flumazenil has been researched along with Chemical Dependence in 104 studies
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.
flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil has reduced, increased or not affected hostility and aggression in animal and human studies." | 9.14 | Reduction of aggression during benzodiazepine withdrawal: effects of flumazenil. ( Borg, S; Hiltunen, AJ; Saxon, L, 2010) |
| "We evaluated the occurrence of seizures in 450 consecutive high-dose BZD dependence patients admitted to our unit from April 2012 to April 2016 for detoxification with low-dose slow subcutaneous infusion of flumazenil associated with routine anticonvulsant prophylaxis." | 5.46 | Low risk of seizures with slow flumazenil infusion and routine anticonvulsant prophylaxis for high-dose benzodiazepine dependence. ( Bongiovanni, LG; Casari, R; Faccini, M; Federico, A; Franchini, E; Lugoboni, F; Morbioli, L; Tamburin, S, 2017) |
| " The benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil has reduced, increased or not affected hostility and aggression in animal and human studies." | 5.14 | Reduction of aggression during benzodiazepine withdrawal: effects of flumazenil. ( Borg, S; Hiltunen, AJ; Saxon, L, 2010) |
| "Pretreatment with R121919 attenuated the subsequent HPA axis activation, behavioral measures of anxiety, and expression of the CRF gene in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, as measured by CRF heteronuclear RNA, which occurs after flumazenil-precipitation of withdrawal from the BZ, lorazepam." | 3.74 | The CRF1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuates the neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of precipitated lorazepam withdrawal. ( Gutman, DA; Nemeroff, CB; Owens, MJ; Skelton, KH; Thrivikraman, KV, 2007) |
| " Flumazenil was efficient for leading out from coma in 86% of cases with poisoning only by benzodiazepines and 13% of cases with mixed intoxications mainly containing benzodiazepines and alcohol or carbamazepine." | 3.69 | [Suicidal poisoning with benzodiazepines]. ( Chodorowski, Z; Sein Anand, J, 1997) |
| " In BDZ-dependent animals the BDZ-receptor antagonist flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) reverses the increased anxiety and decreased seizure threshold seen when benzodiazepine treatment is withdrawn." | 3.68 | A theory of benzodiazepine dependence that can explain whether flumazenil will enhance or reverse the phenomena. ( File, SE; Hitchcott, PK, 1990) |
| "Self-reported physical withdrawal symptoms were recorded daily." | 2.77 | High dose benzodiazepine dependence: description of 29 patients treated with flumazenil infusion and stabilised with clonazepam. ( Des Jarlais, DC; Gerra, G; Lugoboni, F; Mathewson, S; Pattaro, C; Quaglio, G; Verbanck, P, 2012) |
| "The estimated annual prevalence of drug use disorders is as high as 3%, underpinning the need to continually develop more effective treatments." | 2.72 | Pharmacological uses of flumazenil in benzodiazepine use disorders: a systematic review of limited data. ( Gallo, AT; Hulse, G, 2021) |
| "The aim of this study is to determine whether long-term use (5-20 years) of therapeutic doses of diazepam (5-20 mg/day) in anxious patients (n = 28) is associated with tolerance to its psychomotor and cognitive effects." | 2.67 | Differential acute psychomotor and cognitive effects of diazepam on long-term benzodiazepine users. ( Bernik, MA; Gorenstein, C; Pompéia, S, 1994) |
| "Flumazenil treatment can improve with - drawal symptoms and leads to higher abstinence rates." | 2.52 | The problems of long-term treatment with benzodiazepines and related substances. ( Hoffmann, K; Janhsen, K; Roser, P, 2015) |
| "It is often associated with significant withdrawal symptoms and craving leading to patient drop out and return to use." | 2.50 | Benzodiazepine dependence and its treatment with low dose flumazenil. ( Hince, DA; Hood, SD; Hulse, GK; Melichar, JK; Norman, A, 2014) |
| " The limitations in their use both as choice of therapy and with respect to conservative dosage and duration of use are highlighted." | 2.47 | Benzodiazepines revisited--will we ever learn? ( Lader, M, 2011) |
| " Thus, benzodiazepine agonists on long-term use lose their efficacy, antagonists become partial inverse antagonists, and inverse agonists increase in efficacy." | 2.39 | Biological processes in benzodiazepine dependence. ( Lader, M, 1994) |
| " Since 2003, 1281 patients have been detoxified from long-term use of high doses of BDZ using FLU-SI." | 1.62 | High-dose benzodiazepine dependence among health-care professionals: A neglected phenomenon. ( Lugoboni, F; Morbioli, L, 2021) |
| "We evaluated the occurrence of seizures in 450 consecutive high-dose BZD dependence patients admitted to our unit from April 2012 to April 2016 for detoxification with low-dose slow subcutaneous infusion of flumazenil associated with routine anticonvulsant prophylaxis." | 1.46 | Low risk of seizures with slow flumazenil infusion and routine anticonvulsant prophylaxis for high-dose benzodiazepine dependence. ( Bongiovanni, LG; Casari, R; Faccini, M; Federico, A; Franchini, E; Lugoboni, F; Morbioli, L; Tamburin, S, 2017) |
| "In this context, the focal seizures probably result from a diffuse decrease in the seizure threshold (caused by a generalized excitatory rebound), which may trigger focal seizures arising from cortical regions with higher intrinsic epileptogenicity." | 1.38 | Focal nonconvulsive seizures during detoxification for benzodiazepine abuse. ( Albiero, A; Bongiovanni, LG; Brigo, F; Casari, R; Faccini, M; Fiaschi, A; Lugoboni, F; Quaglio, G; Storti, M, 2012) |
| "The objective was to assess substance use of Roma as compared with non-Roma adolescents." | 1.36 | Substance use in Roma and non-Roma adolescents. ( Bácskai, E; Czobor, P; Gerevich, J; Szabó, J, 2010) |
| "Withdrawal symptoms were tracked, however, the nature and severity of these symptoms differed between patients." | 1.35 | The role of flumazenil in the treatment of benzodiazepine dependence: physiological and psychological profiles. ( Hood, S; Hulse, G; O'Neil, G, 2009) |
| "Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and seizures, but with the potential for abuse." | 1.33 | Acetylcholine in the accumbens is decreased by diazepam and increased by benzodiazepine withdrawal: a possible mechanism for dependency. ( Hoebel, BG; Rada, P, 2005) |
| "Zolpidem is a hypnotic drug that is chemically distinct from benzodiazepines (BDZ)." | 1.33 | Dependence on zolpidem: two case reports of detoxification with flumazenil infusion. ( Fornasiero, A; Gerra, G; Lechi, A; Lugoboni, F; Mezzelani, P; Quaglio, G, 2005) |
| "Ramelteon did not produce benzodiazepine-like discriminative stimulus effects at doses up to 10 mg/kg." | 1.33 | Acute and chronic effects of ramelteon in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): dependence liability studies. ( Cruź, CM; France, CP; Koek, W; McMahon, LR; Weltman, RH, 2006) |
| "These data indicate that, like GHB, chronic GBL dosing produced physical dependence that likely involved the GABA-B receptor." | 1.33 | Chronic intragastric administration of gamma-butyrolactone produces physical dependence in baboons. ( Brown, PR; Froestl, W; Gibson, KM; Goodwin, AK; Griffiths, RR; Jakobs, C; Weerts, EM, 2006) |
| " Development of physical dependence during chronic dosing with 0." | 1.32 | Physical dependence in baboons chronically treated with low and high doses of diazepam. ( Griffiths, RR; Kaminski, BJ; Lamb, RJ; Sannerud, CA; Weerts, EM, 2003) |
| "When PK 11195 was administered weekly (5 weeks), rather than daily, tolerance did not develop in either sex." | 1.31 | The pharmacodynamics of PK 11195 in diazepam-dependent male and female rats. ( Holtman, JR; Jing, X; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 2000) |
| " A few subjects taking higher chronic benzodiazepine dosages experienced breakthrough anxiety or withdrawal symptoms, which were well managed by dosing flumazenil immediately before the anesthetic agent and by immediate posttreatment benzodiazepine administration." | 1.30 | The use of flumazenil in the anxious and benzodiazepine-dependent ECT patient. ( Krystal, AD; Lindahl, V; Moore, S; Steffens, DC; Watts, BV; Weiner, RD, 1998) |
| " FLU evoked dose-related tonic-clonic and clonic convulsions (five out of six rats), whereas PK (10 mg/kg) induced convulsions in only one rat (out of five); tachypnea tended to increase with the dose of both FLU and PK; twitches and jerks, backing and writhing had a significant regression on the dose of FLU; rearing tended to decrease with the dose of PK whereas FLU-evoked head bobbing and PK-evoked twitches and jerks had inverse U-shaped dose-response curves." | 1.30 | Comparison of abstinence syndromes precipitated by flumazenil and PK 11195 in female diazepam-dependent rats. ( Jing, X; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1997) |
| "The increase in drug addiction, AIDS, hepatitis C and B transmission is a problem the society faces with growing frequency, mainly due to syringes and other material used by seropositive patients being left in public place, with children being one of the groups being at greatest risk." | 1.30 | [Accidental contact with syringes used by intravenous drug users (IDU): a decade of study]. ( Gómez Campderá, J; González Sánchez, MI; Navarro Gómez, M; Rodríguez Fernández, R, 1998) |
| " ND and parent OX have similar pharmacokinetic profiles." | 1.29 | Pharmacokinetics of nordiazepam in physical dependence and precipitated abstinence in dogs. ( Martin, WR; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1993) |
| "Alpidem is a new anxiolytic of imidazopyridine structure which has a high affinity for the omega 1 (BZ1) modulatory site of the GABAA receptor." | 1.29 | Repeated treatment with alpidem, a new anxiolytic, does not induce tolerance or physical dependence. ( Morel, E; Perrault, G; Sanger, DJ; Zivkovic, B, 1993) |
| "That bretazenil did not produce acute physical dependence supports the findings of others (20,23) who report that chronic administration of bretazenil does not result in physical dependence." | 1.29 | Chlordiazepoxide, but not bretazenil, produces acute dependence, as evidenced by disruptions in schedule-controlled behavior. ( Bronson, ME, 1994) |
| "Physical dependence was produced in the rat by exposure to continuous release of diazepam from silastic capsule implants (recrystallized diazepam) or by dosing through a gastric fistula." | 1.29 | Precipitated abstinence in the diazepam-dependent rat. ( Martin, WR; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1993) |
| " Using a cumulative dosing procedure, PTZ substituted for PTZ, and MDZ, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam (DZP) substituted for MDZ, in a dose-dependent manner." | 1.28 | Tolerance, cross-tolerance and withdrawal in rats made dependent on diazepam. ( Boone, MS; Emmett-Oglesby, MW; Pugh, SL, 1992) |
| " 10%) and its bioavailability following oral administration is about 22%." | 1.28 | The effects of flumazenil-precipitated abstinence on the pharmacokinetics of chronic oxazepam in dogs. ( Martin, WR; Pruitt, TA; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1990) |
| "When diazepam was used as the dependence-producing drug, a 2." | 1.28 | Ethanol and diazepam withdrawal convulsions are extensively codetermined in WSP and WSR mice. ( Belknap, JK; Crabbe, JC; Laursen, SE, 1989) |
| "Dogs dosed chronically (4-7 weeks) with oral flunitrazepam (7." | 1.28 | A comparison of the physical dependence inducing properties of flunitrazepam and diazepam. ( Martin, WR; Sloan, JW; Wala, EP, 1991) |
| "Lorazepam-treated baboons displayed precipitated withdrawal signs following the administration of Ro 15-1788 (5 mg/kg), and displayed mild to moderate spontaneous withdrawal signs following termination of drug treatment." | 1.27 | Precipitated and spontaneous withdrawal in baboons after chronic dosing with lorazepam and CGS 9896. ( Griffiths, RR; Lamb, RJ, 1984) |
| "When clonazepam was finally withdrawn, a self-limiting abstinence syndrome was observed in all dogs, consisting of behavioral alterations (listlessness, wet dog shakes, dorsal recumbency), tremor, a severe clonic-tonic seizure in 1 case, hyperthermia, and weight loss." | 1.27 | Physical dependence on clonazepam in dogs. ( Frey, HH; Scherkl, R, 1986) |
| " Flumazenil caused dose-related increases in the NPAS scores of both diazepam- and nordiazepam-dependent dogs; the slopes of the two dose-response lines were not different." | 1.27 | Precipitation of abstinence in nordiazepam- and diazepam-dependent dogs. ( Martin, WR; McNicholas, LF; Sloan, JW; Wala, E, 1988) |
| "Physical dependence was rapidly induced in mice by administering diazepam intraperitoneally twice daily using an incremental dosing regimen (50 to 450 mg/kg) for nine consecutive days." | 1.27 | A simple and rapid method of inducing physical dependence with benzodiazepines in mice. ( Malick, JB; Patel, JB; Rinarelli, CA, 1988) |
| " In a separate experiment, Ro 15-1788 produced a PTZ-like stimulus when given at 2-day intervals during chronic administration of DZP." | 1.27 | Withdrawal from diazepam substitutes for the discriminative stimulus properties of pentylenetetrazol. ( Emmett-Oglesby, MW; Harris, CM; Idemudia, SO; Lal, H; Mathis, DA, 1988) |
| "CGS-8216, a benzodiazepine antagonist, was administered to rats acutely dosed with diazepam, and to rats chronically dosed with diazepam or pentobarbital." | 1.27 | Benzodiazepine antagonist, CGS-8216, in diazepam- or pentobarbital-dependent and non-dependent rats. ( Martin, WR; McNicholas, LF, 1986) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 24 (23.08) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 39 (37.50) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 19 (18.27) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 20 (19.23) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (1.92) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Gallo, AT | 1 |
| Hulse, G | 2 |
| Morbioli, L | 3 |
| Lugoboni, F | 9 |
| Tamburin, S | 1 |
| Faccini, M | 6 |
| Casari, R | 6 |
| Federico, A | 1 |
| Franchini, E | 1 |
| Bongiovanni, LG | 2 |
| Bäckberg, M | 1 |
| Pettersson Bergstrand, M | 1 |
| Beck, O | 1 |
| Helander, A | 1 |
| Papp, M | 1 |
| Gruca, P | 1 |
| Lason-Tyburkiewicz, M | 1 |
| Litwa, E | 1 |
| Willner, P | 1 |
| Janhsen, K | 1 |
| Roser, P | 1 |
| Hoffmann, K | 1 |
| Weaver, MF | 1 |
| Leone, R | 1 |
| Opri, S | 1 |
| Resentera, C | 1 |
| Conforti, A | 1 |
| Hood, S | 1 |
| O'Neil, G | 1 |
| Saxon, L | 1 |
| Borg, S | 1 |
| Hiltunen, AJ | 1 |
| Quaglio, GL | 1 |
| Albiero, A | 3 |
| Pajusco, B | 2 |
| Quaglio, G | 5 |
| Graubard, M | 1 |
| Rohdenberg, P | 1 |
| Jang, T | 1 |
| Lader, M | 2 |
| Brigo, F | 1 |
| Storti, M | 1 |
| Fiaschi, A | 1 |
| Pattaro, C | 1 |
| Gerra, G | 2 |
| Mathewson, S | 2 |
| Verbanck, P | 1 |
| Des Jarlais, DC | 1 |
| Vigneau, CV | 1 |
| Licata, M | 1 |
| Hood, SD | 1 |
| Norman, A | 1 |
| Hince, DA | 1 |
| Melichar, JK | 1 |
| Hulse, GK | 1 |
| Fischer, BD | 1 |
| Teixeira, LP | 1 |
| van Linn, ML | 1 |
| Namjoshi, OA | 1 |
| Cook, JM | 2 |
| Rowlett, JK | 1 |
| Okamoto, R | 1 |
| Itoh, Y | 1 |
| Murata, Y | 1 |
| Kobayashi, D | 1 |
| Hosoi, M | 1 |
| Mine, K | 1 |
| Kaminski, BJ | 3 |
| Sannerud, CA | 3 |
| Weerts, EM | 5 |
| Lamb, RJ | 4 |
| Griffiths, RR | 13 |
| Mintzer, MZ | 1 |
| Rada, P | 1 |
| Hoebel, BG | 1 |
| Fornasiero, A | 1 |
| Lechi, A | 1 |
| Mezzelani, P | 1 |
| Ator, NA | 3 |
| France, CP | 1 |
| Weltman, RH | 1 |
| Koek, W | 1 |
| Cruź, CM | 1 |
| McMahon, LR | 1 |
| Goodwin, AK | 1 |
| Brown, PR | 1 |
| Froestl, W | 1 |
| Jakobs, C | 1 |
| Gibson, KM | 1 |
| Skelton, KH | 1 |
| Gutman, DA | 1 |
| Thrivikraman, KV | 1 |
| Nemeroff, CB | 1 |
| Owens, MJ | 1 |
| Raffa, RB | 1 |
| Cavallo, F | 1 |
| Capasso, A | 1 |
| Urschel, HC | 1 |
| Hanselka, LL | 1 |
| Gromov, I | 1 |
| White, L | 1 |
| Baron, M | 1 |
| Ozaki, S | 1 |
| Mendelson, J | 1 |
| Rawson, R | 1 |
| Newton, T | 1 |
| Galloway, G | 1 |
| de Wit, H | 1 |
| Dewey, SL | 1 |
| Hart, CL | 1 |
| Epstein, DH | 1 |
| Haefely, W | 1 |
| Lukas, SE | 1 |
| Emmett-Oglesby, MW | 3 |
| Spencer, DG | 1 |
| Lewis, MW | 1 |
| Lal, H | 2 |
| Cumin, R | 1 |
| Bonetti, EP | 1 |
| Scherschlicht, R | 1 |
| Haefely, WE | 1 |
| McNicholas, LF | 3 |
| Martin, WR | 10 |
| Jing, X | 6 |
| Wala, EP | 11 |
| Sloan, JW | 14 |
| Martin, JR | 1 |
| Moreau, JL | 1 |
| Jenck, F | 1 |
| Berigan, TR | 1 |
| Harazin, J | 1 |
| Williams, HL | 1 |
| Gorenstein, C | 2 |
| Bernik, MA | 2 |
| Pompéia, S | 1 |
| Cohen, C | 1 |
| Sanger, DJ | 2 |
| Perrault, G | 1 |
| Morel, E | 1 |
| Zivkovic, B | 1 |
| Bronson, ME | 1 |
| Toki, S | 1 |
| Saito, T | 1 |
| Hatta, S | 1 |
| Takahata, N | 1 |
| Mariathasan, EA | 1 |
| Stolerman, IP | 1 |
| White, JA | 1 |
| Chodorowski, Z | 1 |
| Sein Anand, J | 1 |
| Krystal, AD | 1 |
| Watts, BV | 1 |
| Weiner, RD | 1 |
| Moore, S | 1 |
| Steffens, DC | 1 |
| Lindahl, V | 1 |
| Vieira Filho, AH | 1 |
| Holtman, JR | 2 |
| Easterling, KW | 1 |
| Plovnick, RM | 1 |
| Holtzman, SG | 1 |
| Follesa, P | 1 |
| Cagetti, E | 1 |
| Mancuso, L | 1 |
| Biggio, F | 1 |
| Manca, A | 1 |
| Maciocco, E | 1 |
| Massa, F | 1 |
| Desole, MS | 1 |
| Carta, M | 1 |
| Busonero, F | 1 |
| Sanna, E | 1 |
| Biggio, G | 1 |
| Pugh, SL | 1 |
| Boone, MS | 1 |
| Miller, LG | 1 |
| Vigorito, M | 1 |
| Lau, CE | 1 |
| Tang, M | 1 |
| Falk, JL | 1 |
| Allen, M | 1 |
| Wala, E | 3 |
| Dickey, KM | 1 |
| Chan, AW | 5 |
| Leong, FW | 4 |
| Schanley, DL | 4 |
| Langan, MC | 4 |
| Penetrante, F | 1 |
| File, SE | 1 |
| Hitchcott, PK | 1 |
| Löscher, W | 3 |
| Hönack, D | 2 |
| Scherkl, R | 2 |
| Hashem, A | 1 |
| Frey, HH | 2 |
| Penetrante, ML | 3 |
| Pruitt, TA | 1 |
| Belknap, JK | 1 |
| Crabbe, JC | 1 |
| Laursen, SE | 1 |
| Rundfeldt, C | 1 |
| Fassbender, CP | 1 |
| Rosenberg, HC | 2 |
| Chiu, TH | 2 |
| Whitwam, JG | 1 |
| Boisse, NR | 1 |
| Periana, RM | 1 |
| Guarino, JJ | 1 |
| Kruger, HS | 1 |
| Samoriski, GM | 1 |
| Knudsen, L | 1 |
| Lonka, L | 1 |
| Sørensen, BH | 1 |
| Kirkegaard, L | 1 |
| Jensen, OV | 1 |
| Jensen, S | 1 |
| Patel, JB | 1 |
| Rinarelli, CA | 1 |
| Malick, JB | 1 |
| Nutt, DJ | 1 |
| Costello, MJ | 1 |
| Mathis, DA | 1 |
| Harris, CM | 1 |
| Idemudia, SO | 1 |
| López, JA | 1 |
| García, RF | 1 |
| Martí, TS | 1 |
| Gyarmathy, VA | 1 |
| Ujhelyi, E | 1 |
| Neaigus, A | 1 |
| Kanapeckiene, V | 1 |
| Valinteliene, R | 1 |
| Berzanskyte, A | 1 |
| Kevalas, R | 1 |
| Supranowicz, P | 1 |
| Garcia de Cortazar, AR | 1 |
| Cabrera Leon, A | 1 |
| Hernan Garcia, M | 1 |
| Jimenez Nunez, JM | 1 |
| Gerevich, J | 1 |
| Bácskai, E | 1 |
| Czobor, P | 1 |
| Szabó, J | 1 |
| Važan, P | 1 |
| Khan, MR | 1 |
| Poduška, O | 1 |
| Stastná, L | 1 |
| Miovský, M | 1 |
| Jaques, AK | 1 |
| Arroja, I | 1 |
| Araújo, C | 1 |
| Azevedo, J | 1 |
| Borges, A | 1 |
| Santos, I | 1 |
| Cabral, A | 1 |
| Campos, MJ | 1 |
| Mansinho, K | 1 |
| Borges, F | 1 |
| Gómez Campderá, J | 1 |
| Rodríguez Fernández, R | 1 |
| Navarro Gómez, M | 1 |
| González Sánchez, MI | 1 |
10 reviews available for flumazenil and Chemical Dependence
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Pharmacological uses of flumazenil in benzodiazepine use disorders: a systematic review of limited data.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Substan | 2021 |
The problems of long-term treatment with benzodiazepines and related substances.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Flumazenil; Germany; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Substance Wit | 2015 |
Prescription Sedative Misuse and Abuse.
Topics: Antidotes; Combined Modality Therapy; Directive Counseling; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Flumaze | 2015 |
Benzodiazepines revisited--will we ever learn?
Topics: Accidents; Age Factors; Antidotes; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; Cognition; Drug Prescriptions | 2011 |
Benzodiazepine dependence and its treatment with low dose flumazenil.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Humans; Hypnotics and Se | 2014 |
[Drug dependence syndrome as a side effect of medical drug use].
Topics: Central Nervous System Agents; Clonidine; Flumazenil; Humans; Naloxone; Psychotherapy, Group; Self-H | 2007 |
Biological processes in benzodiazepine dependence.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Brain; Flumazenil; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, GABA-A; | 1994 |
Chronic benzodiazepine administration: from the patient to the gene.
Topics: Alprazolam; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Clonazepam; Down-Regulation; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Human | 1991 |
Time course for development of benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; Flurazepam; H | 1985 |
Flumazenil: a benzodiazepine antagonist.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Flumazenil; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders | 1988 |
6 trials available for flumazenil and Chemical Dependence
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Reduction of aggression during benzodiazepine withdrawal: effects of flumazenil.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Benzodiazepines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flumazenil; Hostility; | 2010 |
High dose benzodiazepine dependence: description of 29 patients treated with flumazenil infusion and stabilised with clonazepam.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Benzodiazepines; Clonazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Flumaz | 2012 |
Flumazenil-precipitated withdrawal in healthy volunteers following repeated diazepam exposure.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Pressure; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Admini | 2005 |
Differential acute psychomotor and cognitive effects of diazepam on long-term benzodiazepine users.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cognition; Depressive Disorder; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 1994 |
Stressful reactions and panic attacks induced by flumazenil in chronic benzodiazepine users.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Arousal; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulat | 1998 |
Benzodiazepine intoxication treated with flumazenil (Anexate, RO 15-1788).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzodiazepines; Coma; Drug Evaluation; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Male; M | 1988 |
88 other studies available for flumazenil and Chemical Dependence
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
High-dose benzodiazepine dependence among health-care professionals: A neglected phenomenon.
Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Female; Flumazenil; Health Personnel; Health Workforce; Humans; Italy; Male; | 2021 |
Low risk of seizures with slow flumazenil infusion and routine anticonvulsant prophylaxis for high-dose benzodiazepine dependence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Benzodiazepines; Female; Flumaze | 2017 |
Occurrence and time course of NPS benzodiazepines in Sweden - results from intoxication cases in the STRIDA project.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzodiazepines; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Designer Drugs; Emer | 2019 |
Effects of chronic mild stress on the development of drug dependence in rats.
Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Citalopram; Depressive Disorder; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Flumaze | 2014 |
Slow subcutaneous infusion of flumazenil for the treatment of long-term, high-dose benzodiazepine users: a review of 214 cases.
Topics: Adult; Antidotes; Benzodiazepines; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Infusions, Subcutaneous; Male; Middle | 2016 |
The role of flumazenil in the treatment of benzodiazepine dependence: physiological and psychological profiles.
Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Female; Flumaz | 2009 |
Intravenous flumazenil infusion to treat benzodiazepine dependence should be performed in the inpatient clinical setting for high risk of seizure.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Flumazenil; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Seizures; Substance-Related Disorders | 2011 |
Agonist substitution for high-dose benzodiazepine-dependent patients: let us not forget the importance of flumazenil.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders | 2011 |
Short answer question case series: the perils of urine toxicology testing.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Antidotes; Flumazenil; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Naloxone; N | 2011 |
Focal nonconvulsive seizures during detoxification for benzodiazepine abuse.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; Humans; Infusions, Int | 2012 |
Megadose bromazepam and zolpidem dependence: two case reports of treatment with flumazenil and valproate.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Bromazepam; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; H | 2012 |
Role of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor subtypes in acute benzodiazepine physical dependence-like effects: evidence from squirrel monkeys responding under a schedule of food presentation.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Chlordiazepoxide; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 2013 |
Reduction of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors during development of benzodiazepine dependence.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Cerebral Cortex; Dopamine; Flumazenil; GAB | 2013 |
Physical dependence in baboons chronically treated with low and high doses of diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; Male; Papio; Substance Withdrawal S | 2003 |
Acetylcholine in the accumbens is decreased by diazepam and increased by benzodiazepine withdrawal: a possible mechanism for dependency.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relatio | 2005 |
Dependence on zolpidem: two case reports of detoxification with flumazenil infusion.
Topics: Adult; Antidotes; Flumazenil; Half-Life; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusions, Intravenous; Ma | 2005 |
Comparison of the behavioral effects of bretazenil and flumazenil in triazolam-dependent and non-dependent baboons.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepinones; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Flumazenil; | 2005 |
Acute and chronic effects of ramelteon in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): dependence liability studies.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Conditioning, Classical; Condition | 2006 |
Chronic intragastric administration of gamma-butyrolactone produces physical dependence in baboons.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Catheters, Indwelling; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Respo | 2006 |
The CRF1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuates the neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of precipitated lorazepam withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Flumazenil; Gene Expression; Hypnotics and | 2007 |
Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonists.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2007 |
Open-label study of a proprietary treatment program targeting type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor dysregulation in methamphetamine dependence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amines; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Flumazenil; Gabapentin; gamma- | 2007 |
Treatment of methamphetamine dependence.
Topics: Antidotes; Dopamine Agents; Flumazenil; Humans; Methamphetamine; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatm | 2008 |
Antagonists of benzodiazepines: functional aspects.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepinones; Carbolines; Chlorides; Flumazenil; GABA Antagonists | 1983 |
Precipitated diazepam withdrawal in baboons: effects of dose and duration of diazepam exposure.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; | 1984 |
Bioassay of subjective effects associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal in animals: a novel direction in dependence research.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Biological Assay; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Diazepam; Discrimina | 1984 |
Precipitated and spontaneous withdrawal in baboons after chronic dosing with lorazepam and CGS 9896.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Flumazenil; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Papio; Pyrazoles; Substance Withdra | 1984 |
Use of the specific benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, in studies of physiological dependence on benzodiazepines.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Cats; Diazepam; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Lorazepam; | 1982 |
The effect of a benzodiazepine antagonist, RO15-1788, in diazepam dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flu | 1982 |
Flunitrazepam and nordiazepam slowly released from silastic capsules induce physical dependence in rat.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidotes; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diaze | 1995 |
Precipitated withdrawal in squirrel monkeys after repeated daily oral administration of alprazolam, diazepam, flunitrazepam or oxazepam.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alprazolam; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 1995 |
Use of flumazenil in conjunction with electroconvulsive therapy.
Topics: Adult; Clonazepam; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Flumazenil; Humans; Subst | 1995 |
Tolerance, cross-tolerance and dependence measured by operant responding in rats treated with triazolam via osmotic pumps.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Toleranc | 1994 |
Repeated treatment with alpidem, a new anxiolytic, does not induce tolerance or physical dependence.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Bicuculline; Carbolines; Convulsants; Diazepam; Drug | 1993 |
Chlordiazepoxide, but not bretazenil, produces acute dependence, as evidenced by disruptions in schedule-controlled behavior.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Chlordiazepoxide; Conditioning, Operant; Flumazenil; Male; Rats; Reinfor | 1994 |
Behavioral pharmacology of tandospirone in baboons: chronic administration and withdrawal, self-injection and drug discrimination.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Arousal; Buspirone; Cocaine; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Re | 1993 |
Precipitated abstinence in the diazepam-dependent rat.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Implants; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Flumazeni | 1993 |
Pharmacokinetics of nordiazepam in physical dependence and precipitated abstinence in dogs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Proteins; Diazepam; Dogs; Female; Flumazenil; Hydrolysis; Injec | 1993 |
Diazepam physical dependence and withdrawal in rats is associated with alteration in GABAA receptor function.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Cerebral Cortex; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Fluni | 1996 |
Antagonism of AND and AND-OR drug mixture discriminations in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Association Learning; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; | 1997 |
Dorsal raphe and substantia nigra response to flumazenil in diazepam-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Female; Flumazenil; GABA Modulators; M | 1997 |
[Suicidal poisoning with benzodiazepines].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Carbamazepine; Coma; Ethanol; Female; Flumazen | 1997 |
Comparison of abstinence syndromes precipitated by flumazenil and PK 11195 in female diazepam-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Central Nervous System; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr | 1997 |
Stable low-rate midazolam self-injection with concurrent physical dependence under conditions of long-term continuous availability in baboons.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Feeding Behavior; Flumazenil; Male; Midazolam; Papio; Self Administrat | 1998 |
The use of flumazenil in the anxious and benzodiazepine-dependent ECT patient.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Depressive Disorder; Electroconvulsive | 1998 |
Zolpidem self-injection with concurrent physical dependence under conditions of long-term continuous availability in baboons.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Flumazenil; Food; GABA Modulators; Hypnotics and Sedatives; | 1998 |
Substantia nigra: the involvement of central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in physical dependence on diazepam as evidenced by behavioral and EEG effects.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Central Nervous System; Diaze | 1999 |
Precipitated withdrawal in the substantia nigra in diazepam-dependent female rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Body Weight; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Female; Flumazenil; GAB | 1999 |
Acute opioid but not benzodiazepine dependence in rats responding for intracranial self-stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Brain; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; Male; Morph | 2000 |
The pharmacodynamics of PK 11195 in diazepam-dependent male and female rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Body Weight; Brain; Diazepam; Female; Flumazeni | 2000 |
Increase in expression of the GABA(A) receptor alpha(4) subunit gene induced by withdrawal of, but not by long-term treatment with, benzodiazepine full or partial agonists.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Chloride | 2001 |
Tolerance, cross-tolerance and withdrawal in rats made dependent on diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug | 1992 |
Oral self-administration of triazolam, diazepam and ethanol in the baboon: drug reinforcement and benzodiazepine physical dependence.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Diazepam; Drinking Behavior; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Food; Half-Life; M | 1992 |
Midazolam withdrawal and discriminative motor control: effects of FG 7142 and Ro 15-1788.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Carbolines; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 1991 |
Behavioral effects of benzodiazepine ligands in non-dependent, diazepam-dependent and diazepam-withdrawn baboons.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Carbolines; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 1991 |
Chronic administration of and dependence on halazepam, diazepam, and nordiazepam in the dog.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Brain; Diaze | 1991 |
Flumazenil (Ro15-1788) does not affect ethanol tolerance and dependence.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Diet; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Hand | 1991 |
A comparison of the physical dependence inducing properties of flunitrazepam and diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Blood Proteins; Brain Chemistry; Diazepam; Dogs; Dose-Response Relations | 1991 |
A theory of benzodiazepine dependence that can explain whether flumazenil will enhance or reverse the phenomena.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Male; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndro | 1990 |
Pharmacokinetics, anticonvulsant efficacy and adverse effects of the beta-carboline abecarnil, a novel ligand for benzodiazepine receptors, after acute and chronic administration in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Blood Pressure; Carbolines; Dogs; Female; Flumazenil; | 1990 |
Precipitated abstinence in orally dosed benzodiazepine-dependent dogs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationsh | 1990 |
The ability of chlordiazepoxide to maintain ethanol tolerance and dependence.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Chlordiazepoxide; Diet; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Flumazenil; | 1991 |
The effects of flumazenil-precipitated abstinence on the pharmacokinetics of chronic oxazepam in dogs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Dogs; Drug Interactions; Female; Flumazenil; | 1990 |
Partial cross-dependence on ethanol in mice dependent on chlordiazepoxide.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Generalization, Stimulus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C | 1990 |
Dependence-producing properties of alprazolam in the dog.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alprazolam; Animals; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flumazeni | 1990 |
Ethanol and diazepam withdrawal convulsions are extensively codetermined in WSP and WSR mice.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Ethanol; Flumazenil; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal S | 1989 |
A liquid diet model of chlordiazepoxide dependence in mice.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Drinking; Flumazenil; Male; Mice; Mice, Inb | 1989 |
Intermittent flumazenil and benzodiazepine tolerance: discouraging findings in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Flum | 1989 |
Physical dependence on diazepam in the dog: precipitation of different abstinence syndromes by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonists Ro 15-1788 and ZK 93426.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior, Animal; Carbolines; Diazepam; Dogs; Female; Flumazenil; Nord | 1989 |
Effects of repeated RO 15-1788 administration in benzodiazepine-dependent baboons.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepinones; Convulsants; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; | 1985 |
Physical dependence on clonazepam in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Clonazepam; Dogs; Female; Flumazenil; Mal | 1986 |
Benzodiazepine antagonist, CGS-8216, in diazepam- or pentobarbital-dependent and non-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Arousal; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Flumazenil; Pentobarbital; Pyr | 1986 |
Pharmacologic characterization of acute chlordiazepoxide dependence in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chlordiazepoxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Dr | 1986 |
Effects of Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 in diazepam-dependent baboons.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flumazenil; Male; Papio; Pyrazoles; Substance W | 1987 |
Ethanol and chlordiazepoxide cross-dependence.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Flumazenil; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Substance Withdra | 1987 |
Precipitation of abstinence in nordiazepam- and diazepam-dependent dogs.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Diazepam; Dogs; Flumazenil; Nordazepam; Oxazepam; Pyrazoles; Seizures | 1988 |
A simple and rapid method of inducing physical dependence with benzodiazepines in mice.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Flumazenil; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 1988 |
Rapid induction of lorazepam dependence and reversal with flumazenil.
Topics: Animals; Carbolines; Flumazenil; Lorazepam; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Substance-Re | 1988 |
Withdrawal from diazepam substitutes for the discriminative stimulus properties of pentylenetetrazol.
Topics: Animals; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Disease Models, Animal; Flumazenil; Male; Pentylenetetra | 1988 |
Blood pressure response to Ro15-1788, a benzodiazepine antagonist.
Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Blood Pressure; Cats; Convulsants; Diazepam; Drug Tolerance; Flumazenil; | 1985 |
Drugs and Mental Health Problems among the Roma: Protective Factors Promoted by the Iglesia Evangélica Filadelfia.
Topics: Adult; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Protective Factors; Pr | 2018 |
HIV and selected blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections in a predominantly Roma (Gypsy) neighbourhood in Budapest, Hungary: a rapid assessment.
Topics: Adult; Female; Hepatitis B; HIV Infections; Humans; Hungary; Male; Population Surveillance; Prevalen | 2008 |
Health of Roma children in Vilnius and Ventspils.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Alcohol Drinking; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Chronic Disease; Emotions | 2009 |
Attitudes of adolescent Spanish Roma toward noninjection drug use and risky sexual behavior.
Topics: Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Focus Groups; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HI | 2009 |
Substance use in Roma and non-Roma adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age Factors; Age of Onset; Alcoholic Intoxication; Female; Health S | 2010 |
Chronic toluene misuse among Roma youth in Eastern Slovakia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Inhalant Abuse; Interviews as Topic; Male; Roma; Slovakia; | 2011 |
[The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hypertrophic myocardiopathy and multivalvular infectious endocarditis. Apropos a clinical case].
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Aortic Valve; Card | 1995 |
[Accidental contact with syringes used by intravenous drug users (IDU): a decade of study].
Topics: Accidents; Adolescent; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis B; Humans; Male; Postoperative Pe | 1998 |