirone of up-regulation of GABAA receptor alpha4 subunit mRNA by ethanol withdrawal in hippocampal neurons. ( Biggio, G; Busonero, F; Mascia, MP; Mostallino, MC; Pisu, MG; Talani, G, 2004) |
| "Flunitrazepam was administered because of institution of mechanical ventilation." | 1.31 | Acute benzodiazepine withdrawal delirium after a short course of flunitrazepam in an intensive care patient. ( Diehl, JL; Guerot, E; Guillibert, E; Kimounn, E; Labrousse, J, 2000) |
| "Flunitrazepam was evaluated in several procedures that have been used extensively to study the behavioral effects and abuse potential of positive GABA(A) modulators." | 1.31 | Behavioral effects of flunitrazepam: reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects in rhesus monkeys and prevention of withdrawal signs in pentobarbital-dependent rats. ( France, CP; Gerak, LR; Harris, LS; Nader, MA; Patrick, GA; Winger, G; Woods, JH; Woolverton, WL, 2001) |
| "4." | 1.29 | Study of the mechanisms involved in behavioral changes induced by flunitrazepam in morphine withdrawal. ( Gibert-Rahola, J; Maldonado, R; Micó, JA; Valverde, O, 1995) |
| "Seizures were detected in 25% of the animals during withdrawal episode 10-13." | 1.29 | Glutamate and benzodiazepine receptor autoradiography in rat brain after repetition of alcohol dependence. ( Allerup, P; Bech, B; Diemer, NH; Ebert, B; Hemmingsen, R; Ulrichsen, J, 1996) |
| "Dogs dosed chronically (4-7 weeks) with oral flunitrazepam (7." | 1.28 | A comparison of the physical dependence inducing properties of flunitrazepam and diazepam. ( Martin, WR; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1991) |
| "Withdrawal seizure prone (WSP) and withdrawal seizure resistant (WSR) lines of mice have been genetically selected based on the severity of handling-induced convulsions after identical chronic ethanol exposure." | 1.27 | Differences in GABA activity between ethanol withdrawal seizure prone and resistant mice. ( Crabbe, JC; Feller, DJ; Harris, RA, 1988) |
| "For the insomniac without significant psychopathology, temazepam 10-20 mg, triazolam 0." | 1.26 | The use of short- and long-acting hypnotics in clinical medicine. ( Nicholson, AN, 1981) |
| "Rebound insomnia, a worsening of sleep compared with baseline, occurred following withdrawal of triazolam, nitrazepam, and flunitrazepam after they had been given in only single, nightly doses for short periods." | 1.26 | Rebound insomnia. A potential hazard following withdrawal of certain benzodiazepines. ( Kales, A; Kales, JD; Scharf, MB; Soldatos, CR, 1979) |
| "Rebound insomnia followed the withdrawal of three benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs, each of which had been administered in a single nightly dose for only short-term periods." | 1.26 | Rebound insomnia: a new clinical syndrome. ( Kales, A; Kales, JD; Scharf, MB, 1978) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 13 (28.89) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 23 (51.11) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 6 (13.33) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1 (2.22) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (4.44) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Islas-Preciado, D | 1 |
| Ugalde-Fuentes, G | 1 |
| Sollozo-Dupont, I | 1 |
| González Trujano, ME | 1 |
| Cervantes-Anaya, N | 1 |
| Estrada-Camarena, E | 1 |
| López-Rubalcava, C | 1 |
| Doyno, CR | 1 |
| White, CM | 1 |
| Vlainić, J | 1 |
| Jembrek, MJ | 1 |
| Strac, DS | 1 |
| Pericić, D | 1 |
| Jang, SY | 1 |
| Kim, Y | 1 |
| Oh, S | 1 |
| Mostallino, MC | 1 |
| Mascia, MP | 1 |
| Pisu, MG | 1 |
| Busonero, F | 1 |
| Talani, G | 1 |
| Biggio, G | 1 |
| Nicholson, AN | 1 |
| Zharkovskiĭ, AM | 1 |
| Zharkovskaia, TA | 1 |
| Volicer, L | 1 |
| Biagioni, TM | 1 |
| Hemmingsen, R | 2 |
| Braestrup, C | 1 |
| Nielsen, M | 1 |
| Barry, DI | 1 |
| Wickstrøm, E | 2 |
| Barbo, SE | 2 |
| Dreyfus, JF | 2 |
| Jerkø, D | 2 |
| Kleiven, R | 2 |
| Slåttbrekk, R | 2 |
| Stray Tønnesen, JN | 2 |
| Ladewig, D | 1 |
| Martin, JR | 3 |
| Jenck, F | 2 |
| Moreau, JL | 2 |
| Jing, X | 1 |
| Wala, EP | 2 |
| Sloan, JW | 2 |
| Miyaoka, T | 1 |
| Kimura, T | 1 |
| Saunders, PA | 1 |
| Tseng, YT | 1 |
| Ho, IK | 1 |
| Negro, M | 1 |
| Fernández-López, A | 2 |
| Calvo, P | 2 |
| Valverde, O | 2 |
| Maldonado, R | 3 |
| Micó, JA | 3 |
| Gibert-Rahola, J | 3 |
| Spies, CD | 1 |
| Dubisz, N | 1 |
| Funk, W | 1 |
| Blum, S | 1 |
| Müller, C | 2 |
| Rommelspacher, H | 2 |
| Brummer, G | 1 |
| Specht, M | 1 |
| Hannemann, L | 1 |
| Striebel, HW | 1 |
| Primavera, A | 1 |
| Cocito, L | 1 |
| Martínez-Cano, H | 1 |
| Vela-Bueno, A | 1 |
| de Iceta, M | 1 |
| Pomalima, R | 1 |
| Martínez-Gras, I | 1 |
| Ulrichsen, J | 1 |
| Bech, B | 1 |
| Ebert, B | 1 |
| Diemer, NH | 1 |
| Allerup, P | 1 |
| Toki, S | 1 |
| Saito, T | 1 |
| Hatta, S | 1 |
| Takahata, N | 1 |
| Leuschner, J | 1 |
| Zimmermann, T | 1 |
| Pat-Horenczyk, R | 1 |
| Hacohen, D | 1 |
| Herer, P | 1 |
| Lavie, P | 1 |
| Lenzenhuber, E | 1 |
| Spies, C | 1 |
| Homanics, GE | 1 |
| Harrison, NL | 1 |
| Quinlan, JJ | 1 |
| Krasowski, MD | 1 |
| Rick, CE | 1 |
| de Blas, AL | 1 |
| Mehta, AK | 1 |
| Kist, F | 1 |
| Mihalek, RM | 1 |
| Aul, JJ | 1 |
| Firestone, LL | 1 |
| Bell, JR | 1 |
| Young, MR | 1 |
| Masterman, SC | 1 |
| Morris, A | 1 |
| Mattick, RP | 1 |
| Bammer, G | 1 |
| Calixto, E | 1 |
| López-Colomé, AM | 1 |
| Casasola, C | 1 |
| Montiel, T | 1 |
| Bargas, J | 1 |
| Brailowsky, S | 1 |
| Gatzonis, SD | 1 |
| Angelopoulos, EK | 1 |
| Daskalopoulou, EG | 1 |
| Mantouvalos, V | 1 |
| Chioni, A | 1 |
| Zournas, C | 1 |
| Siafakas, A | 1 |
| Diehl, JL | 1 |
| Guillibert, E | 1 |
| Guerot, E | 1 |
| Kimounn, E | 1 |
| Labrousse, J | 1 |
| Gerak, LR | 1 |
| Woolverton, WL | 1 |
| Nader, MA | 1 |
| Patrick, GA | 1 |
| Harris, LS | 1 |
| Winger, G | 1 |
| Woods, JH | 1 |
| France, CP | 1 |
| Hartelius, H | 1 |
| Larsson, AK | 1 |
| Lepp, M | 1 |
| Malm, U | 1 |
| Arvidsson, A | 1 |
| Dahlström, H | 1 |
| Kales, A | 2 |
| Scharf, MB | 2 |
| Kales, JD | 2 |
| Soldatos, CR | 1 |
| Buck, KJ | 2 |
| McQuilkin, SJ | 1 |
| Harris, RA | 3 |
| Soria, C | 1 |
| Gomez, T | 1 |
| Prather, PL | 1 |
| Rezazadeh, SM | 1 |
| Chen, JP | 1 |
| Lal, H | 1 |
| Martin, MW | 1 |
| Martin, WR | 1 |
| Harro, J | 1 |
| Lang, A | 1 |
| Vasar, E | 1 |
| Pieri, L | 1 |
| Bonetti, EP | 1 |
| Schaffner, R | 1 |
| Burkard, WP | 1 |
| Cumin, R | 1 |
| Haefely, WE | 1 |
| Feller, DJ | 1 |
| Crabbe, JC | 1 |
| Leonsegui, I | 1 |
| Saavedra, MC | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of the Standardised Nurse-led Approach for Risk Screening and Decrease of Alcohol Withdrawal Among Adult Inpatients With Alcohol Dependence in an Ear, Nose, Throat and Jaw Surgery Department[NCT02782156] | 89 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-11-30 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
7 trials available for flunitrazepam and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A comparative study of zopiclone and flunitrazepam in insomniacs seen by general practitioners.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azabicyclo Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Family Pract | 1983 |
A comparative study of zopiclone and flunitrazepam in insomniacs seen by general practitioners.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azabicyclo Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Family Pract | 1982 |
Prophylaxis of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in alcohol-dependent patients admitted to the intensive care unit after tumour resection.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chlormethiazole; Clonidine; Critical Care | 1995 |
The effects of substituting zopiclone in withdrawal from chronic use of benzodiazepine hypnotics.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Azabicyclo Compounds; Double-Blind Method; Female; Flunitrazepam; Follow | 1998 |
[Gamma-hydroxybutyrate for treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in intensive care patients. A comparison between with two symptom-oriented therapeutic concepts].
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Alkalosis, Respiratory; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; | 1999 |
A pilot study of naltrexone-accelerated detoxification in opioid dependence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonidine; Conscious Sedation; Female; Flunitraz | 1999 |
A controlled long-term study of flunitrazepam, nitrazepam and placebo, with special regard to withdrawal effects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Dr | 1978 |
38 other studies available for flunitrazepam and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Anxiety-like Behavior and GABAAR/BDZ Binding Site Response to Progesterone Withdrawal in a Stress-Vulnerable Strain, the Wistar Kyoto Rats.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Binding Sites; Corticosterone; Diazepam; Female; Flunitrazepam; | 2022 |
Sedative-Hypnotic Agents That Impact Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors: Focus on Flunitrazepam, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid, Phenibut, and Selank.
Topics: Drug Overdose; Flunitrazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Oligopeptide | 2021 |
The effects of zolpidem treatment and withdrawal on the in vitro expression of recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2s GABA(A) receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Diazepam; Flunitrazepam; Humans; Hypnotics and | 2010 |
The bindings of [3H]muscimol and [3H]flunitrazapam are elevated in discrete brain regions of butorphanol-withdrawal rats.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Butorphanol; Flunitrazepam; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Muscimol; R | 2002 |
Inhibition by miltirone of up-regulation of GABAA receptor alpha4 subunit mRNA by ethanol withdrawal in hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cerebral Cortex; | 2004 |
The use of short- and long-acting hypnotics in clinical medicine.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diazepam; Flunitrazepam; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Psychomotor Performan | 1981 |
[Changes in the number of benzodiazepine receptors in different parts of the brain of rats after neuroleptic withdrawal].
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Clozapine; Flunitrazepam; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Rats; Rat | 1984 |
Effect of ethanol administration and withdrawal on benzodiazepine receptor binding in the rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Ethanol; Flunitrazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; | 1982 |
The benzodiazepine/GABA receptor complex during severe ethanol intoxication and withdrawal in the rat.
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Animals; Diazepam; Ethanol; Flunitrazepam; Humans; Male; Rats; R | 1982 |
[Does a rebound insomnia following benzodiazepine administration exist?].
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Flunitrazepam; Flurazepam; Humans; Nitrazepam; Sleep Initiation and Maint | 1980 |
Comparison of benzodiazepine receptor ligands with partial agonistic, antagonistic or partial inverse agonistic properties in precipitating withdrawal in squirrel monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Female; Flunitrazepam; GABA Antagonists; GABA | 1995 |
Flunitrazepam and nordiazepam slowly released from silastic capsules induce physical dependence in rat.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidotes; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diaze | 1995 |
Precipitated withdrawal in squirrel monkeys after repeated daily oral administration of alprazolam, diazepam, flunitrazepam or oxazepam.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alprazolam; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 1995 |
Binding characteristics of [3H]flunitrazepam in pentobarbital-withdrawal rats.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Ventricles; Chlorides; Cholic Acids; Flunitrazepam; Frontal Lobe; I | 1994 |
Autoradiographical study of types 1 and 2 of benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain after chronic ethanol treatment and its withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Ethanol; Flunitrazepam; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Radioligand | 1995 |
Study of the mechanisms involved in behavioral changes induced by flunitrazepam in morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flunitrazepam; Male; Mice; Mice, | 1995 |
Acute confusion in a chronic benzodiazepine patient. Withdrawal-related nonconvulsive status epilepticus misdiagnosed as acute intoxication.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Confusion; Diagnostic Errors; Drug Overdose; Flunitraz | 1995 |
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome seizures.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Female; Flunitrazepam; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedative | 1995 |
Glutamate and benzodiazepine receptor autoradiography in rat brain after repetition of alcohol dependence.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Dizocilpine Maleate; Down-Regulation; Ethanol; Excitato | 1996 |
Diazepam physical dependence and withdrawal in rats is associated with alteration in GABAA receptor function.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Cerebral Cortex; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Fluni | 1996 |
Examination of the dependence potential of chloral hydrate by oral administration to normal monkeys.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Chloral Hydrate; Flunitrazepam; Hypnotics and Se | 1996 |
Normal electrophysiological and behavioral responses to ethanol in mice lacking the long splice variant of the gamma2 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor.
Topics: Alternative Splicing; Animals; Anxiety; Brain; Cell Membrane; Chimera; Crosses, Genetic; Ethanol; Ex | 1999 |
Neocortical hyperexcitability after GABA withdrawal in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Flunitrazepam; GABA Agonists; GABA Modulators; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Muscimol; Neocortex | 2000 |
Convulsive status epilepticus following abrupt high-dose benzodiazepine discontinuation.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Flunit | 2000 |
Acute benzodiazepine withdrawal delirium after a short course of flunitrazepam in an intensive care patient.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Critical Care; Flunitrazepam; Humans; Male; Substance With | 2000 |
Behavioral effects of flunitrazepam: reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects in rhesus monkeys and prevention of withdrawal signs in pentobarbital-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Discrimination Learning; Female; Flunitrazepam; GABA | 2001 |
Rebound insomnia. A potential hazard following withdrawal of certain benzodiazepines.
Topics: Acute Disease; Benzodiazepines; Flunitrazepam; Half-Life; Humans; Nitrazepam; Sleep Initiation and M | 1979 |
Rebound insomnia: a new clinical syndrome.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Brain; Flunitrazepam; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Nitrazepam; Receptors, Drug; | 1978 |
Changes in benzodiazepine-receptor activity modify morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Flumazenil; Flunitrazepam; Ma | 1992 |
Modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor-operated chloride channels by benzodiazepine inverse agonists is related to genetic differences in ethanol withdrawal seizure severity.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Carbolines; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Convulsants; Ethanol; Flunitraze | 1991 |
[3H]-flunitrazepam binding after morphine treatment and under abstinence syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Flunitrazepam; Hippocampus; Male; Morphine; Organ Specificity; Pyra | 1991 |
Modulation of benzodiazepine agonist and inverse-agonist receptor binding by GABA during ethanol withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Benzodiazepines; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Ethanol; | 1991 |
A comparison of the physical dependence inducing properties of flunitrazepam and diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Blood Proteins; Brain Chemistry; Diazepam; Dogs; Dose-Response Relations | 1991 |
Benzodiazepine agonist and inverse agonist actions on GABAA receptor-operated chloride channels. II. Chronic effects of ethanol.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Carbolines; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Convulsants; Etha | 1990 |
Long-term diazepam treatment produces changes in cholecystokinin receptor binding in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Chemistry; Cholecystokinin; Diazepam; Exploratory Behavior; Flunitr | 1990 |
Ro 16-6028: a novel anxiolytic acting as a partial agonist at the benzodiazepine receptor.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepinones; Cats; Conflict, | 1988 |
Differences in GABA activity between ethanol withdrawal seizure prone and resistant mice.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Brain; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Con | 1988 |
Comparative study in mice of flunitrazepam vs. diazepam on morphine withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Flunitrazepam; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Morp | 1988 |