flumazenil has been researched along with Drug Withdrawal Symptoms in 171 studies
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.
flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil has reduced, increased or not affected hostility and aggression in animal and human studies." | 9.14 | Reduction of aggression during benzodiazepine withdrawal: effects of flumazenil. ( Borg, S; Hiltunen, AJ; Saxon, L, 2010) |
| "The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil reduces anxiety-like behavior and sensitization of anxiety-like behavior in various models of ethanol withdrawal in rodents." | 7.74 | The amygdala regulates the antianxiety sensitization effect of flumazenil during repeated chronic ethanol or repeated stress. ( Angel, RA; Breese, GR; Knapp, DJ; Navarro, M; Overstreet, DH, 2007) |
| " For patients being treated for alcohol withdrawal, flumazenil can diagnose and treat benzodiazepine delirium without precipitating serious or life-threatening adverse events." | 5.40 | Safety and efficacy of flumazenil for reversal of iatrogenic benzodiazepine-associated delirium toxicity during treatment of alcohol withdrawal, a retrospective review at one center. ( Adkins, AR; Burkhart, KK; Donovan, JW; Haggerty, DA; Hieger, MA; Moore, PW; Rasimas, JJ; Waskin, JA; Wert, Y, 2014) |
| " The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil has reduced, increased or not affected hostility and aggression in animal and human studies." | 5.14 | Reduction of aggression during benzodiazepine withdrawal: effects of flumazenil. ( Borg, S; Hiltunen, AJ; Saxon, L, 2010) |
| "Benzodiazepine withdrawal, spontaneous or precipitated by the receptor antagonist, flumazenil, produces anxiety that can be measured in animal models." | 4.78 | The benzodiazepines: anxiolytic and withdrawal effects. ( Little, HJ, 1991) |
| "The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil reduces anxiety-like behavior and sensitization of anxiety-like behavior in various models of ethanol withdrawal in rodents." | 3.74 | The amygdala regulates the antianxiety sensitization effect of flumazenil during repeated chronic ethanol or repeated stress. ( Angel, RA; Breese, GR; Knapp, DJ; Navarro, M; Overstreet, DH, 2007) |
| "Pretreatment with R121919 attenuated the subsequent HPA axis activation, behavioral measures of anxiety, and expression of the CRF gene in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, as measured by CRF heteronuclear RNA, which occurs after flumazenil-precipitation of withdrawal from the BZ, lorazepam." | 3.74 | The CRF1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuates the neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of precipitated lorazepam withdrawal. ( Gutman, DA; Nemeroff, CB; Owens, MJ; Skelton, KH; Thrivikraman, KV, 2007) |
| ") in mice chronically treated with temazepam or diazepam induced the appearance of withdrawal signs: clonic seizures, tonic convulsions and death episodes." | 3.73 | Influence of adenosine receptor agonists on benzodiazepine withdrawal signs in mice. ( Fidecka, S; Listos, J; Malec, D, 2005) |
| " In a prospective trial in dogs with newly diagnosed epilepsy, ELB 138 markedly reduced seizure frequency and severity without significant difference to standard treatments (phenobarbital or primidone) but was much better tolerated than the standard drugs." | 3.72 | Anticonvulsant efficacy of the low-affinity partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist ELB 138 in a dog seizure model and in epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurrent seizures. ( Löscher, W; Potschka, H; Rieck, S; Rundfeldt, C; Tipold, A, 2004) |
| " In BDZ-dependent animals the BDZ-receptor antagonist flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) reverses the increased anxiety and decreased seizure threshold seen when benzodiazepine treatment is withdrawn." | 3.68 | A theory of benzodiazepine dependence that can explain whether flumazenil will enhance or reverse the phenomena. ( File, SE; Hitchcott, PK, 1990) |
| "Self-reported withdrawal symptoms and psychological state and anxiety sequelae were collected at baseline and then at intervals to 5 days following initiation of subcutaneous flumazenil infusion." | 2.78 | Withdrawal and psychological sequelae, and patient satisfaction associated with subcutaneous flumazenil infusion for the management of benzodiazepine withdrawal: a case series. ( Bennett, K; Hood, S; Hulse, G; Morris, N; Norman, A; O'Neil, G, 2013) |
| "Self-reported physical withdrawal symptoms were recorded daily." | 2.77 | High dose benzodiazepine dependence: description of 29 patients treated with flumazenil infusion and stabilised with clonazepam. ( Des Jarlais, DC; Gerra, G; Lugoboni, F; Mathewson, S; Pattaro, C; Quaglio, G; Verbanck, P, 2012) |
| "Improved treatment of alcohol dependence is a high priority, including defining subtypes that might respond differently." | 2.74 | Efficacy of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence: relationship to alcohol withdrawal symptoms. ( Anton, RF; Baros, AM; Latham, PK; Malcolm, R; Myrick, H; Randall, PK; Stewart, SH; Waid, R; Wright, TM, 2009) |
| "The estimated annual prevalence of drug use disorders is as high as 3%, underpinning the need to continually develop more effective treatments." | 2.72 | Pharmacological uses of flumazenil in benzodiazepine use disorders: a systematic review of limited data. ( Gallo, AT; Hulse, G, 2021) |
| " Group B patients (20) were treated by tapering of oxazepam dosage (from 120 mg) and with saline solution (as placebo) instead of FLU for 8 days." | 2.70 | Intravenous flumazenil versus oxazepam tapering in the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. ( Brewer, C; Gerra, G; Giusti, F; Moi, G; Zaimovic, A, 2002) |
| "Inability to cope with withdrawal symptoms may lead to continued consumption of benzodiazepines, often with the development of tolerance and dose escalation as a consequence." | 2.70 | Gender-related differences in response to placebo in benzodiazepine withdrawal: a single-blind pilot study. ( Borg, S; Hiltunen, AJ; Hjemdahl, P; Saxon, L, 2001) |
| "The aim of this study is to determine whether long-term use (5-20 years) of therapeutic doses of diazepam (5-20 mg/day) in anxious patients (n = 28) is associated with tolerance to its psychomotor and cognitive effects." | 2.67 | Differential acute psychomotor and cognitive effects of diazepam on long-term benzodiazepine users. ( Bernik, MA; Gorenstein, C; Pompéia, S, 1994) |
| "It then appeared to ameliorate withdrawal symptoms, quite markedly in 2 patients." | 2.67 | Flumazenil in alcohol withdrawal. ( Bailey, J; Coupland, N; Glue, P; Groves, S; Nutt, D; Wilson, S, 1993) |
| "Flumazenil did not precipitate withdrawal symptoms in subjects who received a single administration of lorazepam." | 2.67 | Intravenous flumazenil following acute and repeated exposure to lorazepam in healthy volunteers: antagonism and precipitated withdrawal. ( Evans, SM; Furman, WR; Griffiths, RR; Guarino, JJ; Liebson, I; Roache, JD; Schwam, EM, 1993) |
| "Depression was noted especially in the FNZ group after both injections of Ro 15-1788." | 2.66 | [Benzodiazepine antagonism by RO 15-1788: psychometric, hormonal and biophysical parameters]. ( Dorow, R; Duka, T; Noderer, J, 1988) |
| " After long-term use it is often difficult to discontinue benzodiazepines due to psychological and physiological dependence." | 2.58 | Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users. ( Baandrup, L; Ebdrup, BH; Glenthøj, BY; Gluud, C; Lindschou, J; Rasmussen, JØ, 2018) |
| "Flumazenil treatment can improve with - drawal symptoms and leads to higher abstinence rates." | 2.52 | The problems of long-term treatment with benzodiazepines and related substances. ( Hoffmann, K; Janhsen, K; Roser, P, 2015) |
| "It is often associated with significant withdrawal symptoms and craving leading to patient drop out and return to use." | 2.50 | Benzodiazepine dependence and its treatment with low dose flumazenil. ( Hince, DA; Hood, SD; Hulse, GK; Melichar, JK; Norman, A, 2014) |
| " The limitations in their use both as choice of therapy and with respect to conservative dosage and duration of use are highlighted." | 2.47 | Benzodiazepines revisited--will we ever learn? ( Lader, M, 2011) |
| " Thus, benzodiazepine agonists on long-term use lose their efficacy, antagonists become partial inverse antagonists, and inverse agonists increase in efficacy." | 2.39 | Biological processes in benzodiazepine dependence. ( Lader, M, 1994) |
| " Administered orally, it has a low bioavailability and the preferred route is intravenous." | 2.39 | Pharmacology of flumazenil. ( Amrein, R; Whitwam, JG, 1995) |
| " Chronic administration of agonists leads to tolerance and withdrawal, and produces a global shift in benzodiazepine receptor function with attenuation of agonist and enhancement of inverse agonist actions." | 2.38 | Pharmacological mechanisms of benzodiazepine withdrawal. ( Nutt, DJ, 1990) |
| " Since 2003, 1281 patients have been detoxified from long-term use of high doses of BDZ using FLU-SI." | 1.62 | High-dose benzodiazepine dependence among health-care professionals: A neglected phenomenon. ( Lugoboni, F; Morbioli, L, 2021) |
| " For patients being treated for alcohol withdrawal, flumazenil can diagnose and treat benzodiazepine delirium without precipitating serious or life-threatening adverse events." | 1.40 | Safety and efficacy of flumazenil for reversal of iatrogenic benzodiazepine-associated delirium toxicity during treatment of alcohol withdrawal, a retrospective review at one center. ( Adkins, AR; Burkhart, KK; Donovan, JW; Haggerty, DA; Hieger, MA; Moore, PW; Rasimas, JJ; Waskin, JA; Wert, Y, 2014) |
| "Carisoprodol is a muscle relaxant that acts at the GABA(A) receptor." | 1.38 | Carisoprodol tolerance and precipitated withdrawal. ( Carbonaro, T; Forster, MJ; Gatch, MB; Nguyen, JD, 2012) |
| "In this context, the focal seizures probably result from a diffuse decrease in the seizure threshold (caused by a generalized excitatory rebound), which may trigger focal seizures arising from cortical regions with higher intrinsic epileptogenicity." | 1.38 | Focal nonconvulsive seizures during detoxification for benzodiazepine abuse. ( Albiero, A; Bongiovanni, LG; Brigo, F; Casari, R; Faccini, M; Fiaschi, A; Lugoboni, F; Quaglio, G; Storti, M, 2012) |
| "Withdrawal symptoms were tracked, however, the nature and severity of these symptoms differed between patients." | 1.35 | The role of flumazenil in the treatment of benzodiazepine dependence: physiological and psychological profiles. ( Hood, S; Hulse, G; O'Neil, G, 2009) |
| "Withdrawal symptoms were noted 24 hr after the last injection of diazepam or morphine." | 1.34 | Effect of withdrawal of diazepam or morphine treatment on gastric motility (charcoal meal test) in mice: possible role of different central and peripheral receptors. ( Dhir, A; Kaushal, A; Kulkarni, SK, 2007) |
| "Men with alcohol dependence (n = 27) and a matched healthy comparison group (n = 15)." | 1.33 | Cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptors in recovery from alcohol dependence: relationship to features of alcohol dependence and cigarette smoking. ( Baldwin, R; Frohlich, E; Gottschalk, C; Gueorguieva, R; Innis, RB; Jatlow, P; Krystal, JH; O'Malley, S; Perry, E; Petrakis, IL; Ruff, E; Seibyl, JP; Staley, JK; van Dyck, CH; Verhoeff, NP; Weinzimmer, D, 2005) |
| " GBL dosing was initiated at 100 mg/kg/day and then progressively increased stepwise by increments of 100 mg/kg to a final dose of 600 mg/kg." | 1.33 | Chronic intragastric administration of gamma-butyrolactone produces physical dependence in baboons. ( Brown, PR; Froestl, W; Gibson, KM; Goodwin, AK; Griffiths, RR; Jakobs, C; Weerts, EM, 2006) |
| "Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and seizures, but with the potential for abuse." | 1.33 | Acetylcholine in the accumbens is decreased by diazepam and increased by benzodiazepine withdrawal: a possible mechanism for dependency. ( Hoebel, BG; Rada, P, 2005) |
| " Development of physical dependence during chronic dosing with 0." | 1.32 | Physical dependence in baboons chronically treated with low and high doses of diazepam. ( Griffiths, RR; Kaminski, BJ; Lamb, RJ; Sannerud, CA; Weerts, EM, 2003) |
| "Abecarnil is a non-benzodiazepine that possesses anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties." | 1.31 | Long-term abecarnil administration produces tolerance and withdrawal signs in the rat. ( Elliot, EE; White, JM, 2000) |
| "When PK 11195 was administered weekly (5 weeks), rather than daily, tolerance did not develop in either sex." | 1.31 | The pharmacodynamics of PK 11195 in diazepam-dependent male and female rats. ( Holtman, JR; Jing, X; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 2000) |
| "Withdrawal from the neurosteroid 3alpha,5alpha-allopregnanolone after chronic administration of progesterone increases anxiety in female rats and up-regulates the alpha4 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)-R) in the hippocampus." | 1.31 | Progesterone withdrawal increases the alpha4 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor in male rats in association with anxiety and altered pharmacology - a comparison with female rats. ( Gong, QH; Gulinello, M; Smith, SS, 2002) |
| " Observation sessions were conducted 1 hr after dosing on days 1, 10, 12 and 14 of each dose condition and after termination of drug dosing." | 1.30 | Zolpidem physical dependence assessed across increasing doses under a once-daily dosing regimen in baboons. ( Ator, NA; Grech, DM; Griffiths, RR; Weerts, EM, 1998) |
| " FLU evoked dose-related tonic-clonic and clonic convulsions (five out of six rats), whereas PK (10 mg/kg) induced convulsions in only one rat (out of five); tachypnea tended to increase with the dose of both FLU and PK; twitches and jerks, backing and writhing had a significant regression on the dose of FLU; rearing tended to decrease with the dose of PK whereas FLU-evoked head bobbing and PK-evoked twitches and jerks had inverse U-shaped dose-response curves." | 1.30 | Comparison of abstinence syndromes precipitated by flumazenil and PK 11195 in female diazepam-dependent rats. ( Jing, X; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1997) |
| " A few subjects taking higher chronic benzodiazepine dosages experienced breakthrough anxiety or withdrawal symptoms, which were well managed by dosing flumazenil immediately before the anesthetic agent and by immediate posttreatment benzodiazepine administration." | 1.30 | The use of flumazenil in the anxious and benzodiazepine-dependent ECT patient. ( Krystal, AD; Lindahl, V; Moore, S; Steffens, DC; Watts, BV; Weiner, RD, 1998) |
| "Tolerance developed by day 10, and hyperalgesia was seen 12 hr after removal of ethanol." | 1.30 | Effects of benzodiazepines on acute and chronic ethanol-induced nociception in rats. ( Gatch, MB, 1999) |
| " ND and parent OX have similar pharmacokinetic profiles." | 1.29 | Pharmacokinetics of nordiazepam in physical dependence and precipitated abstinence in dogs. ( Martin, WR; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1993) |
| " Repeated treatment with diazepam produced tolerance to its anticonvulsant activities as indicated by shifts of the dose-response curves by a factor of 3-5." | 1.29 | Repeated treatment with alpidem, a new anxiolytic, does not induce tolerance or physical dependence. ( Morel, E; Perrault, G; Sanger, DJ; Zivkovic, B, 1993) |
| "These results suggest that withdrawal convulsions following acute ethanol, pentobarbital, and diazepam are sensitive to modulation by corticosterone and they support the hypothesis that stress may increase drug withdrawal severity." | 1.29 | Corticosterone increases severity of acute withdrawal from ethanol, pentobarbital, and diazepam in mice. ( Crabbe, JC; Keith, LD; Roberts, AJ, 1994) |
| " Three tests were used in which the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil was administered to rats receiving chronic administration of chlordiazepoxide." | 1.29 | Conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of ondansetron in benzodiazepine withdrawal. ( Emmett-Oglesby, MW; Hooper, ML; Lal, H; Lane, JD; Lytle, DA; Prather, PL; Rezazadeh, SM; Rowan, GA, 1993) |
| "That bretazenil did not produce acute physical dependence supports the findings of others (20,23) who report that chronic administration of bretazenil does not result in physical dependence." | 1.29 | Chlordiazepoxide, but not bretazenil, produces acute dependence, as evidenced by disruptions in schedule-controlled behavior. ( Bronson, ME, 1994) |
| "Physical dependence was produced in the rat by exposure to continuous release of diazepam from silastic capsule implants (recrystallized diazepam) or by dosing through a gastric fistula." | 1.29 | Precipitated abstinence in the diazepam-dependent rat. ( Martin, WR; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1993) |
| "Diazepam and abecarnil were administered at doses which, based on previous experiments on anticonvulsant activity, resulted in about equieffective drug concentrations during treatment." | 1.28 | Withdrawal precipitation by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists in dogs chronically treated with diazepam or the novel anxiolytic and anticonvulsant beta-carboline abecarnil. ( Hönack, D; Löscher, W, 1992) |
| " Using a cumulative dosing procedure, PTZ substituted for PTZ, and MDZ, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam (DZP) substituted for MDZ, in a dose-dependent manner." | 1.28 | Tolerance, cross-tolerance and withdrawal in rats made dependent on diazepam. ( Boone, MS; Emmett-Oglesby, MW; Pugh, SL, 1992) |
| "Dogs dosed chronically (4-7 weeks) with oral flunitrazepam (7." | 1.28 | A comparison of the physical dependence inducing properties of flunitrazepam and diazepam. ( Martin, WR; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1991) |
| " During chronic administration of clobazam, 10 mg/kg 3 times daily, marked tolerance developed to the anticonvulsant and adverse (ataxiogenic and sedative) effects of the benzodiazepine." | 1.28 | Development of tolerance to clobazam in fully kindled rats: effects of intermittent flumazenil administration. ( Löscher, W; Rundfeldt, C, 1990) |
| "When diazepam was used as the dependence-producing drug, a 2." | 1.28 | Ethanol and diazepam withdrawal convulsions are extensively codetermined in WSP and WSR mice. ( Belknap, JK; Crabbe, JC; Laursen, SE, 1989) |
| "This flumazenil treatment produced a slight attenuation in the degree of tolerance to midazolam on day 6, suggesting that receptor sensitivity to the benzodiazepine agonist may have partially reset." | 1.28 | Behavioral differentiation of benzodiazepine ligands after repeated administration in baboons. ( Cook, JM; Griffiths, RR; Sannerud, CA, 1989) |
| "Buspirone was ineffective." | 1.28 | The effects of ondansetron (GR38032F) in rats and mice treated subchronically with diazepam. ( Costall, B; Jones, BJ; Kelly, ME; Naylor, RJ; Oakley, NR; Onaivi, ES; Tyers, MB, 1989) |
| "Lorazepam-treated baboons displayed precipitated withdrawal signs following the administration of Ro 15-1788 (5 mg/kg), and displayed mild to moderate spontaneous withdrawal signs following termination of drug treatment." | 1.27 | Precipitated and spontaneous withdrawal in baboons after chronic dosing with lorazepam and CGS 9896. ( Griffiths, RR; Lamb, RJ, 1984) |
| "When clonazepam was finally withdrawn, a self-limiting abstinence syndrome was observed in all dogs, consisting of behavioral alterations (listlessness, wet dog shakes, dorsal recumbency), tremor, a severe clonic-tonic seizure in 1 case, hyperthermia, and weight loss." | 1.27 | Physical dependence on clonazepam in dogs. ( Frey, HH; Scherkl, R, 1986) |
| "CGS-8216, a benzodiazepine antagonist, was administered to rats acutely dosed with diazepam, and to rats chronically dosed with diazepam or pentobarbital." | 1.27 | Benzodiazepine antagonist, CGS-8216, in diazepam- or pentobarbital-dependent and non-dependent rats. ( Martin, WR; McNicholas, LF, 1986) |
| "Buspirone-treated rats gain weight during withdrawal, suggesting that this novel anxiolytic should lack dependence liability in man." | 1.27 | Lack of withdrawal signs of dependence following cessation of treatment or Ro-15,1788 administration to rats chronically treated with buspirone. ( Eison, MS, 1986) |
| " Flumazenil caused dose-related increases in the NPAS scores of both diazepam- and nordiazepam-dependent dogs; the slopes of the two dose-response lines were not different." | 1.27 | Precipitation of abstinence in nordiazepam- and diazepam-dependent dogs. ( Martin, WR; McNicholas, LF; Sloan, JW; Wala, E, 1988) |
| "All of the mice exhibited clear-cut withdrawal symptoms (i." | 1.27 | A simple and rapid method of inducing physical dependence with benzodiazepines in mice. ( Malick, JB; Patel, JB; Rinarelli, CA, 1988) |
| " The Before Group was affected, and although complete tolerance to work-rate decrements developed rapidly to chronic dosing (3." | 1.27 | Midazolam and discriminative motor control: chronic administration, withdrawal and modulation by the antagonist Ro 15-1788. ( Falk, JL; Lau, CE; Tang, M, 1988) |
| " In a separate experiment, Ro 15-1788 produced a PTZ-like stimulus when given at 2-day intervals during chronic administration of DZP." | 1.27 | Withdrawal from diazepam substitutes for the discriminative stimulus properties of pentylenetetrazol. ( Emmett-Oglesby, MW; Harris, CM; Idemudia, SO; Lal, H; Mathis, DA, 1988) |
| "No alleviation of convulsions was found with Ro 15-1788." | 1.27 | The benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788 does not decrease ethanol withdrawal convulsions in rats. ( Cowen, PJ; Little, HJ; Nutt, DJ; Taylor, SC, 1985) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 41 (23.98) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 68 (39.77) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 36 (21.05) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 22 (12.87) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (2.34) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| MacDonald, T | 2 |
| Gallo, AT | 3 |
| Basso-Hulse, G | 2 |
| Bennett, KS | 1 |
| Hulse, GK | 3 |
| Hulse, G | 3 |
| Morbioli, L | 2 |
| Lugoboni, F | 4 |
| Baandrup, L | 1 |
| Ebdrup, BH | 1 |
| Rasmussen, JØ | 1 |
| Lindschou, J | 1 |
| Gluud, C | 1 |
| Glenthøj, BY | 1 |
| Nelson, LS | 1 |
| Moore, PW | 2 |
| Donovan, JW | 2 |
| Burkhart, KK | 1 |
| Waskin, JA | 1 |
| Hieger, MA | 2 |
| Adkins, AR | 1 |
| Wert, Y | 1 |
| Haggerty, DA | 1 |
| Rasimas, JJ | 1 |
| Papp, M | 1 |
| Gruca, P | 1 |
| Lason-Tyburkiewicz, M | 1 |
| Litwa, E | 1 |
| Willner, P | 1 |
| Lucyk, S | 1 |
| von Schweinitz, BA | 1 |
| Hoffman, RS | 1 |
| Cosgrove, KP | 2 |
| McKay, R | 1 |
| Esterlis, I | 2 |
| Kloczynski, T | 1 |
| Perkins, E | 1 |
| Bois, F | 2 |
| Pittman, B | 1 |
| Lancaster, J | 1 |
| Glahn, DC | 1 |
| O'Malley, S | 2 |
| Carson, RE | 1 |
| Krystal, JH | 2 |
| Janhsen, K | 1 |
| Roser, P | 1 |
| Hoffmann, K | 1 |
| Faccini, M | 2 |
| Leone, R | 1 |
| Opri, S | 1 |
| Casari, R | 2 |
| Resentera, C | 1 |
| Conforti, A | 1 |
| Puening, SE | 1 |
| Wilson, MP | 1 |
| Nordstrom, K | 1 |
| Wills, TA | 2 |
| Knapp, DJ | 10 |
| Overstreet, DH | 8 |
| Breese, GR | 11 |
| Aitta-Aho, T | 1 |
| Vekovischeva, OY | 1 |
| Neuvonen, PJ | 1 |
| Korpi, ER | 1 |
| Hood, S | 2 |
| O'Neil, G | 2 |
| Anton, RF | 3 |
| Myrick, H | 3 |
| Baros, AM | 2 |
| Latham, PK | 2 |
| Randall, PK | 3 |
| Wright, TM | 2 |
| Stewart, SH | 1 |
| Waid, R | 1 |
| Malcolm, R | 1 |
| Saxon, L | 3 |
| Borg, S | 3 |
| Hiltunen, AJ | 3 |
| Schacht, JP | 2 |
| Waid, LR | 1 |
| Lader, M | 3 |
| Gatch, MB | 3 |
| Nguyen, JD | 1 |
| Carbonaro, T | 1 |
| Forster, MJ | 1 |
| Albiero, A | 1 |
| Brigo, F | 1 |
| Quaglio, G | 2 |
| Storti, M | 1 |
| Fiaschi, A | 1 |
| Bongiovanni, LG | 1 |
| McKee, SA | 1 |
| Kirk, K | 1 |
| Lee, D | 1 |
| Stiklus, SM | 1 |
| Seibyl, JP | 2 |
| Krishnan-Sarin, S | 1 |
| O'Malley, SS | 1 |
| Staley, JK | 2 |
| Pattaro, C | 1 |
| Gerra, G | 3 |
| Mathewson, S | 1 |
| Verbanck, P | 1 |
| Des Jarlais, DC | 1 |
| Morris, N | 1 |
| Bennett, K | 1 |
| Norman, A | 2 |
| Hood, SD | 1 |
| Hince, DA | 1 |
| Melichar, JK | 1 |
| Divljaković, J | 1 |
| Milić, M | 1 |
| Namjoshi, OA | 1 |
| Tiruveedhula, VV | 1 |
| Timić, T | 1 |
| Cook, JM | 3 |
| Savić, MM | 1 |
| Li, X | 1 |
| Henderson, S | 1 |
| Okamoto, R | 1 |
| Itoh, Y | 1 |
| Murata, Y | 1 |
| Kobayashi, D | 1 |
| Hosoi, M | 1 |
| Mine, K | 1 |
| Gulinello, M | 1 |
| Gong, QH | 1 |
| Smith, SS | 1 |
| Allison, C | 1 |
| Claase, LA | 1 |
| Pratt, JA | 2 |
| McMahon, LR | 2 |
| Jerussi, TP | 1 |
| France, CP | 2 |
| Kaminski, BJ | 3 |
| Sannerud, CA | 4 |
| Weerts, EM | 6 |
| Lamb, RJ | 4 |
| Griffiths, RR | 18 |
| Zaimovic, A | 2 |
| Giusti, F | 1 |
| Moi, G | 1 |
| Brewer, C | 1 |
| Moy, SS | 3 |
| Mintzer, MZ | 2 |
| Löscher, W | 4 |
| Potschka, H | 1 |
| Rieck, S | 1 |
| Tipold, A | 1 |
| Rundfeldt, C | 2 |
| Rada, P | 1 |
| Hoebel, BG | 1 |
| Navarro, M | 3 |
| Gottschalk, C | 1 |
| Petrakis, IL | 1 |
| Gueorguieva, R | 1 |
| Baldwin, R | 1 |
| Jatlow, P | 1 |
| Verhoeff, NP | 1 |
| Perry, E | 1 |
| Weinzimmer, D | 1 |
| Frohlich, E | 1 |
| Ruff, E | 1 |
| van Dyck, CH | 1 |
| Innis, RB | 1 |
| Ator, NA | 4 |
| Atack, JR | 1 |
| Wafford, KA | 1 |
| Tye, SJ | 1 |
| Cook, SM | 1 |
| Sohal, B | 1 |
| Pike, A | 1 |
| Sur, C | 1 |
| Melillo, D | 1 |
| Bristow, L | 1 |
| Bromidge, F | 1 |
| Ragan, I | 1 |
| Kerby, J | 1 |
| Street, L | 1 |
| Carling, R | 1 |
| Castro, JL | 1 |
| Whiting, P | 1 |
| Dawson, GR | 1 |
| McKernan, RM | 1 |
| Listos, J | 1 |
| Malec, D | 1 |
| Fidecka, S | 1 |
| Goodwin, AK | 1 |
| Brown, PR | 1 |
| Froestl, W | 1 |
| Jakobs, C | 1 |
| Gibson, KM | 1 |
| Javors, MA | 1 |
| Skelton, KH | 1 |
| Gutman, DA | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exploring the Utility and Safety of Benzodiazepine Prescribing Among People Receiving Opiate Replacement Therapy in Scotland (the BENZORT Study).[NCT04622995] | 46,899 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2021-08-01 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Flumazenil on Hypoactive Delirium in the ICU: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study[NCT02899156] | Phase 4 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Terminated (stopped due to A planned interim analysis led to the trial being stopped early based on the observed size effect and power analysis.) | ||
| A Double Blind Evaluation of Flumazenil and Gabapentin for the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal and Relapse Prevention[NCT00262639] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Imaging Framework for Testing GABAergic/Glutamatergic Drugs in Bipolar Alcoholics[NCT03220776] | Phase 2 | 54 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-08-07 | Completed | ||
| Neurocognitive and Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Change Following Psychological[NCT03842670] | 140 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-11-14 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo- and Active Comparator-controlled, Crossover Trial to Examine the Effect of Multiple Doses of CVL-865 on Panic Symptoms Induced by Carbon Dioxide Inhalation in Healthy Subject[NCT04592536] | Phase 1 | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-10-06 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
average duration of time patient was randomized to each infusion up to 72 hours (NCT02899156)
Timeframe: up to 72 hours after the start of the infusion
| Intervention | hours (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Flumazenil Group | 54.8 |
| Placebo Group | 58.2 |
average maximum rate (ml/hr) during the 72 hours after study infusion (NCT02899156)
Timeframe: up to 72 hours after the start of the infusion
| Intervention | milliliters per hour (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Flumazenil Group | 5 |
| Placebo Group | 5.2 |
length of time that the patient was admitted to an intensive care unit service during the hospital stay (NCT02899156)
Timeframe: duration of admission to the intensive care unit
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Flumazenil Group | 7.8 |
| Placebo Group | 7 |
Defined by the number of days in the 14-day period after randomization that the patient was alive and not delirious (i.e. CAM-ICU negative). Zero delirium-free days will be observed for patients that die within the 14-day period. (NCT02899156)
Timeframe: up to 14 days after randomization
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Flumazenil Group | 12.7 |
| Placebo Group | 9.2 |
number of days within the first 28 days after enrollment that the patient was free from needing mechanical ventilation (NCT02899156)
Timeframe: up to 28 days after randomization
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Flumazenil Group | 23.6 |
| Placebo Group | 24.9 |
defined by the proportion of patients who were delirium free at 14 days after randomization (NCT02899156)
Timeframe: up to 14 days after randomization
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Flumazenil Group | 9 |
| Placebo Group | 7 |
number of times that a RASS score of + 2 to +4 occurred that did not resolve with decreasing study infusion (NCT02899156)
Timeframe: up to 72 hours after the start of the infusion
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Flumazenil Group | 0 |
| Placebo Group | 0 |
percent days abstinent during treatment (NCT00262639)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 to 6
| Intervention | percent days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Low CIWA Flumazenil/Gabapentin | 70.8 |
| Low CIWAar Placebo | 86.1 |
| High CIWAar Placebo | 75.9 |
| High CIWAar Flumazenil/Gabapentin | 95.9 |
percent of subjects completely abstinent during the six week medication study study (NCT00262639)
Timeframe: 6 week trial
| Intervention | percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Low CIWA Flumazenil/Gabapentin | 44 |
| Low CIWAar Placebo | 19 |
| High CIWAar Placebo | 33 |
| High CIWAar Flumazenil/Gabapentin | 71 |
Concentrations of GABA+, referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (i.e., MEGA-PRESS). (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition
| Intervention | mmol/kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 3.90 |
| Gabapentin | 3.93 |
| Placebo Oral Tablet | 3.73 |
Concentrations of Glx (i.e., glutamate + glutamine), referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition
| Intervention | mmol/kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 21.59 |
| Gabapentin | 21.69 |
| Placebo Oral Tablet | 22.25 |
14 reviews available for flumazenil and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Pharmacological uses of flumazenil in benzodiazepine use disorders: a systematic review of limited data.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Substan | 2021 |
Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Aspartic Acid; Benzodiazepines; Buspirone; Carbamazepine; Ethylamines; | 2018 |
The problems of long-term treatment with benzodiazepines and related substances.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Flumazenil; Germany; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Substance Wit | 2015 |
Benzodiazepines revisited--will we ever learn?
Topics: Accidents; Age Factors; Antidotes; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Cognition; Drug Prescriptions | 2011 |
Benzodiazepine dependence and its treatment with low dose flumazenil.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Humans; Hypnotics and Se | 2014 |
[Drug dependence syndrome as a side effect of medical drug use].
Topics: Central Nervous System Agents; Clonidine; Flumazenil; Humans; Naloxone; Psychotherapy, Group; Self-H | 2007 |
Biological processes in benzodiazepine dependence.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Brain; Flumazenil; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, GABA-A; | 1994 |
Pharmacology of flumazenil.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Benzodiazepines; Biological Availability; Flum | 1995 |
Reversal of conscious sedation by flumazenil: current status and future prospects.
Topics: Anxiety; Benzodiazepines; Conscious Sedation; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Humans; Hypnotics and Sed | 1995 |
Drug discrimination used to study drug withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Discrimination Learning; Flumazenil; Pentylenetetrazole; Substance Withdr | 1991 |
Chronic benzodiazepine administration: from the patient to the gene.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Clonazepam; Down-Regulation; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Human | 1991 |
The benzodiazepines: anxiolytic and withdrawal effects.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Carbolines; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanol; Flumaz | 1991 |
Pharmacological mechanisms of benzodiazepine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Arousal; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Humans; Receptors, GABA-A; | 1990 |
Time course for development of benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Flurazepam; H | 1985 |
18 trials available for flumazenil and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A double-blind randomised crossover trial of low-dose flumazenil for benzodiazepine withdrawal: A proof of concept.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Cross-Over Studies; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Flumazenil; GABA-A Receptor Anta | 2022 |
Outcomes of patients treated with low-dose flumazenil for benzodiazepine detoxification: A description of 26 participants.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2022 |
Efficacy of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence: relationship to alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Doub | 2009 |
Efficacy of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence: relationship to alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Doub | 2009 |
Efficacy of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence: relationship to alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Doub | 2009 |
Efficacy of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in the treatment of alcohol dependence: relationship to alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Doub | 2009 |
Reduction of aggression during benzodiazepine withdrawal: effects of flumazenil.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Benzodiazepines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flumazenil; Hostility; | 2010 |
Neurocognitive performance, alcohol withdrawal, and effects of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in alcohol dependence.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Cognition; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Therapy, C | 2011 |
Neurocognitive performance, alcohol withdrawal, and effects of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in alcohol dependence.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Cognition; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Therapy, C | 2011 |
Neurocognitive performance, alcohol withdrawal, and effects of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in alcohol dependence.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Cognition; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Therapy, C | 2011 |
Neurocognitive performance, alcohol withdrawal, and effects of a combination of flumazenil and gabapentin in alcohol dependence.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Cognition; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Therapy, C | 2011 |
High dose benzodiazepine dependence: description of 29 patients treated with flumazenil infusion and stabilised with clonazepam.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Benzodiazepines; Clonazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Flumaz | 2012 |
Withdrawal and psychological sequelae, and patient satisfaction associated with subcutaneous flumazenil infusion for the management of benzodiazepine withdrawal: a case series.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Infusions, Subcutaneous | 2013 |
Effects of a GABA-ergic medication combination and initial alcohol withdrawal severity on cue-elicited brain activation among treatment-seeking alcoholics.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amines; Brain; Cues; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Therapy, | 2013 |
Intravenous flumazenil versus oxazepam tapering in the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidotes; Benzodiazepines; Blood Pressure; Cognition Disorders; Diagnos | 2002 |
Flumazenil-precipitated withdrawal in healthy volunteers following repeated diazepam exposure.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Pressure; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Admini | 2005 |
Flumazenil in alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Double-Blind Method; Ethanol; Female; Flumazenil; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Human | 1993 |
Differential acute psychomotor and cognitive effects of diazepam on long-term benzodiazepine users.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cognition; Depressive Disorder; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 1994 |
Intravenous flumazenil following acute and repeated exposure to lorazepam in healthy volunteers: antagonism and precipitated withdrawal.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Drug Interactions; Flumazenil; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lor | 1993 |
Intravenous flumazenil following prolonged exposure to lormetazepam in humans: lack of precipitated withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Double-Blind Method; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Human | 1996 |
Effects of flumazenil in the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal--a double-blind pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Femal | 1997 |
A controlled study of flumazenil-precipitated withdrawal in chronic low-dose benzodiazepine users.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Double-Bli | 1999 |
Gender-related differences in response to placebo in benzodiazepine withdrawal: a single-blind pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Blood Pressure; Drug Tolerance; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Hea | 2001 |
[Benzodiazepine antagonism by RO 15-1788: psychometric, hormonal and biophysical parameters].
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Depression; Flumazenil; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Prolactin | 1988 |
139 other studies available for flumazenil and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
High-dose benzodiazepine dependence among health-care professionals: A neglected phenomenon.
Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Female; Flumazenil; Health Personnel; Health Workforce; Humans; Italy; Male; | 2021 |
Alcohol withdrawal and flumazenil: not for the faint of heart.
Topics: Alcohol Deterrents; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures; Antidotes; Delirium; D | 2014 |
Safety and efficacy of flumazenil for reversal of iatrogenic benzodiazepine-associated delirium toxicity during treatment of alcohol withdrawal, a retrospective review at one center.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Alcohol Withdrawal | 2014 |
Effects of chronic mild stress on the development of drug dependence in rats.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Citalopram; Depressive Disorder; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Flumaze | 2014 |
In response to: safety and efficacy of flumazenil for reversal of iatrogenic benzodiazepine-associated delirium toxicity during treatment of alcohol withdrawal, a retrospective review at one center.
Topics: Alcoholism; Antidotes; Benzodiazepines; Delirium; Flumazenil; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Substan | 2014 |
The toxicologist and delirium: flumazenil as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for delirium during the course of alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Delirium; Flumazenil; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2014 |
Tobacco smoking interferes with GABAA receptor neuroadaptations during prolonged alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Craving; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Iodine Rad | 2014 |
Slow subcutaneous infusion of flumazenil for the treatment of long-term, high-dose benzodiazepine users: a review of 214 cases.
Topics: Adult; Antidotes; Benzodiazepines; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Infusions, Subcutaneous; Male; Middle | 2016 |
Psychiatric Emergencies for Clinicians: Emergency Department Management of Benzodiazepine Withdrawal.
Topics: Aged; Benzodiazepines; Emergency Service, Hospital; Emergency Services, Psychiatric; Female; Flumaze | 2017 |
Sensitization, duration, and pharmacological blockade of anxiety-like behavior following repeated ethanol withdrawal in adolescent and adult rats.
Topics: Aging; Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Anxiety; Buspirone; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; F | 2009 |
Reduced benzodiazepine tolerance, but increased flumazenil-precipitated withdrawal in AMPA-receptor GluR-A subunit-deficient mice.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Mass | 2009 |
The role of flumazenil in the treatment of benzodiazepine dependence: physiological and psychological profiles.
Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Female; Flumaz | 2009 |
Carisoprodol tolerance and precipitated withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Bemegride; Carisoprodol; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 2012 |
Focal nonconvulsive seizures during detoxification for benzodiazepine abuse.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Humans; Infusions, Int | 2012 |
Sex-specific differences in GABA(A) -benzodiazepine receptor availability: relationship with sensitivity to pain and tobacco smoking craving.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators | 2013 |
βCCT, an antagonist selective for α(1)GABA(A) receptors, reverses diazepam withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Carbolines; Diazepam; Flumazenil; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Hypnotics and Sedat | 2013 |
Reduction of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors during development of benzodiazepine dependence.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Cerebral Cortex; Dopamine; Flumazenil; GAB | 2013 |
Progesterone withdrawal increases the alpha4 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor in male rats in association with anxiety and altered pharmacology - a comparison with female rats.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Blotting, Western; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Hippocampus; Lorazepam; Ma | 2002 |
Diazepam withdrawal-induced anxiety and place aversion in the rat: differential effects of two chronic diazepam treatment regimes.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Conditioning, Operant; Diazepam; Flumazen | 2002 |
Stereoselective discriminative stimulus effects of zopiclone in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Azabicyclo Compounds; Diazepam; Discrimination L | 2003 |
Physical dependence in baboons chronically treated with low and high doses of diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; Male; Papio; Substance Withdrawal S | 2003 |
SB242084, flumazenil, and CRA1000 block ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Aminopyridines; Animals; Anxiety; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Indoles; Male; Pyridines; P | 2004 |
Anticonvulsant efficacy of the low-affinity partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist ELB 138 in a dog seizure model and in epileptic dogs with spontaneously recurrent seizures.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Bromides; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dru | 2004 |
Acetylcholine in the accumbens is decreased by diazepam and increased by benzodiazepine withdrawal: a possible mechanism for dependency.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relatio | 2005 |
Prior multiple ethanol withdrawals enhance stress-induced anxiety-like behavior: inhibition by CRF1- and benzodiazepine-receptor antagonists and a 5-HT1a-receptor agonist.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Buspirone; Central Ne | 2005 |
Pharmacological modulation of repeated ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior differs in alcohol-preferring P and Sprague-Dawley rats.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Anxiety; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Indoles; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Pyr | 2005 |
Cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine receptors in recovery from alcohol dependence: relationship to features of alcohol dependence and cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Cerebral Cortex; Comorbidity; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; | 2005 |
Comparison of the behavioral effects of bretazenil and flumazenil in triazolam-dependent and non-dependent baboons.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepinones; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Flumazenil; | 2005 |
TPA023 [7-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine], an agonist selective for alpha2- and alpha3-containing GABAA receptors, is a nonsedating anxiolytic in rodents and primates.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; A | 2006 |
Influence of adenosine receptor agonists on benzodiazepine withdrawal signs in mice.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Benzodi | 2005 |
Tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of ethanol during ethanol withdrawal.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Central Nervous System Depr | 2006 |
Chronic intragastric administration of gamma-butyrolactone produces physical dependence in baboons.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Catheters, Indwelling; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Respo | 2006 |
Changes in relative potency among positive GABA(A) receptor modulators upon discontinuation of chronic benzodiazepine treatment in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relatio | 2007 |
The CRF1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuates the neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of precipitated lorazepam withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Flumazenil; Gene Expression; Hypnotics and | 2007 |
Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonists.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2007 |
Baclofen blocks expression and sensitization of anxiety-like behavior in an animal model of repeated stress and ethanol withdrawal.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Anxiety; Baclofen; Body Weight; Central Nervous System Depressants; Diet; | 2007 |
Flumazenil selectively prevents the increase in alpha(4)-subunit gene expression and an associated change in GABA(A) receptor function induced by ethanol withdrawal.
Topics: Acetamides; Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anticonvulsants; C | 2007 |
Repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokine treatments sensitize ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antidotes; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cytokines; Disease | 2008 |
Drug challenges reveal differences in mediation of stress facilitation of voluntary alcohol drinking and withdrawal-induced anxiety in alcohol-preferring P rats.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Aminopyridines; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiaz | 2007 |
Effect of withdrawal of diazepam or morphine treatment on gastric motility (charcoal meal test) in mice: possible role of different central and peripheral receptors.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Central Nervous System; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diazepam | 2007 |
The amygdala regulates the antianxiety sensitization effect of flumazenil during repeated chronic ethanol or repeated stress.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Amygdala; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Disease Mod | 2007 |
Precipitated withdrawal by a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (Ro 15-1788) after 7 days of diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Humans; Male; Papio; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, G | 1982 |
Anxiogenic aspects of diazepam withdrawal can be detected in animals.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Flumazenil; Humans; Male; Pe | 1983 |
Precipitated diazepam withdrawal in baboons: effects of dose and duration of diazepam exposure.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; | 1984 |
Bioassay of subjective effects associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal in animals: a novel direction in dependence research.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Biological Assay; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Diazepam; Discrimina | 1984 |
Precipitated and spontaneous withdrawal in baboons after chronic dosing with lorazepam and CGS 9896.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Flumazenil; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Papio; Pyrazoles; Substance Withdra | 1984 |
Use of the specific benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, in studies of physiological dependence on benzodiazepines.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Cats; Diazepam; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Lorazepam; | 1982 |
An antagonist-induced benzodiazepine abstinence syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Cats; Flumazenil; Flurazepam; Humans; Substance Withdra | 1982 |
The effect of a benzodiazepine antagonist, RO15-1788, in diazepam dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flu | 1982 |
Flunitrazepam and nordiazepam slowly released from silastic capsules induce physical dependence in rat.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidotes; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diaze | 1995 |
Precipitated withdrawal in squirrel monkeys after repeated daily oral administration of alprazolam, diazepam, flunitrazepam or oxazepam.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alprazolam; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 1995 |
Gastrointestinal effects of diazepam-withdrawal are linked to activation of central cholecystokinin-ergic pathways in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Brain; Cholecystokinin; Devazepide; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Gastrointestin | 1994 |
Effects of flumazenil on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Flumazenil; | 1995 |
Use of flumazenil in conjunction with electroconvulsive therapy.
Topics: Adult; Clonazepam; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Subst | 1995 |
Different location of benzodiazepine sites involved in gut and behavioral effects of benzodiazepine withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Capsaicin; Diazepam; Digestive System; Flumazenil; G | 1994 |
Corticosterone increases severity of acute withdrawal from ethanol, pentobarbital, and diazepam in mice.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Corticosterone; Diazepam; Ethanol; Female; Flumazenil; Handling, Psycholo | 1994 |
Gender differences in diazepam withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Castration; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Estrogens; Female; Flumazenil; I | 1994 |
Repeated treatment with alpidem, a new anxiolytic, does not induce tolerance or physical dependence.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Bicuculline; Carbolines; Convulsants; Diazepam; Drug | 1993 |
[Tetraplegia after colonoscopy: benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome induced by flumazenil?].
Topics: Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Colonoscopy; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Quadriplegia; Substance Withdraw | 1993 |
Abecarnil used to treat benzodiazepine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Carbolines; Chlordiazepoxide; Cues; Discrimination Learning; Flumazeni | 1993 |
Chlordiazepoxide, but not bretazenil, produces acute dependence, as evidenced by disruptions in schedule-controlled behavior.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Chlordiazepoxide; Conditioning, Operant; Flumazenil; Male; Rats; Reinfor | 1994 |
Conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of ondansetron in benzodiazepine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Chlordiazepoxide; Conditioning, Psychological; Discrimination Learning | 1993 |
Behavioral pharmacology of tandospirone in baboons: chronic administration and withdrawal, self-injection and drug discrimination.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Arousal; Buspirone; Cocaine; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Re | 1993 |
Flumazenil induces localised increases in glucose utilization during diazepam withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Chemistry; Carbolines; Densitometry; Deoxyglucose; Diazepam; Flumaze | 1993 |
Similar effects of ethanol and flumazenil on acquisition of a shuttle-box avoidance response during withdrawal from chronic ethanol treatment.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Azides; Benzodiazepines; Chlordiazepoxide; Conflict, Psychological; Dos | 1993 |
Precipitated abstinence in the diazepam-dependent rat.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Implants; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Flumazeni | 1993 |
Reversal of midazolam sedation.
Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Conscious Sedation; Critical Care; Flumazenil; Humans; Midazolam; Substance | 1993 |
Pharmacokinetics of nordiazepam in physical dependence and precipitated abstinence in dogs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Proteins; Diazepam; Dogs; Female; Flumazenil; Hydrolysis; Injec | 1993 |
Effect of the chronic dose of diazepam on the intensity and characteristics of the precipitated abstinence syndrome in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flumazenil; Substance Withdrawal | 1993 |
Diazepam physical dependence and withdrawal in rats is associated with alteration in GABAA receptor function.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Cerebral Cortex; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Fluni | 1996 |
Progesterone modulation of diazepam withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diazepam; Estradiol; Estrus; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Mice | 1996 |
Flumazenil blockade of anxiety following ethanol withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Benzodiazepines; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Ethanol; Fl | 1997 |
Dorsal raphe and substantia nigra response to flumazenil in diazepam-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; M | 1997 |
Comparison of abstinence syndromes precipitated by flumazenil and PK 11195 in female diazepam-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Central Nervous System; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr | 1997 |
Stable low-rate midazolam self-injection with concurrent physical dependence under conditions of long-term continuous availability in baboons.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Feeding Behavior; Flumazenil; Male; Midazolam; Papio; Self Administrat | 1998 |
Zolpidem physical dependence assessed across increasing doses under a once-daily dosing regimen in baboons.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Papio; Pyridi | 1998 |
The use of flumazenil in the anxious and benzodiazepine-dependent ECT patient.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive | 1998 |
Diazepam-treated female rats: flumazenil- and PK 11195-induced withdrawal in the hippocampus CA1.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Body Weight; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroenceph | 1998 |
Zolpidem self-injection with concurrent physical dependence under conditions of long-term continuous availability in baboons.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Flumazenil; Food; GABA Modulators; Hypnotics and Sedatives; | 1998 |
Lack of sex differences in anxiety behaviors during precipitated benzodiazepine withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Corticosterone; Diazepam; Estradiol; Female; Flumazenil; GABA | 1999 |
Substantia nigra: the involvement of central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in physical dependence on diazepam as evidenced by behavioral and EEG effects.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Central Nervous System; Diaze | 1999 |
Effects of benzodiazepines on acute and chronic ethanol-induced nociception in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Flumazenil; GABA | 1999 |
Precipitated withdrawal in the substantia nigra in diazepam-dependent female rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Body Weight; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Female; Flumazenil; GAB | 1999 |
Long-term abecarnil administration produces tolerance and withdrawal signs in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Body Temperature; Carbolines; Drug Tolerance; Electro | 2000 |
The pharmacodynamics of PK 11195 in diazepam-dependent male and female rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Body Weight; Brain; Diazepam; Female; Flumazeni | 2000 |
Enhanced ultrasonic vocalization and Fos protein expression following ethanol withdrawal: effects of flumazenil.
Topics: Animals; Carbolines; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Male; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-D | 2000 |
Increase in expression of the GABA(A) receptor alpha(4) subunit gene induced by withdrawal of, but not by long-term treatment with, benzodiazepine full or partial agonists.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chloride | 2001 |
Changes in benzodiazepine-receptor activity modify morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Flumazenil; Flunitrazepam; Ma | 1992 |
Withdrawal precipitation by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists in dogs chronically treated with diazepam or the novel anxiolytic and anticonvulsant beta-carboline abecarnil.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Carbolines; Diazepam; Dogs; Female; | 1992 |
Evaluation of anxiolytic action of ondansetron in rats during withdrawal from chronic chlordiazepoxide.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Chlordiazepoxide; Flumazenil; Imidazoles; Learning; Male; Ondansetron; | 1992 |
Tolerance, cross-tolerance and withdrawal in rats made dependent on diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug | 1992 |
Oral self-administration of triazolam, diazepam and ethanol in the baboon: drug reinforcement and benzodiazepine physical dependence.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Diazepam; Drinking Behavior; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Food; Half-Life; M | 1992 |
Effects of nitrendipine, chlordiazepoxide, flumazenil and baclofen on the increased anxiety resulting from alcohol withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Baclofen; Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Interpersonal Relations | 1992 |
Chronic benzodiazepine administration. VII. Behavioral tolerance and withdrawal and receptor alterations associated with clonazepam administration.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cereb | 1991 |
Midazolam withdrawal and discriminative motor control: effects of FG 7142 and Ro 15-1788.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Carbolines; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 1991 |
Behavioral effects of benzodiazepine ligands in non-dependent, diazepam-dependent and diazepam-withdrawn baboons.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Carbolines; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 1991 |
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Buspirone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; Humans; Neurologic Exa | 1991 |
Chronic administration of and dependence on halazepam, diazepam, and nordiazepam in the dog.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Brain; Diaze | 1991 |
Flumazenil (Ro15-1788) does not affect ethanol tolerance and dependence.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Diet; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Hand | 1991 |
A comparison of the physical dependence inducing properties of flunitrazepam and diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Blood Proteins; Brain Chemistry; Diazepam; Dogs; Dose-Response Relations | 1991 |
Rapid transition from methadone maintenance to naltrexone.
Topics: Flumazenil; Humans; Methadone; Midazolam; Naltrexone; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1990 |
A theory of benzodiazepine dependence that can explain whether flumazenil will enhance or reverse the phenomena.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Male; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndro | 1990 |
Precipitated abstinence in orally dosed benzodiazepine-dependent dogs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationsh | 1990 |
The ability of chlordiazepoxide to maintain ethanol tolerance and dependence.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Chlordiazepoxide; Diet; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Flumazenil; | 1991 |
Partial cross-dependence on ethanol in mice dependent on chlordiazepoxide.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Generalization, Stimulus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C | 1990 |
Dependence-producing properties of alprazolam in the dog.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alprazolam; Animals; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flumazeni | 1990 |
Development of tolerance to clobazam in fully kindled rats: effects of intermittent flumazenil administration.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; | 1990 |
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome after a benzodiazepine antagonist.
Topics: Adolescent; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Diazepam; Drug Overdose; Flumazenil; Humans; Injections, Intrav | 1990 |
Flumazenil prevents the development of chlordiazepoxide withdrawal in rats tested in the social interaction test of anxiety.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Chlordiazepoxide; Flumazenil; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; | 1989 |
Ethanol and diazepam withdrawal convulsions are extensively codetermined in WSP and WSR mice.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal S | 1989 |
Flumazenil but not nitrendipine reverses the increased anxiety during ethanol withdrawal in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Male; Nitrendipine; Rats; Substance Withdra | 1989 |
A liquid diet model of chlordiazepoxide dependence in mice.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Drinking; Flumazenil; Male; Mice; Mice, Inb | 1989 |
Withdrawal from benzodiazepine dependence as a discriminative stimulus.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Cocaine; Discrimination Learning; Flumazenil; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats; S | 1989 |
Physical dependence on diazepam in the dog: precipitation of different abstinence syndromes by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonists Ro 15-1788 and ZK 93426.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Carbolines; Diazepam; Dogs; Female; Flumazenil; Nord | 1989 |
Behavioral differentiation of benzodiazepine ligands after repeated administration in baboons.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Carbolines; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Injections, | 1989 |
The effects of ondansetron (GR38032F) in rats and mice treated subchronically with diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Avoidance Learning; Buspirone; Darkness; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Imidazo | 1989 |
The abstinence syndrome in diazepam-dependent cats is precipitated by Ro 15-1788 and Ro 15-4513 but not by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist ZK 93426.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Benzodiazepines; Carbolines; Cats; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Receptors, GABA-A; Substan | 1988 |
Reversal of increased anxiety during benzodiazepine withdrawal: evidence for an anxiogenic endogenous ligand for the benzodiazepine receptor.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Chlordiazepoxide; Flumazenil; Male; Rats; Receptors, GABA-A; Sub | 1988 |
Effects of repeated RO 15-1788 administration in benzodiazepine-dependent baboons.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepinones; Convulsants; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; | 1985 |
Flumazenil: a possible treatment for benzodiazepine withdrawal anxiety.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Benzodiazepines; Chlordiazepoxide; Flumazenil; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1987 |
Flumazenil and benzodiazepine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Benzodiazepines; Flumazenil; Lorazepam; Male; Mice; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Re | 1987 |
A beta-carboline antagonizes benzodiazepine actions but does not precipitate the abstinence syndrome in cats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepinones; Brain; Carbolines; Cats; Diazepam; Electroencephalogra | 1985 |
A late-appearing benzodiazepine-induced hypoactivity that is not reversed by a receptor antagonist.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Brain; Drug Interactions; Flumazenil; Lorazepam; Male; Motor Activity; R | 1986 |
The benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 does not antagonize the ethanol withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Arousal; Benzodiazepinones; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethanol; Flumazenil | 1986 |
Physical dependence on clonazepam in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Clonazepam; Dogs; Female; Flumazenil; Mal | 1986 |
Benzodiazepine antagonist, CGS-8216, in diazepam- or pentobarbital-dependent and non-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Arousal; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flumazenil; Pentobarbital; Pyr | 1986 |
Pharmacologic characterization of acute chlordiazepoxide dependence in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chlordiazepoxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Dr | 1986 |
Periodic benzodiazepine antagonist administration prevents benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms in primates.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Diazepam; Drug Administration Schedule; Flumazenil; Macaca m | 1986 |
Lack of withdrawal signs of dependence following cessation of treatment or Ro-15,1788 administration to rats chronically treated with buspirone.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Buspirone; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Food Deprivation; Male; Pyrimidines; Rats; Ra | 1986 |
Effects of Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 in diazepam-dependent baboons.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; Male; Papio; Pyrazoles; Substance W | 1987 |
Ethanol and chlordiazepoxide cross-dependence.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Flumazenil; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Substance Withdra | 1987 |
Enhancement of a diazepam withdrawal symptom by bicuculline and yohimbine.
Topics: Animals; Bicuculline; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Respons | 1987 |
Precipitation of abstinence in nordiazepam- and diazepam-dependent dogs.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Diazepam; Dogs; Flumazenil; Nordazepam; Oxazepam; Pyrazoles; Seizures | 1988 |
A simple and rapid method of inducing physical dependence with benzodiazepines in mice.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 1988 |
Midazolam and discriminative motor control: chronic administration, withdrawal and modulation by the antagonist Ro 15-1788.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Flumazenil; Mal | 1988 |
Withdrawal from diazepam substitutes for the discriminative stimulus properties of pentylenetetrazol.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Disease Models, Animal; Flumazenil; Male; Pentylenetetra | 1988 |
Precipitated diazepam withdrawal elevates noradrenergic metabolism in primate brain.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepinones; Brain; Chlorocebus aethiops; Diazepam; Female; Flumaze | 1985 |
The benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788 does not decrease ethanol withdrawal convulsions in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Humans; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred S | 1985 |
Chlordiazepoxide enhances the anxiogenic action of CGS 8216 in the social interaction test: evidence for benzodiazepine withdrawal?
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Benzodiazepinones; Carbolines; Chlordiazepoxide; Flumazenil; Humans; Male; Pyrazol | 1985 |