fluconazole and AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections studies

Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.
fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections: Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded study of subjects with HIV infection and oropharyngeal candidiasis compared efficacy of posaconazole with that of fluconazole."	9.12	A multicenter randomized trial evaluating posaconazole versus fluconazole for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in subjects with HIV/AIDS. ( Gogate, J; Greaves, W; Isaacs, R; Nieto, L; Northland, R; Sanne, I; Skiest, DJ; Vazquez, JA, 2006)
"We evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral posaconazole for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and/or esophageal candidiasis (EC) who were clinically refractory to treatment with oral fluconazole or itraconazole."	9.12	Posaconazole for the treatment of azole-refractory oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in subjects with HIV infection. ( Anstead, GM; Boparai, N; Graybill, JR; Hare, R; Isaacs, R; Reynes, J; Skiest, DJ; Vazquez, JA; Ward, D, 2007)
"A total of 245 patients (age, > or =18 years) with a prior diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and esophageal candidiasis, confirmed by endoscopy and culture, were randomized to receive micafungin (50, 100, or 150 mg per day) or fluconazole (200 mg per day)."	9.11	A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-response study of micafungin compared with fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. ( Baraldi, E; de Wet, N; Della Negra, M; Diekmann-Berndt, H; Krantz, EF; Llanos-Cuentas, A; Suleiman, J, 2004)
" The aim of this study has been to evaluate the role, therapeutic efficacy, and the cost-benefit ratio of two antifungal drugs, fluconazole and flucytosine, compared with a placebo, in the treatment of endoscopically-diagnosed esophageal candidiasis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)."	9.08	Fluconazole vs. flucytosine in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Barbarini, G; Barbaro, G; Di Lorenzo, G, 1995)
"Published opinion has generally favored amphotericin B over fluconazole as initial therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated cryptococcosis, although data that support this recommendation are limited."	9.08	Initial therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated cryptococcosis with fluconazole. ( Nightingale, SD, 1995)
"The aim of this study was to assess the role and therapeutic efficacy of two azole antifungal drugs, fluconazole and itraconazole, in the treatment of endoscopically-diagnosed Candida oesophagitis in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)."	9.08	Comparison of therapeutic activity of fluconazole and itraconazole in the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study. ( Barbaro, G; Di Lorenzo, G, 1995)
"Symptoms resolved in 100% of patients with AIDS and oesophageal candidiasis receiving an oral suspension of fluconazole, and 90% of patients had symptom resolution within 2 weeks."	9.08	Prospective study of fluconazole suspension for the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis in patients with AIDS. ( Laine, L; Rabeneck, L, 1995)
"The aim of this study was to assess the role and the therapeutic efficacy of 2 azole antifungal drugs, fluconazole and itraconazole, in the treatment of endoscopically diagnosed Candida esophagitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."	9.08	Fluconazole compared with itraconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study. ( Barbarini, G; Barbaro, G; Di Lorenzo, G, 1995)
"This study evaluated 2213 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients at first episode of esophageal candidiasis diagnosed by endoscopy; 1105 received fluconazole and 1108 received itraconazole."	9.08	Fluconazole versus itraconazole for candida esophagitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Candida Esophagitis. ( Alcini, P; Barbarini, G; Barbaro, G; Calderon, W; Di Lorenzo, G; Grisorio, B, 1996)
"To assess the role and the therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole-flucytosine association compared with placebo, in the treatment of endoscopically diagnosed esophageal candidiasis in a selected population of AIDS patients."	9.08	Fluconazole vs itraconazole-flucytosine association in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. A double-blind, multicenter placebo-controlled study. The Candida Esophagitis Multicenter Italian Study (CEMIS) Group. ( Barbarini, G; Barbaro, G; Di Lorenzo, G, 1996)
"A prospective, multicenter, open study of fluconazole prophylaxis was performed in AIDS patients to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the drug in preventing relapses of esophageal candidiasis."	9.07	Clinical and mycological evaluation of fluconazole in the secondary prophylaxis of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. An open, multicenter study. ( Agresti, MG; Bellocco, R; Caputo, RM; Carosi, GP; Chiodo, F; de Bernardis, F; Giannini, V; Milazzo, F; Minoli, L; Mondello, F, 1994)
" During 2-year follow-up, there were no differences of survival rates and occurrences of newly diagnosed cryptococcosis between patients with and without fluconazole for primary prophylaxis of cryptococcosis."	7.85	Primary Prophylaxis for Cryptococcosis With Fluconazole in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients With CD4 T-Cell Counts <100 Cells/µL and Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. ( Pattanapongpaiboon, W; Savetamornkul, C; Sungkanuparph, S, 2017)
"In sequential clinical trials of treatment for histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, therapy with fluconazole failed in a higher proportion of patients than did therapy with itraconazole."	7.71	Emergence of resistance to fluconazole as a cause of failure during treatment of histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome. ( Brizendine, E; Connolly, P; Hafner, R; Smedema, M; Wheat, LJ, 2001)
"To assess the effectiveness of fluconazole for suppression of relapse of histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."	7.69	Prevention of relapse of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. ( Baker, R; Black, J; Driks, M; Israel, K; Katz, B; Lancaster, D; McKinsey, D; Norris, S; Traeger, D; Wheat, J, 1994)
"In order to verify whether fluconazole has a prophylactive effect against the occurrence of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients and to identify other factors capable of increasing or reducing the risk of this infection, we arranged a case-control study of 17 patients with cryptococcal infection."	7.69	Fluconazole for primary prophylaxis of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis: a case-control study. ( Ammassari, A; Antinori, A; Linzalone, A; Marasca, G; Morace, G; Murri, R, 1995)
"This study assesses the efficacy and safety of fluconazole therapy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and mild to moderately severe manifestations of disseminated histoplasmosis."	7.69	Treatment of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. ( Bamberger, D; Chen, D; Cheung, T; Dismukes, W; Hafner, R; Hamill, R; Hyslop, N; Johnson, P; Kauffman, C; Koletar, S; Korzun, A; Lai, KK; Larsen, RA; MaWhinney, S; McKinsey, D; Pappas, P; Powderly, W; Saag, M; Schneider, D; Shakan, KJ; Squires, K; Stansell, J; Wheat, J, 1997)
"In our study 77 AIDS patients suffering from oral and/or esophageal candidiasis were evaluated: 38 received fluconazole, 39 ketoconazole."	7.68	Fluconazole and ketoconazole in the treatment of oral and esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. ( Ancarani, F; Arzeni, D; Barchiesi, F; Branchesi, P; Crescenzi, G; Giacometti, A; Scalise, G, 1992)
"Twenty-five patients had cryptococcal meningitis confirmed by culture, three had presumed cryptococcal meningitis, and three had disseminated extrameningeal cryptococcosis."	6.68	Amphotericin B as primary therapy for cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS: reliability of relatively high doses administered over a relatively short period. ( de Lalla, F; Fabris, P; Franzetti, M; Manfrin, V; Pellizzer, G; Stecca, C; Vaglia, A, 1995)
"Oral candidiasis is a frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients."	6.67	[Fluconazole in oro-pharyngeal candidiasis in retroviral infection (experience in Dakar)]. ( Coll-Seck, AM; Diop, BM; Faye, MA; Ndiaye, I; Sow, PS, 1993)
"Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent which is now an established part of therapy in patients with immune deficiencies."	6.39	Fluconazole. An update of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in major superficial and systemic mycoses in immunocompromised patients. ( Barradell, LB; Goa, KL, 1995)
"In separate trials in patients with AIDS, clinical response was similar with itraconazole (85%) and fluconazole (74%)."	5.31	Antigen clearance during treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis with itraconazole versus fluconazole in patients with AIDS. ( Brizendine, E; Connolly, P; Haddad, N; Hafner, R; Le Monte, A; Wheat, LJ, 2002)
"Treatment with fluconazole, 200 mg/day, was introduced."	5.29	[Clinical fluconazole and itraconazole resistance of oro-gastrointestinal candidiasis in a patient with AIDS]. ( Boyvat, A; Geilen, CC; Orfanos, CE; Seibold, M; Tebbe, B; Wölfer, LU, 1996)
"This multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded study of subjects with HIV infection and oropharyngeal candidiasis compared efficacy of posaconazole with that of fluconazole."	5.12	A multicenter randomized trial evaluating posaconazole versus fluconazole for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in subjects with HIV/AIDS. ( Gogate, J; Greaves, W; Isaacs, R; Nieto, L; Northland, R; Sanne, I; Skiest, DJ; Vazquez, JA, 2006)
"We evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral posaconazole for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and/or esophageal candidiasis (EC) who were clinically refractory to treatment with oral fluconazole or itraconazole."	5.12	Posaconazole for the treatment of azole-refractory oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in subjects with HIV infection. ( Anstead, GM; Boparai, N; Graybill, JR; Hare, R; Isaacs, R; Reynes, J; Skiest, DJ; Vazquez, JA; Ward, D, 2007)
"A total of 245 patients (age, > or =18 years) with a prior diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and esophageal candidiasis, confirmed by endoscopy and culture, were randomized to receive micafungin (50, 100, or 150 mg per day) or fluconazole (200 mg per day)."	5.11	A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-response study of micafungin compared with fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. ( Baraldi, E; de Wet, N; Della Negra, M; Diekmann-Berndt, H; Krantz, EF; Llanos-Cuentas, A; Suleiman, J, 2004)
"The efficacy and safety of caspofungin were compared with fluconazole in adult patients with Candida esophagitis in a double-blind randomized trial."	5.10	A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. ( Arathoon, EG; DiNubile, MJ; Gotuzzo, E; Kartsonis, NA; Lupinacci, RJ; Noriega, LM; Sable, CA; Smietana, JM; Villanueva, A, 2002)
" The aim of this study has been to evaluate the role, therapeutic efficacy, and the cost-benefit ratio of two antifungal drugs, fluconazole and flucytosine, compared with a placebo, in the treatment of endoscopically-diagnosed esophageal candidiasis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)."	5.08	Fluconazole vs. flucytosine in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Barbarini, G; Barbaro, G; Di Lorenzo, G, 1995)
"Published opinion has generally favored amphotericin B over fluconazole as initial therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated cryptococcosis, although data that support this recommendation are limited."	5.08	Initial therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated cryptococcosis with fluconazole. ( Nightingale, SD, 1995)
"The aim of this study was to assess the role and therapeutic efficacy of two azole antifungal drugs, fluconazole and itraconazole, in the treatment of endoscopically-diagnosed Candida oesophagitis in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)."	5.08	Comparison of therapeutic activity of fluconazole and itraconazole in the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study. ( Barbaro, G; Di Lorenzo, G, 1995)
"Symptoms resolved in 100% of patients with AIDS and oesophageal candidiasis receiving an oral suspension of fluconazole, and 90% of patients had symptom resolution within 2 weeks."	5.08	Prospective study of fluconazole suspension for the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis in patients with AIDS. ( Laine, L; Rabeneck, L, 1995)
"The aim of this study was to assess the role and the therapeutic efficacy of 2 azole antifungal drugs, fluconazole and itraconazole, in the treatment of endoscopically diagnosed Candida esophagitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."	5.08	Fluconazole compared with itraconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study. ( Barbarini, G; Barbaro, G; Di Lorenzo, G, 1995)
"This study evaluated 2213 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients at first episode of esophageal candidiasis diagnosed by endoscopy; 1105 received fluconazole and 1108 received itraconazole."	5.08	Fluconazole versus itraconazole for candida esophagitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Candida Esophagitis. ( Alcini, P; Barbarini, G; Barbaro, G; Calderon, W; Di Lorenzo, G; Grisorio, B, 1996)
"To assess the role and the therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole and itraconazole-flucytosine association compared with placebo, in the treatment of endoscopically diagnosed esophageal candidiasis in a selected population of AIDS patients."	5.08	Fluconazole vs itraconazole-flucytosine association in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. A double-blind, multicenter placebo-controlled study. The Candida Esophagitis Multicenter Italian Study (CEMIS) Group. ( Barbarini, G; Barbaro, G; Di Lorenzo, G, 1996)
"A prospective, multicenter, open study of fluconazole prophylaxis was performed in AIDS patients to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the drug in preventing relapses of esophageal candidiasis."	5.07	Clinical and mycological evaluation of fluconazole in the secondary prophylaxis of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. An open, multicenter study. ( Agresti, MG; Bellocco, R; Caputo, RM; Carosi, GP; Chiodo, F; de Bernardis, F; Giannini, V; Milazzo, F; Minoli, L; Mondello, F, 1994)
"After the first episode of esophageal candidiasis, 122 consecutive AIDS patients were randomly assigned to two different regimens of continuous long-term antifungal prophylaxis (ketoconazole 200 mg or fluconazole 50 mg/day p."	5.07	Prevention of symptomatic recurrences of esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients after the first episode: a prospective open study. ( Antinori, S; Ardizzone, S; Bianchi Porro, G; Cernuschi, M; Esposito, R; Lazzarin, A; Moroni, M; Parente, F, 1994)
"A systematic review of randomized clinical trials published between 1966 and April 2000 was undertaken to determine the strength of evidence for the effectiveness of antifungal drugs (nystatin, clotrimazole, amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and itraconazole) to prevent and treat oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients."	4.81	A systematic review of the effectiveness of antifungal drugs for the prevention and treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. ( Bonito, AJ; Patton, LL; Shugars, DA, 2001)
"The clinical use of fluconazole in dosages > or = 800 mg/day has been reported in about 900 patients against candidemia, oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients as well as for initial therapy of endemic mycoses."	4.79	[High-dose therapy with fluconazole > or = 800 mg/day. Review]. ( Penk, A; Pittrow, L, 1997)
" During 2-year follow-up, there were no differences of survival rates and occurrences of newly diagnosed cryptococcosis between patients with and without fluconazole for primary prophylaxis of cryptococcosis."	3.85	Primary Prophylaxis for Cryptococcosis With Fluconazole in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients With CD4 T-Cell Counts <100 Cells/µL and Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. ( Pattanapongpaiboon, W; Savetamornkul, C; Sungkanuparph, S, 2017)
" She was then diagnosed as disseminated cryptococcosis and treated with liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole successfully."	3.83	[A pediatric case of HIV who diagnosed by virtue of disseminated cryptococcus infection]. ( Acar, M; Ağaçfidan, A; Aktürk, H; Beka, H; Hançerli Törün, S; Karagöz, N; Salman, N; Somer, A; Sütçü, M; Yekeler, E, 2016)
" We report here the evolution of a patient with disseminated cryptococcosis whose treatment failed after ten weeks of induction therapy with amphotericin B."	3.73	[Disseminated cryptococcosis as inaugural manifestation of AIDS]. ( Baur, AS; Bellini, C; Cavassini, M; Fournier, Y; Waeber, G, 2005)
"These findings support careful monitoring for relapse in patients receiving voriconazole treatment for histoplasmosis, particularly in those who were previously treated with fluconazole."	3.73	Activity of newer triazoles against Histoplasma capsulatum from patients with AIDS who failed fluconazole. ( Brizendine, E; Connolly, P; Durkin, M; Goldman, M; Mann, P; McNicholas, PM; Patel, R; Smedema, M; Wheat, LJ, 2006)
"In sequential clinical trials of treatment for histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, therapy with fluconazole failed in a higher proportion of patients than did therapy with itraconazole."	3.71	Emergence of resistance to fluconazole as a cause of failure during treatment of histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome. ( Brizendine, E; Connolly, P; Hafner, R; Smedema, M; Wheat, LJ, 2001)
"Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was used to detect genotype relatedness among clinical fluconazole-resistant and -sensitive strains of Candida albicans recovered from twenty HIV-infected patients having oropharyngeal candidiasis."	3.71	Variation in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles specific to fluconazole-resistant and -sensitive strains of Candida albicans. ( Bhattacharya, E; Jain, P; Khan, ZK; Ranade, SA, 2001)
"Signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) were correlated with microbiology and clinical response to fluconazole in a cohort of patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and recurrent OPC."	3.70	Clinical evaluation and microbiology of oropharyngeal infection due to fluconazole-resistant Candida in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. ( Dib, OP; Fothergill, AW; Kirkpatrick, WR; McAtee, RK; Patterson, TF; Redding, SW; Revankar, SG; Rinaldi, MG, 1998)
"From each of two AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis, five Candida albicans isolates from recurrent episodes of infection which became gradually resistant against fluconazole during antimycotic treatment were analyzed for molecular changes responsible for drug resistance."	3.70	Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to a stepwise development of fluconazole resistance in clinical Candida albicans strains. ( Franz, R; Kelly, DE; Kelly, SL; Lamb, DC; Morschhäuser, J; Ruhnke, M, 1998)
"To assess the effectiveness of fluconazole for suppression of relapse of histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."	3.69	Prevention of relapse of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. ( Baker, R; Black, J; Driks, M; Israel, K; Katz, B; Lancaster, D; McKinsey, D; Norris, S; Traeger, D; Wheat, J, 1994)
"In order to verify whether fluconazole has a prophylactive effect against the occurrence of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients and to identify other factors capable of increasing or reducing the risk of this infection, we arranged a case-control study of 17 patients with cryptococcal infection."	3.69	Fluconazole for primary prophylaxis of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis: a case-control study. ( Ammassari, A; Antinori, A; Linzalone, A; Marasca, G; Morace, G; Murri, R, 1995)
"A case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed cryptococcosis which was successfully treated with amphotericin B (AMPH) and fluconazole (FLCZ) is reported."	3.69	[A case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with cryptococcemia and cryptococcal meningitis]. ( Hashimoto, S; Horie, T; Inami, T; Nakayama, T; Nishinarita, S; Tomita, Y, 1996)
"Amphotericin B, alone or combined with flucytosine, is the reference curative treatment for neuromeningeal cryptococcosis associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)."	3.69	Treatment of non-meningeal cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS. Centre d'Informations et de Soins de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de l'Est Parisien. ( Bollens, D; Deluol, AM; Frottier, J; Mayaud, C; Meynard, JL; Meyohas, MC; Poirot, JL; Roux, P; Rozenbaum, W, 1996)
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral fluconazole treatment for the prevention of systemic fungal diseases related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome."	3.69	Fluconazole as prophylaxis against fungal infection in patients with advanced HIV infection. ( Chiodo, F; Coronado, OV; Manfredi, R; Mastroianni, A, 1997)
"An AIDS patient with disseminated histoplasmosis who improved during treatment with fluconazole but remained fungemic and subsequently relapsed is described."	3.69	Hypothesis on the mechanism of resistance to fluconazole in Histoplasma capsulatum. ( Connolly, P; Le Monte, A; Marichal, P; Vanden Bossche, H; Wheat, J, 1997)
"This study assesses the efficacy and safety of fluconazole therapy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and mild to moderately severe manifestations of disseminated histoplasmosis."	3.69	Treatment of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. ( Bamberger, D; Chen, D; Cheung, T; Dismukes, W; Hafner, R; Hamill, R; Hyslop, N; Johnson, P; Kauffman, C; Koletar, S; Korzun, A; Lai, KK; Larsen, RA; MaWhinney, S; McKinsey, D; Pappas, P; Powderly, W; Saag, M; Schneider, D; Shakan, KJ; Squires, K; Stansell, J; Wheat, J, 1997)
"In our study 77 AIDS patients suffering from oral and/or esophageal candidiasis were evaluated: 38 received fluconazole, 39 ketoconazole."	3.68	Fluconazole and ketoconazole in the treatment of oral and esophageal candidiasis in AIDS patients. ( Ancarani, F; Arzeni, D; Barchiesi, F; Branchesi, P; Crescenzi, G; Giacometti, A; Scalise, G, 1992)
"Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related death in sub-Saharan Africa."	3.11	Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis. ( Boulware, DR; Boyer-Chammard, T; Chawinga, C; Chen, T; Comins, K; Harrison, TS; Hlupeni, A; Hope, W; Hosseinipour, MC; Jaffar, S; Jarvis, JN; Jjunju, S; Kagimu, E; Kanyama, C; Kasibante, J; Lalloo, DG; Lawrence, DS; Leeme, T; Lortholary, O; Loyse, A; Meintjes, G; Meya, DB; Molloy, SF; Mosepele, M; Moyo, M; Mpoza, E; Mutata, C; Muzoora, C; Mwandumba, HC; Mzinganjira, H; Ndhlovu, CE; Nuwagira, E; Rhein, J; Rutakingirwa, MK; Schutz, C; Siamisang, K; Singh, A; Ssebambulidde, K; Tugume, L; van Widenfelt, E; Wang, D; Youssouf, N, 2022)
"Sertraline was associated with excess SAEs of psychosis."	2.94	Adjunctive sertraline for asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia: A randomized clinical trial. ( Bangdiwala, AS; Boulware, DR; Hullsiek, KH; Kirumira, P; Meya, DB; Nalintya, E; Naluyima, R; Namanda, S; Nikweri, Y; Rajasingham, R; Rutakingirwa, MK; Skipper, CP; Turya, F, 2020)
"Mortality was associated with Glasgow coma score (GCS) below 15 (adjusted Hazard ratio (aHR) 1."	2.94	Determinants of two-year mortality among HIV positive patients with Cryptococcal meningitis initiating standard antifungal treatment with or without adjunctive dexamethasone in Uganda. ( Anywaine, Z; Day, J; Ggayi, AB; Kaleebu, P; Kibengo, FM; Kitonsa, J; Kiwanuka, J; Mayanja, Y; Nikweri, Y; Nsubuga, R; Onyango, M, 2020)
"Fluconazole was effective against cryptococcal disease both before (aHR=11·0 [1·4-85·3]) and after start of antiretroviral therapy (no cases in fluconazole vs seven cases on placebo)."	2.76	Primary prophylaxis of cryptococcal disease with fluconazole in HIV-positive Ugandan adults: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. ( Coutinho, A; Grosskurth, H; Kamali, A; Lalloo, DG; Levin, J; Mugisha, NK; Namusoke, D; Parkes-Ratanshi, R; Wakeham, K; Whitworth, J, 2011)
" Fluconazole at a dosage of 1200 mg per day is more fungicidal than at a dosage of 800 mg per day, but mortality rates remain unacceptably high."	2.75	Combination flucytosine and high-dose fluconazole compared with fluconazole monotherapy for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis: a randomized trial in Malawi. ( Harrison, TS; Hosseinipour, MC; Jackson, A; Jaffar, S; Jarvis, JN; Kamwendo, D; Kanyemba, C; Kenala, J; Namarika, D; Nussbaum, JC; Phulusa, J; van der Horst, CM, 2010)
" We conducted a prospective phase II dose escalation study employing doses of fluconazole ranging from 800 to 2000 mg daily for 10 weeks used alone or combined with flucytosine at 100 mg/kg per day for the first 4 weeks."	2.73	Fluconazole alone or combined with flucytosine for the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. ( Bozzette, SA; Haubrich, R; Larsen, RA; Leal, MA; Leedom, JM; McCutchan, JA; Milefchik, E; Tilles, JG, 2008)
"Amphotericin B treatment in cryptococcosis requires daily hospital visits or admission."	2.72	Comparison of one week with two week regimens of amphotericin B both followed by fluconazole in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis among AIDS patients. ( Boonpokbn, L; Maek-a-Nantawat, W; Mctm, AG; Phonrat, B; Pitisuttithum, P; Tansuphaswadikul, S, 2006)
"Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the major complications affecting the central nervous system of patients suffering from AIDS."	2.71	The efficacy of fluconazole 600 mg/day versus itraconazole 600 mg/day as consolidation therapy of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients. ( Anunnatsiri, S; Chetchotisakd, P; Choksawadphinyo, K; Mootsikapun, P, 2003)
"PCR as a rapid diagnostic tool for cryptococcal meningitis was evaluated."	2.70	Cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. ( Banker, DD; Iyer, RS, 2002)
"Fluconazole kinetics were best described by a one-compartment model with first-order oral absorp tion from the gastrointestinal tract."	2.70	Population pharmacokinetics of fluconazole given for secondary prevention of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. ( Bille, J; Biollaz, J; Buclin, T; Csajka, C; Décosterd, LA; Fattinger, K; Pagani, JL, 2001)
"In patients with frequent recurrences, continuous suppressive therapy significantly reduced relapses and colonization."	2.69	A randomized trial of continuous or intermittent therapy with fluconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: clinical outcomes and development of fluconazole resistance. ( Dib, OP; Fothergill, AW; Hilsenbeck, SG; Kirkpatrick, WR; McAtee, RK; Patterson, TF; Redding, SW; Revankar, SG; Rinaldi, MG, 1998)
"We compared the efficacy of a 400-mg once-weekly dosage versus a 200-mg daily dosage of fluconazole for the prevention of deep fungal infections in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of 636 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients to determine if a less intensive fluconazole regimen could prevent these serious but relatively infrequent complications of AIDS."	2.69	Prophylaxis with weekly versus daily fluconazole for fungal infections in patients with AIDS. ( Bozzette, SA; Cheeseman, SH; Dubé, MP; Dunne, MW; Forthal, DN; Havlir, DV; Kemper, CA; Kumar, PN; MacGregor, RR; McCutchan, JA; Nightingale, SD; Parenti, DM; Sattler, FR; Sepkowitz, KA; Torriani, FJ; White, AC; Witt, MD; Zelasky, MT, 1998)
"Fluconazole remains the treatment of choice for maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal disease."	2.69	A comparison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as maintenance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. ( Cloud, GA; Cosmatos, D; Dismukes, WE; Fessel, WJ; Graybill, JR; Hafner, R; Johnson, PC; Moskovitz, BL; Riser, L; Saag, MS; Sobel, JD; Thomas, C; Tuazon, CU; Wiesinger, B, 1999)
"Fluconazole was associated with a 50% reduction in the odds of being colonized with C."	2.69	Evolution of vaginal Candida species recovered from human immunodeficiency virus-infected women receiving fluconazole prophylaxis: the emergence of Candida glabrata? Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research in AIDS (CPCRA). ( Holloway, W; Neaton, JD; Peng, G; Schuman, P; Sobel, JD; Steele-Moore, L; Vazquez, JA, 1999)
"Twenty-five patients had cryptococcal meningitis confirmed by culture, three had presumed cryptococcal meningitis, and three had disseminated extrameningeal cryptococcosis."	2.68	Amphotericin B as primary therapy for cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS: reliability of relatively high doses administered over a relatively short period. ( de Lalla, F; Fabris, P; Franzetti, M; Manfrin, V; Pellizzer, G; Stecca, C; Vaglia, A, 1995)
"Fluconazole was also effective in preventing esophageal candidiasis (adjusted relative hazard, 5."	2.68	A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with clotrimazole troches for the prevention of fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group. ( Carey, J; Eyster, ME; Feinberg, J; Finkelstein, D; Frame, P; He, W; Koletar, SL; Powderly, WG; van der Horst, C; Waskin, H, 1995)
"Blood and urine samples were obtained at regular intervals for 24 hours at the end of each 2-week dosing period to ascertain concentrations of fluconazole and rifabutin and the 25-desacetyl metabolite of rifabutin, LM565."	2.68	Increased plasma rifabutin levels with concomitant fluconazole therapy in HIV-infected patients. ( Lavelle, JP; Li, R; Narang, PK; Trapnell, CB, 1996)
"Fluconazole compliance was monitored electronically by using the Medication Event Monitoring Systems with 19 women receiving fluconazole at 50 mg thrice weekly for prophylaxis of recurrent mucocutaneous candidiasis."	2.68	Electronic compliance assessment of antifungal prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. ( Bettencourt, FA; Dudley, MN; Fiore, TC; Flanigan, TP; Geletko, SM; Mayer, KH; Segarra, M, 1996)
" These results suggest that rifampicin dosage adjustment may not be necessary when this drug is coadministered with fluconazole."	2.68	Lack of effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in AIDS patients. ( Jaruratanasirikul, S; Kleepkaew, A, 1996)
"HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis were randomized to treatment with either liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) 4 mg/kg daily or standard amphotericin B 0."	2.68	Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) compared with amphotericin B both followed by oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. ( Allworth, T; Borleffs, JC; Clezy, K; de Marie, S; Hop, WC; Hoy, J; Jones, P; Kauffmann, RH; Kroon, FP; Leenders, AC; Portegies, P; Reiss, P; Verbrugh, HA, 1997)
" We conducted a prospective, open-label clinical trial involving persons with AIDS to determine whether the rate of clinical success would improve when fluconazole (400 mg daily) was combined with flucytosine (150 mg/kg daily)."	2.67	Fluconazole combined with flucytosine for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. ( Bauer, M; Bozzette, SA; Forthal, D; Haghighat, D; Jones, BE; Larsen, RA; Leal, MA; Leedom, JM; McCutchan, JA; Tilles, JG, 1994)
"Oral candidiasis is a frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients."	2.67	[Fluconazole in oro-pharyngeal candidiasis in retroviral infection (experience in Dakar)]. ( Coll-Seck, AM; Diop, BM; Faye, MA; Ndiaye, I; Sow, PS, 1993)
"Fluconazole was given in a mean dosage of 3."	2.67	Treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected children with oral fluconazole. Multicentre Study Group [corrected]. ( Marchisio, P; Principi, N, 1994)
" Twenty-four subjects received oral fluconazole in a dosage of 3 mg/kg/day and 22 subjects received oral ketoconazole in a dosage of 7 mg/kg/day."	2.67	Fluconazole versus ketoconazole in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected children. Multicentre Study Group. ( Hernández-Sampelayo, T, 1994)
"Fluconazole was evaluated prospectively in 173 children aged between 4 months and 16 years in whom conventional antifungal therapy was ineffective or contraindicated."	2.67	Fluconazole treatment of children with severe fungal infections not treatable with conventional agents. ( Fasano, C; Gibbs, D; O'Keeffe, J, 1994)
" No treatment-related adverse events required termination of treatment."	2.67	Efficacy and safety of fluconazole in the treatment of systemic fungal infections in pediatric patients. Multicentre Study Group. ( Graninger, W; Presterl, E, 1994)
"Fluconazole was more effective than clotrimazole in eradicating Candida from the oral flora by the end of therapy (65% versus 48%) (p = 0."	2.67	Therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized, prospective multicenter study of oral fluconazole versus clotrimazole troches. The Multicenter Study Group. ( Debruin, M; Greenspan, D; Pons, V, 1993)
"Cryptococcosis has become an important infection in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts."	2.66	Cryptococcosis. ( Baddley, JW; Zavala, S, 2020)
"Mean fluconazole resistance was 10."	2.58	A systematic review of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus species. ( Bongomin, F; Gago, S; Moore, CB; Oladele, RO; Richardson, MD, 2018)
"Two trials treated cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin B and fluconazole; a third trial used fluconazole monotherapy; and the fourth trial did not specify the antifungal used."	2.58	Early versus delayed antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive people with cryptococcal meningitis. ( Bicanic, T; Eshun-Wilson, I; Okwen, MP; Richardson, M, 2018)
"For persons with symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis, optimal initial management with amphotericin and flucytosine improves survival compared to alternative therapies; however, amphotsericin is difficult to administer and flucytosine has not been available in middle or low income countries, where cryptococcal meningitis is most prevalent."	2.55	Recent advances in AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis treatment with an emphasis on resource limited settings. ( Abassi, M; Boulware, DR; Lofgren, S; Rhein, J, 2017)
"Amphotericin B based treatment is appropriate where possible."	2.45	Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in resource limited settings. ( Dedicoat, MJ; Lalloo, DG; Sloan, DJ, 2009)
"The IRIS presentation was lymphadenitis in all three patients; one patient also had meningeal IRIS."	2.43	Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: report of four cases in three patients and review of the literature. ( Hardy, RD; Hester, LJ; Skiest, DJ, 2005)
"The most common causes of cerebral infarction in AIDS are central nervous system infections: toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis."	2.42	Cerebral infarction related to cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-infected patient: case report and literature review. ( Bonasser Filho, F; Leite, AG; Nogueira, RS; Oliveira, AC; Vidal, JE, 2004)
"Cryptococcal meningitis is a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, particularly in Southeast Asia and Africa."	2.42	Cryptococcal meningitis. ( Bicanic, T; Harrison, TS, 2004)
" This formulation has a higher bioavailability and leads to higher local concentrations in the oral cavity which are advantages over the solid capsule formulation."	2.41	Itraconazole solution: summary of pharmacokinetic features and review of activity in the treatment of fluconazole-resistant oral candidosis in HIV-infected persons. ( Beijnen, JH; Bult, A; Koks, CH; Meenhorst, PL, 2002)
"Ketoconazole tablets were used with good success in previous years of the AIDS epidemics."	2.39	[Therapy of candidiasis and cryptococcosis in AIDS]. ( Just-Nübling, G, 1994)
"Fluconazole has been shown effective as prophylaxis of candidosis including in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation as well as in treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis and for candidaemia occurring in non-neutropenic patients."	2.39	[Therapy of systemic candidiasis]. ( Meunier, F, 1994)
"There is a wide range of drugs to treat or suppress Candida infections."	2.39	Resistant candidiasis. ( Powderly, WG, 1994)
"Fluconazole is an effective treatment for cryptococcal meningitis."	2.39	The role of azoles in the treatment and prophylaxis of cryptococcal disease in HIV infection. ( Cartledge, J; Fisher, M; Gazzard, BG; Nelson, MR; Rogers, T, 1994)
"Histoplasmosis is a frequent complication of HIV infection and is usually the result of reactivation."	2.39	Oral histoplasmosis in a patient infected with HIV. A case report. ( Durham, T; Johansson, SL; Kaufman, L; Swindells, S, 1994)
"Fluconazole can increase phenytoin serum concentrations leading to toxicity."	2.39	Fluconazole-induced symptomatic phenytoin toxicity. ( Cadle, RM; Hamill, RJ; Rodriguez-Barradas, MC; Zenon, GJ, 1994)
"Treatment with amphotericin B was successful."	2.39	Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection as an imported disease in HIV-1 infected patients. Description of two cases and a review of the literature. ( Blaauwgeers, JL; Dirks-Go, S; Kok, I; Rietra, PJ; Veenstra, J; Weigel, HM, 1994)
"Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent which is now an established part of therapy in patients with immune deficiencies."	2.39	Fluconazole. An update of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in major superficial and systemic mycoses in immunocompromised patients. ( Barradell, LB; Goa, KL, 1995)
"Disseminated histoplasmosis is an AIDS-defining illness that occurs in about 5% of AIDS patients residing in histoplasmosis-endemic areas of the United States (the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys)."	2.39	Disseminated histoplasmosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. ( Hajjeh, RA, 1995)
"The optimum regimen for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS is still not totally clear."	2.39	Recent advances in the management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. ( Powderly, WG, 1996)
"In the U."	2.38	Cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. ( Mocsny, N, 1992)
"Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis and pulmonary tuberculosis are respectively serious mycotic and bacterial infections occurring in a subject regardless of its HIV serological status."	1.72	[Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in an HIV-negative patient with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Infectious and tropical diseases department of the University teaching hospital Point G of Bamako, Mali]. ( Alle Akakpo, AE; Cissoko, Y; Dao, S; Konaté, I; Loua, OO; Ouedraogo, D; Soumaré, M, 2022)
"Amphotericin B was used in 13 patients."	1.51	[Forty cases of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis diagnosed at the Mycology-Parasitology Department of the Ibn Sina hospital in Rabat, over a 21-year period]. ( Aoufi, S; Bandadi, FZ; Lyagoubi, M; Moustachi, A; Raiss, C, 2019)
"Cryptococcal prostatitis is a rare clinical disease and has never been reported in China."	1.51	An AIDS patient with urine retention. ( Cheng, J; Tao, R; Xu, L; Zhao, Q; Zhu, B, 2019)
"Stroke is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality amongst HIV infected persons."	1.48	Ischemic stroke as a complication of cryptococcal meningitis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report. ( Benjamin, LA; Ellis, JP; Harrison, TS; Heyderman, RS; Joekes, EC; Kalata, N; Kampondeni, S; Lalloo, DG, 2018)
"Fluconazole 1200mg was prescribed to 29 (63%) patients."	1.46	[Fluconazole 1200mg or 800mg for cryptococcal meningitis treatment in Ivory Coast]. ( Doumbia, A; Eholié, SP; Ehui, E; Ello, NF; Kassi, FK; Kassi, NA; Keita, M; Kouakou, GA; Mossou, C; Tanon, A, 2017)
"In the United States, cryptococcal meningitis causes approximately 3400 hospitalizations and approximately 330 deaths annually."	1.43	Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment Strategies Affected by the Explosive Cost of Flucytosine in the United States: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis. ( Boulware, DR; Merry, M, 2016)
"Cryptococcal meningitis is a mycosis encountered especially in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and is fatal in the absence of treatment."	1.42	Cryptoccocal meningitis in Yaoundé (Cameroon) HIV infected patients: Diagnosis, frequency and Cryptococcus neoformans isolates susceptibility study to fluconazole. ( Bertout, S; Boyom, FF; Delaporte, E; Dongtsa, J; Fomena, S; Kammalac Ngouana, T; Kouanfack, C; Mallié, M; Tonfack, C, 2015)
"Our case challenges the concept that immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and microbiological relapse are dichotomous entities."	1.42	Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis relapse after an eight-year delay: an interplay of infection and immune reconstitution. ( Arastéh, K; Blechschmidt, C; Boulware, DR; Branding, G; Katchanov, J; Meintjes, G; Nielsen, K; Stocker, H; Tintelnot, K, 2015)
"The treatment with fluconazole and ARV led to a favorable outcome."	1.40	[Non-neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS in Bamako, Mali: 2 case reports]. ( Chabasse, D; Coulibaly, I; Dembélé, M; Diallo, K; Dolo, A; Kamaté, B; Minta, DK; Ouologuem, DS; Pichard, E; Soukho-Kaya, A; Traoré, AM; Traoré, HA, 2014)
"Flucytosine exposure was associated with a lower overall mortality rate (HR, 0."	1.39	Approaches to antifungal therapies and their effectiveness among patients with cryptococcosis. ( Bratton, EW; Chastain, CA; El Husseini, N; Juliano, JJ; Lee, MS; Perfect, JR; Poole, C; Stürmer, T; Weber, DJ, 2013)
"A survey on cryptococcosis is being conducted regularly in Colombia since 1997."	1.38	Cryptococcosis in Colombia: results of the national surveillance program for the years 2006-2010. ( Agudelo, CI; Bello, S; Castañeda, E; de Bedout, C; Escandón, P; Lizarazo, J; Restrepo, A; Tobón, A, 2012)
"Cryptococcal meningitis has emerged as a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients with AIDS."	1.38	A retrospective study of AIDS-associated cryptomeningitis. ( Chakrabarti, A; Randev, S; Sachdeva, RK; Sharma, A; Singh, S; Varma, S; Wanchu, A, 2012)
"In many resource-limited settings, cryptococcal meningitis (CM) contributes up to 20% of all deaths with further complications due to Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)."	1.38	Challenges in diagnosis and management of Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in resource limited settings. ( Bohjanen, P; Lukande, R; Mayanja-Kizza, H; Meya, BD; Musubire, AK; R Boulware, RD; Wiesner, LD, 2012)
"Cryptococcosis is rare among children, only occurring in about 1% of children with HIV."	1.38	Disseminated cryptococcosis in an HIV-positive boy. ( Friedman, D; Kongthavonsakul, K; Oberdorfer, P, 2012)
"Cryptococcal meningitis is much less common in children than adults."	1.37	[Cryptococcal meningitis in children: description of 3 cases]. ( Diagne, NR; Diop, AG; Ndiaye, M; Ndiaye, MM; Seck, LB; Sène, MS; Sow, AD; Sow, HD, 2011)
"Disseminated fungal infections are common presenting opportunistic infections among AIDS patients in developing countries."	1.37	Itraconazole vs fluconazole as a primary prophylaxis for fungal infections in HIV-infected patients in Thailand. ( Boonmee, D; Chaiwarith, R; Fakthongyoo, A; Praparattanapan, J; Sirisanthana, T; Supparatpinyo, K, 2011)
"Therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis in many centers in Africa is fluconazole administered at a dosage of 400-800 mg per day."	1.35	Dose response effect of high-dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in southwestern Uganda. ( Andia, I; Chakera, A; Harrison, TS; Jaffar, S; Longley, N; Muzoora, C; Mwesigye, J; Rwebembera, J; Taseera, K; Wall, E, 2008)
"Two HIV-infected patients had recurrent cryptococcal meningitis (CM) despite treatment with fluconazole and immune reconstitution with combination antiretroviral therapy (CART)."	1.35	Recurrence of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients following immune reconstitution. ( Corbett, EL; Ferrand, RA; Mangeya, N; Miller, RF; Seddon, J, 2009)
"Progress in therapy for cryptococcal meningitis has been slow because of the lack of a suitable marker of treatment response."	1.35	Independent association between rate of clearance of infection and clinical outcome of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: analysis of a combined cohort of 262 patients. ( Bekker, LG; Bicanic, T; Brouwer, AE; Chierakul, W; Harrison, TS; Jaffar, S; Jarvis, J; Limmathurotsakul, D; Longley, N; Loyse, A; Meintjes, G; Muzoora, C; Rebe, K; Stepniewska, K; Taseera, K; White, NJ; Wood, R, 2009)
"Of 101 AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis who received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 13 experienced cryptococcal IRIS."	1.35	Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective multicenter study. ( Anekthananon, T; Chetchotisakd, P; Filler, SG; Johnson, PC; Kendrick, AS; Kopetskie, H; Larsen, RA; Manosuthi, W; Morris, MI; Nolen, TL; Pappas, PG; Sobel, JD; Sungkanuparph, S; Supparatpinyo, K, 2009)
"Pulmonary cryptococcosis is an unusual fungal infection that is most often found in AIDS or in organ transplant recipients."	1.35	[Cavitary pneumonia in an AIDS patient with cryptococcosis]. ( Arechavala, A; Corti, M; Negroni, R; Palmieri, O; Semorile, K; Trione, N, 2008)
"Cryptococcosis was diagnosed in 35 patients [HIV-1 seropositive (19) and apparently immunocompetent (16)]."	1.35	Current scenario of cryptococcosis and antifungal susceptibility pattern in India: a cause for reappraisal. ( Aggarwal, P; Banerjee, U; Capoor, MR; Deb, M; Mandal, P, 2008)
"Treatment with Fluconazole for a period of four weeks successfully cured the infection."	1.34	Exacerbated inflammatory reaction to Trichophyton rubrum infection on an HIV-positive patient successfully treated with fluconazole. ( de Oliveira Teixeira, F; Mendoza, L; Vilela, L; Vilela, R, 2007)
"In 2000, cryptococcal meningitis was a common HIV related opportunistic infection in central Thailand requiring inpatient management but few patients suffering from it could afford a full course of treatment once infection had occurred."	1.34	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related cryptococcal meningitis in rural central Thailand--treatment difficulties and prevention strategies. ( Inverarity, D; Wright, P, 2007)
"Two patients with HIV/AIDS (CD4 counts of 8 and 81 cells/mm(3)) presented with altered mental status, visual changes, florid cryptococcal meningitis, and elevated ICP (>500 mm CSF) without evidence of hydrocephalus on computed tomography scan."	1.33	The use of ventriculoperitoneal shunts for uncontrollable intracranial hypertension without ventriculomegally secondary to HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. ( McGirt, MJ; Rigamonti, D; Williams, MA; Woodworth, GF, 2005)
"Oesophageal candidiasis is an epithelial infection which requires an immune deficiency."	1.33	[Oesophageal candidiasis: clinical and mycological analysis]. ( Araya, V; Cahn, P; Concetti, H; Guelfand, L; Kaufman, S; Olmos, MA; Pérez, H; Piskorz, E; Ramallo, J, 2005)
"Fluconazole was the only systemic antifungal therapy available in our centre."	1.33	Outcome of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis initially treated with 200 mg/day or 400 mg/day of fluconazole. ( Maartens, G; Meintjes, GA; Morroni, C; Post, FA; Schaars, CF, 2006)
"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia has historically been one of the most common opportunistic pneumonias and life-threatening infectious complications in HIV-infected patients."	1.33	[Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: an old disease with a new name]. ( Aleksoniene, R; Ambrozaitis, A; Matulionyte, R; Paulauskiene, R, 2006)
"Oral candidiasis is the most common manifestation, superficial cutaneous infections of the dermis are rarely seen."	1.32	Generalized fungal infection in a patient with AIDS appearing as skin papules. ( Altmeyer, P; Brockmeyer, NH; Kreuter, A; Stuecker, M; Teichmann, M; Tietz, HJ, 2003)
"Cryptococcal meningitis is the third-most-common opportunistic infection in HIV patients in Cambodia."	1.32	Increasing in vitro resistance to fluconazole in Cryptococcus neoformans Cambodian isolates: April 2000 to March 2002. ( Buisson, Y; Keo, C; Monchy, D; Sar, B; Sarthou, JL; Vann, M, 2004)
"Fluconazole MICs were determined by using NCCLS methods."	1.31	Replacement of Candida albicans with C. dubliniensis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis treated with fluconazole. ( Bachmann, SP; Coco, BJ; Kirkpatrick, WR; López-Ribot, JL; Martinez, M; Patterson, TF, 2002)
"There are few reports on cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV-infected patients in subtropical areas."	1.31	Cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV-infected patients. ( Chang, SC; Chen, YC; Hsieh, WC; Luh, KT; Shih, CC, 2000)
"Mucosal candidiasis is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection."	1.31	In vivo virulence of Candida albicans isolates causing mucosal infections in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. ( Arribas, A; Fichtenbaum, C; Fidel, PL; Powderly, W; Saavedra, M; Slavinsky III, J; Swoboda, R; Taylor, BN; Wozniak, K, 2000)
"Fungal peritonitis is rarely encountered."	1.31	Trichosporon beigelii peritonitis in a HIV-positive patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. ( Agarwal, SK; Anuradha, S; Bajaj, J; Chatterjee, A; Kaur, R; Singh, NP, 2000)
"Cryptococcal meningitis was the first AIDS defining illness in 210 (91%) patients."	1.31	Clinical presentation, natural history, and cumulative death rates of 230 adults with primary cryptococcal meningitis in Zambian AIDS patients treated under local conditions. ( Chintu, C; Mwaba, P; Mwansa, J; Pobee, J; Portsmouth, S; Scarborough, M; Zumla, A, 2001)
"In separate trials in patients with AIDS, clinical response was similar with itraconazole (85%) and fluconazole (74%)."	1.31	Antigen clearance during treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis with itraconazole versus fluconazole in patients with AIDS. ( Brizendine, E; Connolly, P; Haddad, N; Hafner, R; Le Monte, A; Wheat, LJ, 2002)
"isolates from HIV seropositive or AIDS patients with syntomatic oropharyngeal Candida infection."	1.31	"In vitro" antifungal activity of protease inhibitors. ( Deibis, L; Hartung de Capriles, C; Magaldi, S; Mata-Essayag, S; Perez, C; Verde, G, 2001)
"Fluconazole treatment was ineffective for patients infected with resistant isolates; however, high doses of ketoconazole or itraconazole were successful for nine (81%) of them."	1.30	Patterns of fluconazole susceptibility in isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis due to Candida albicans. ( Díaz-Guerra, TM; Dronda, F; Laguna, F; Martínez-Súarez, JV; Polo, R; Pulido, F; Rodríguez-Tudela, JL; Valencia, E, 1997)
"Fluconazole resistance has emerged among Candida albicans isolates and has been associated with the prolonged or repeated use of the drug."	1.30	Oral transmission of Candida albicans between partners in HIV-infected couples could contribute to dissemination of fluconazole-resistant isolates. ( Dromer, F; Dupont, B; Eliaszewicz, M; Feuillie, V; Fournier, S; Improvisi, L; Pialoux, G, 1997)
" In order to determine the microsomal enzyme activity, the 6-beta-hydroxycortisol/17-hydroxycorticosteroid ratio and antipyrine pharmacokinetic parameters were determined."	1.30	Pharmacokinetic interaction of fluconazole and zidovudine in HIV-positive patients. ( Barthel, B; Brockmeyer, NH; Goos, M; Mertins, L; Tillmann, I, 1997)
"Fluconazole is an azole antifungal agent."	1.30	Adverse reactions to fluconazole: illustrative case with focus on desensitization. ( Craig, TJ, 1997)
" glabrata was less susceptible (4-8 mg/l) or resistant (> 8 mg/l) to fluconazole and resistant to itraconazole and ketoconazole High dosed intravenous fluconazole treatment with 400 to 600 mg daily failed in 11 patients with fluconazole resistant C."	1.30	[Fluconazole-resistant Candida species from HIV infected patients with recurrent Candida stomatitis: cross resistance to itraconazole and ketoconazole]. ( Hofmann, H; Metzger, S, 1997)
"Oral candidiasis is one of the earliest and most frequent complications of a failing immune system in HIV-infected individuals."	1.30	Stable azole drug resistance associated with a substrain of Candida albicans from an HIV-infected patient. ( Pfaller, MA; Redding, SW; Rinaldi, MG; Smith, J; White, TC, 1997)
"albicans by neutrophils in 10 AIDS patients and 50 control subjects."	1.30	Neutrophil phagocytosis in AIDS patients with azole resistant candidiasis. ( Castro, M; Diz Dios, P; Iglesias, I; Ocampo, A; Valcarcel, JP; Vazquez, E, 1997)
"Fluconazole has been prescribed in 7 patients as a permanent suppressive therapy and should be continued indefinitely."	1.30	[Pulmonary cryptococcosis during HIV infection. 15 cases]. ( Balloul, E; Cahite, I; Caubarrère, I; Couderc, LJ; Molina, JM; Saimot, AG; Wolff, M, 1997)
"A cryptococcus neoformans septicemia with meningoencephalitis was diagnosed."	1.30	Cryptococcosis, epileptic seizures and encephalopathy in a HIV-infected patient. ( Elzi, M; Reusser, P; Tolnay, M, 1997)
"albicans isolates in the mouth of AIDS patients with fluconazole resistance, and the difficulties in interpretation of present typing methods."	1.30	Variation in morphotype, karyotype and DNA type of fluconazole resistant Candida albicans from an AIDS patient. ( Anderson, MJ; Baily, GG; Birch, M; Denning, DW; Law, D; Takasuka, T, 1998)
"Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans."	1.30	Cutaneous cryptococcosis mimicking basal cell carcinoma in a patient with AIDS. ( Don, P; Ingleton, R; Koestenblatt, E; Levy, H; Szaniawski, W; Weinberg, JM, 1998)
"neoformans var."	1.30	Fluconazole susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans: comparison of two broth microdilution methods and clinical correlates among isolates from Ugandan AIDS patients. ( Ghannoum, MA; Jessup, CJ; Mbidde, EK; Messer, SA; Pfaller, MA; Tumberland, M; Zhang, J, 1998)
"To identify the risk factors for cryptococcal meningitis in patients with HIV disease we conducted a nested case-control study of 37 incident cases of cryptococcal meningitis and 74 controls, identified from a cohort of more than 2000 HIV-infected patients."	1.30	Risk factors for cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients. ( Chaisson, RE; Moore, RD; Oursler, KA, 1999)
"Rilopirox was found to be able to inhibit growth of all clinical yeast isolates."	1.30	In vitro activity of rilopirox against fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates from patients with HIV infection. ( Haustein, UF; Nenoff, P; Oswald, U; Pfeil, B; Taneva, E, 1999)
"Histoplasmosis is an important cause of morbidity and death in HIV-infected patients."	1.30	Histoplasmosis: update 1998. ( Brooks, JT; Wheat, LJ, 1998)
"Fungal infections are common in people with HIV/AIDS, especially among those with CD4+ counts below 200."	1.30	Fluconazole and fungal infections. ( , 1999)
"Flucytosine resistance was seen in only 12 (3."	1.29	High prevalence of antifungal resistance in Candida spp. from patients with AIDS. ( Denning, DW; Ganguli, LA; Keaney, MG; Law, D; Moore, CB; Wardle, HM, 1994)
"Eight cases of severe mucosal candidiasis in patients with AIDS who were taking fluconazole at a dosage of 400-800 mg/d are described."	1.29	Clinically significant mucosal candidiasis resistant to fluconazole treatment in patients with AIDS. ( Fisher, A; Flanigan, TP; Newman, SL; Rinaldi, MG; Stein, M; Vigilante, K, 1994)
"Product-limit survival and incidence of AIDS-defining events were calculated as a function of baseline CD4 count."	1.29	Logarithmic relationship of the CD4 count to survival in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. ( Cal, SX; Haslund, I; Jockusch, JD; Loss, SD; Nightingale, SD; Peterson, DM, 1993)
"Treatment with fluconazole resulted in poor clinical and mycological response."	1.29	Fluconazole-resistant Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii in an AIDS patient. ( Bobbaers, H; Peetermans, W; Vandepitte, J; Verhaegen, J, 1993)
"The problem of cryptococcal meningitis is likely to become increasingly common as HIV infection becomes more widespread."	1.29	Cryptococcal meningitis in Lilongwe and Blantyre, Malawi. ( Maher, D; Mwandumba, H, 1994)
"The above study was intended to evaluate certain pharmacokinetic properties as well as the pharmacological activity of fluconazole in patients with cryptococcal meningitis."	1.29	[Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations on fluconazole in the management of cryptococcal meningitis]. ( Arduino, C; Bertucci, R; Leggieri, A; Milano, R; Preziosi, C; Veglio, V, 1993)
"Persons with hemophilia who receive multiple blood product transfusions from blood banks with little or no screening for infectious agents are at particularly high risk for infections with both HIV and T."	1.29	Successful treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi encephalitis in a patient with hemophilia and AIDS. ( Acuña, G; Brengues, C; Cuny, G; Labarca, J; Muñoz, S; Oddó, D; Saavedra, H; Sepúlveda, C; Solari, A; Veas, F, 1993)
"Fluconazole was administered in an oral dose of 400 mg once per day for up to 4 years (median, 37 months) in responding patients."	1.29	Fluconazole therapy for coccidioidal meningitis. The NIAID-Mycoses Study Group. ( Catanzaro, A; Cloud, GA; Friedman, BA; Galgiani, JN; Graybill, JR; Higgs, J; Larsen, RA, 1993)
"Cryptococcus neoformans infection was diagnosed from bronchoalveolar lavage bronchoscopy."	1.29	Miliary pulmonary cryptococcosis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. ( Douketis, JD; Kesten, S, 1993)
"Fluconazole has to be reserved to oral candidiasis after failure of a local treatment or to severe cases."	1.29	[Oropharyngeal candidiasis resistant to fluconazole in patients infected by HIV]. ( Barale, T; Drobacheff, C; Laurent, R; Manteaux, A; Millon, L; Reboux, G, 1996)
"Treatment with fluconazole, 200 mg/day, was introduced."	1.29	[Clinical fluconazole and itraconazole resistance of oro-gastrointestinal candidiasis in a patient with AIDS]. ( Boyvat, A; Geilen, CC; Orfanos, CE; Seibold, M; Tebbe, B; Wölfer, LU, 1996)
" A set of preestablished fluconazole usage and dosing guidelines was developed by the clinical pharmacist and the chairman of the antimicrobial subcommittee/chief of infectious disease and approved by the pharmacy and therapeutics committee."	1.29	Developing and implementing guidelines to promote appropriate use of fluconazole therapy in an AIDS clinic. ( Akpaffiong, MJ; Anassi, EO; Cate, TR; Egbunike, IG; Ike, EN, 1994)
"The use of preventive treatment for fungal infections is cautioned due to the possibility of resistance to treatment."	1.29	Fungal infection overview. ( , 1995)
"Symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis appear gradually and generally include headache, fever, or malaise."	1.29	Cryptococcosis. ( Powderly, WG, 1996)
"We present here three AIDS patients with disseminated cryptococcal infection and lung involvement."	1.28	[Pulmonary cryptococcosis in AIDS]. ( Ariza, J; Carratalà, J; Martos, A; Mascaró, J; Podzamczer, D; Santín, M, 1992)

Research

Studies (507)

Authors

Clinical Trials (23)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

6 Month Meningitis-free Survival

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	268 (52.86)	18.2507
2000's	142 (28.01)	29.6817
2010's	84 (16.57)	24.3611
2020's	13 (2.56)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Müller, FM	2
Staudigel, A	1
Salvenmoser, S	1
Tredup, A	1
Miltenberger, R	1
Herrmann, JV	1
Jarvis, JN	5
Lawrence, DS	1
Meya, DB	5
Kagimu, E	1
Kasibante, J	1
Mpoza, E	1
Rutakingirwa, MK	2
Ssebambulidde, K	1
Tugume, L	1
Rhein, J	2
Boulware, DR	10
Mwandumba, HC	1
Moyo, M	1
Mzinganjira, H	1
Kanyama, C	2
Hosseinipour, MC	4
Chawinga, C	2
Meintjes, G	7
Schutz, C	1
Comins, K	1
Singh, A	1
Muzoora, C	3
Jjunju, S	1
Nuwagira, E	1
Mosepele, M	1
Leeme, T	2
Siamisang, K	1
Ndhlovu, CE	2
Hlupeni, A	1
Mutata, C	1
van Widenfelt, E	1
Chen, T	2
Wang, D	2
Hope, W	2
Boyer-Chammard, T	1
Loyse, A	4
Molloy, SF	3
Youssouf, N	1
Lortholary, O	10
Lalloo, DG	6
Jaffar, S	7
Harrison, TS	14
Temfack, E	2
Samukawa, S	3
Yoshimi, R	3
Kojitani, N	3
Uzawa, Y	3
Takase-Minegishi, K	3
Kirino, Y	3
Soejima, Y	3
Kato, H	3
Nakajima, H	3
Loua, OO	1
Alle Akakpo, AE	1
Ouedraogo, D	1
Cissoko, Y	1
Soumaré, M	1
Konaté, I	1
Dao, S	1
Bandadi, FZ	1
Raiss, C	1
Moustachi, A	1
Lyagoubi, M	1
Aoufi, S	1
Xu, L	1
Tao, R	2
Zhao, Q	1
Cheng, J	1
Zhu, B	1
Monzani, V	1
Córdoba, S	3
Vivot, M	1
Arias, B	1
Vivot, W	2
Szusz, W	2
Castellaro, P	1
Appendino, A	1
Taverna, CG	1
Otto, SBJ	1
George, PE	1
Mercedes, R	1
Nabukeera-Barungi, N	1
Zavala, S	1
Baddley, JW	1
Lakoh, S	1
Rickman, H	1
Sesay, M	1
Kenneh, S	1
Burke, R	1
Baldeh, M	1
Jiba, DF	1
Tejan, YS	1
Boyle, S	1
Koroma, C	1
Deen, GF	1
Beynon, F	1
Williams, SC	1
Sweeney, J	1
Parameswaran, L	1
Nalintya, E	3
Rajasingham, R	5
Kirumira, P	1
Naluyima, R	1
Turya, F	1
Namanda, S	1
Skipper, CP	1
Nikweri, Y	2
Hullsiek, KH	1
Bangdiwala, AS	1
Kitonsa, J	2
Nsubuga, R	1
Mayanja, Y	2
Kiwanuka, J	2
Onyango, M	1
Anywaine, Z	2
Ggayi, AB	2
Kibengo, FM	1
Kaleebu, P	2
Day, J	2
Warrell, CE	1
Macrae, C	1
McLean, ARD	1
Wilkins, E	1
Ashley, EA	1
Smithuis, F	1
Tun, NN	1
Bremer, M	1
Kadernani, YE	1
Wasserman, S	1
Wilkinson, RJ	1
Davis, AG	1
Concha-Velasco, F	1
González-Lagos, E	1
Seas, C	1
Bustamante, B	1
Sungkanuparph, S	4
Savetamornkul, C	1
Pattanapongpaiboon, W	1
Wirth, F	1
de Azevedo, MI	1
Pilla, C	1
Aquino, VR	1
Neto, GW	1
Goldani, LZ	1
Beyene, T	1
Zewde, AG	1
Balcha, A	1
Hirpo, B	1
Yitbarik, T	1
Gebissa, T	1
Murphy, RA	1
Hatlen, TJ	1
Moosa, MS	1
Bongomin, F	1
Oladele, RO	1
Gago, S	1
Moore, CB	4
Richardson, MD	1
Heyderman, RS	3
Kouanfack, C	2
Chanda, D	1
Mfinanga, S	1
Lakhi, S	1
Lesikari, S	1
Chan, AK	1
Stone, N	1
Kalata, N	2
Karunaharan, N	1
Gaskell, K	1
Peirse, M	1
Ellis, J	1
Lontsi, S	1
Ndong, JG	1
Bright, P	1
Lupiya, D	1
Bradley, J	1
Adams, J	1
van der Horst, C	5
van Oosterhout, JJ	1
Sini, V	1
Mapoure, YN	1
Mwaba, P	2
Bicanic, T	7
Eshun-Wilson, I	2
Okwen, MP	1
Richardson, M	1
Lofgren, SM	1
Awotiwon, AA	1
Johnson, S	1
Rutherford, GW	2
Ellis, JP	1
Joekes, EC	1
Kampondeni, S	1
Benjamin, LA	1
Kiragga, AN	1
Morawski, BM	1
Park, BJ	2
Mubiru, A	1
Kaplan, JE	1
Manabe, YC	1
Faini, D	1
Kalinjuma, AV	1
Katende, A	1
Mbwaji, G	1
Mnzava, D	1
Nyuri, A	1
Glass, TR	1
Furrer, H	1
Hatz, C	1
Letang, E	2
Castillo-Martínez, NA	1
Mouriño-Pérez, RR	1
Cornejo-Bravo, JM	1
Gaitán-Cepeda, LA	1
Sivaraj, V	1
Kulasegaram, R	1
Rickaby, W	1
Dwyer, E	1
Tambe, S	1
Zambare, U	1
Nayak, C	1
Aling, E	1
Namutundu, J	1
Kibengo, F	1
Kiwanuka, N	1
Lin, AY	1
Chun, V	1
Dhamija, A	1
Bordin-Wosk, T	1
Kadakia, A	1
Bratton, EW	1
El Husseini, N	1
Chastain, CA	1
Lee, MS	1
Poole, C	1
Stürmer, T	1
Weber, DJ	1
Juliano, JJ	1
Perfect, JR	3
Patel, SS	2
Cardile, AP	1
Trpković, A	1
Pekmezović, M	1
Barać, A	1
Crnčević Radović, L	1
Arsić Arsenijević, V	1
Escandón, P	1
de Bedout, C	1
Lizarazo, J	1
Agudelo, CI	1
Tobón, A	1
Bello, S	1
Restrepo, A	1
Castañeda, E	1
Dromer, F	4
Demiraslan, H	1
Alabay, S	1
Kilic, AU	1
Borlu, M	1
Doganay, M	1
Minta, DK	1
Traoré, AM	1
Coulibaly, I	1
Diallo, K	1
Soukho-Kaya, A	1
Dolo, A	1
Kamaté, B	1
Ouologuem, DS	1
Dembélé, M	1
Traoré, HA	1
Chabasse, D	1
Pichard, E	1
Ho, MW	1
Yang, YL	3
Lin, CC	2
Chi, CY	1
Chen, HT	2
Lin, PC	1
Hsieh, LY	2
Chou, CH	1
Chu, WL	2
Wu, CP	1
Lauderdale, TL	2
Lo, HJ	3
Jiang, L	1
Yong, X	1
Li, R	2
Peng, Y	1
Liu, W	1
Qin, Q	1
Zhang, L	1
Liu, Z	1
Liang, H	1
Mosha, F	1
Ledwaba, J	1
Ndugulile, F	1
Ng'ang'a, Z	1
Nsubuga, P	1
Morris, L	1
Kasubi, M	1
Swai, A	1
Vercauteren, J	1
Vandamme, AM	1
Mahabeer, Y	1
Chang, CC	1
Naidu, D	1
Dorasamy, A	1
Lewin, S	1
Ndung'u, T	1
Moosa, MY	1
French, M	1
Mlisana, K	1
Coovadia, Y	1
Gaskell, KM	1
Rothe, C	1
Gnanadurai, R	1
Goodson, P	1
Jassi, C	1
Allain, TJ	1
Sloan, DJ	2
Feasey, NA	1
Kammalac Ngouana, T	1
Dongtsa, J	1
Tonfack, C	1
Fomena, S	1
Mallié, M	4
Delaporte, E	1
Boyom, FF	1
Bertout, S	1
Katchanov, J	2
Blechschmidt, C	1
Nielsen, K	1
Branding, G	2
Arastéh, K	2
Tintelnot, K	3
Stocker, H	2
Jefferys, L	1
Siebert, E	1
Sharifzadeh, A	2
Khosravi, AR	2
Shokri, H	2
Sharafi, G	1
Molefi, M	1
Chofle, AA	1
Kalluvya, S	1
Changalucha, JM	1
Cainelli, F	1
Lekwape, N	1
Goldberg, DW	1
Haverkamp, M	1
Bisson, GP	1
Fenner, L	1
Burton, R	1
Makadzange, T	1
Yao, Y	1
Zhang, JT	1
Yan, B	1
Gao, T	1
Xing, XW	1
Tian, CL	1
Huang, XS	1
Yu, SY	1
Salari, S	1
Mousavi, SA	1
Nikbakht-Brojeni, GH	1
Isla, MG	1
Altamirano, R	1
Davel, G	2
Yeung, VA	1
Azzam, R	1
Dendle, C	1
Graham, M	1
Woolley, IJ	1
Korman, TM	1
Merry, M	1
Vidya, KM	1
Rao, UK	1
Nittayananta, W	1
Liu, H	1
Owotade, FJ	1
Ouadi, Z	1
Akhdari, N	1
Hocar, O	1
Amal, S	1
Tassi, N	1
Acar, M	1
Sütçü, M	1
Aktürk, H	1
Hançerli Törün, S	1
Karagöz, N	1
Beka, H	1
Yekeler, E	1
Ağaçfidan, A	1
Salman, N	1
Somer, A	1
Kouakou, GA	1
Ello, NF	1
Kassi, NA	1
Keita, M	1
Doumbia, A	1
Mossou, C	1
Kassi, FK	1
Tanon, A	1
Ehui, E	1
Eholié, SP	1
Lofgren, S	1
Abassi, M	1
Nadagir, SD	1
Chunchanur, SK	1
Halesh, LH	1
Yasmeen, K	1
Chandrasekhar, MR	1
Patil, BS	1
Umamaheswari, K	2
Menon, T	2
Longley, N	3
Taseera, K	2
Mwesigye, J	2
Rwebembera, J	1
Chakera, A	1
Wall, E	1
Andia, I	1
Seilmaier, M	1
Hecht, A	1
Guggemos, W	1
Rüdisser, K	1
Kingkaew, N	1
Sangtong, B	1
Amnuaiphon, W	1
Jongpaibulpatana, J	1
Mankatittham, W	1
Akksilp, S	1
Sirinak, C	1
Nateniyom, S	1
Burapat, C	1
Kittikraisak, W	1
Monkongdee, P	1
Varma, JK	1
Makombe, SD	1
Nkhata, A	1
Schouten, EJ	1
Kamoto, K	1
Harries, AD	1
Seddon, J	1
Mangeya, N	1
Miller, RF	1
Corbett, EL	1
Ferrand, RA	1
Enwuru, CA	1
Ogunledun, A	1
Idika, N	1
Enwuru, NV	1
Ogbonna, F	1
Aniedobe, M	1
Adeiga, A	1
Kaouech, E	1
Kallel, K	2
Belhadj, S	2
Anane, S	1
Ben Châabane, T	1
Ben Fadhl, K	1
Khedher, A	1
Meddeb, B	1
Ben Lakhal, S	1
Chaker, E	2
Mehta, V	1
De, A	1
Balachandran, C	1
Monga, P	1
Biagetti, C	1
Nicola, M	1
Borderi, M	1
Pavoni, M	1
Tampellini, L	1
Verucchi, G	1
Chiodo, F	4
Dedicoat, MJ	1
Brouwer, AE	3
Rebe, K	2
Jarvis, J	1
Bekker, LG	3
Wood, R	3
Limmathurotsakul, D	1
Chierakul, W	2
Stepniewska, K	1
White, NJ	2
Filler, SG	3
Chetchotisakd, P	4
Pappas, PG	1
Nolen, TL	2
Manosuthi, W	2
Anekthananon, T	1
Morris, MI	1
Supparatpinyo, K	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Cryptococcal Antigen Screening Plus Sertraline[NCT03002012]	Phase 3	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-15	Terminated (stopped due to SAEs with n=1 serotonin syndrome, n=2 SAEs after sertraline interruption.)
Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy for Opportunistic Fungal Infections in AIDS Patients[NCT05153005]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-04-01	Recruiting
Operational Research for Cryptococcal Antigen Screening to Improve ART Survival[NCT01535469]	Phase 4	3,049 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-01	Completed
A Randomized Trial of Tamoxifen Combined With Amphotericin B and Fluconazole for Cryptococcal Meningitis[NCT03112031]	Phase 2	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-10	Completed
A Phase I/II Dose-Finding Study of High-Dose Fluconazole Treatment in AIDS-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis[NCT00885703]	Phase 1/Phase 2	168 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-16	Completed
A Phase II Randomized Trial of Amphotericin B Alone or Combined With Fluconazole in the Treatment of AIDS-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis[NCT00145249]	Phase 2	143 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
PROCAS: Study Observational Prospective and Multicenter to Determine the Clinic Effectiveness and the Safety of Caspofungin Acetate (CANCIDAS®) in the Treatment of Invader Fungal Infection[NCT00388167]		320 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2004-03-31	Completed
A Pilot Study of Fluconazole Plus Flucytosine for the Treatment of AIDS Patients With Acute Cryptococcal Meningitis.[NCT00002113]		64 participants	Interventional		Completed
Randomized Comparative Study of Fluconazole Versus Clotrimazole Troches in the Prevention of Serious Fungal Infection in Patients With AIDS or Advanced AIDS-Related Complex. (A Nested Study of ACTG 081)[NCT00000676]	Phase 3	500 participants	Interventional		Completed
Fluconazole Prophylaxis of Thrush in AIDS[NCT00001542]	Phase 4	80 participants	Interventional	1996-07-31	Completed
An Open Multicenter Trial of Fluconazole Oral Suspension in the Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis in Immunocompromised Patients[NCT00002339]	Phase 3	100 participants	Interventional		Completed
Multi-center Comparison of Fluconazole (UK-49,858) and Amphotericin B as Treatment for Acute Cryptococcal Meningitis[NCT00000708]		120 participants	Interventional		Completed
Comparison of Fluconazole (UK-49,858) and Amphotericin B for Maintenance Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome[NCT00001017]	Phase 3	330 participants	Interventional		Completed
Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Study of Itraconazole Oral Solution Versus Fluconazole Tablets for the Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis.[NCT00002132]		0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomized Double Blind Protocol Comparing Amphotericin B With Flucytosine to Amphotericin B Alone Followed by a Comparison of Fluconazole and Itraconazole in the Treatment of Acute Cryptococcal Meningitis[NCT00000639]		400 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomized, Prospective, Double-Blind Study Comparing Fluconazole With Placebo for Primary and Secondary Prophylaxis of Mucosal Candidiasis in HIV-Infected Women[NCT00000744]		400 participants	Interventional		Completed
Pilot Study to Determine the Feasibility of Fluconazole for Induction Treatment and Suppression of Relapse of Histoplasmosis in Patients With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome[NCT00000627]		90 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Comparative Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Clarithromycin Versus Rifabutin Versus the Combination of Clarithromycin Plus Rifabutin for the Prevention of Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Bacteremia or Disseminated MAC Disea[NCT00001030]	Phase 3	1,100 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Three-Arm Study Comparing Combination to Monthly Alternating Nucleoside Therapy for the Treatment of Advanced HIV Disease (CD4 <= 50/mm3) With a Prior History of Nucleoside Therapy[NCT00001029]	Phase 2	654 participants	Interventional		Completed
Incidence of Oral Candidiasis, Prevalence of Candida Dubliniensis in HIV Patients and In-vitro Azole Susceptibility. (I.C.O.N.I.C.)[NCT00692783]		10 participants (Actual)	Observational	2008-05-31	Terminated (stopped due to Dr. Vindas completed his fellowship + low enrollment)
Effect of Fluconazole, Clarithromycin, and Rifabutin on the Pharmacokinetics of Sulfamethoxazole and Dapsone and Their Hydroxylamine Metabolites[NCT00000826]	Phase 1	48 participants	Interventional		Completed
Flow Cytometry Study of T Cell Responses to HIV Vaccines[NCT00068978]		200 participants	Observational	2003-04-30	Completed
A Phase IV Randomized Study of the Use of Fluconazole as Chronic Suppressive Therapy Versus Episodic Therapy in HIV Positive Subjects With Recurrent Oropharyngeal Candidiasis[NCT00000951]	Phase 4	948 participants	Interventional		Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"Cryptococcal meningitis free survival with retention-in-care through 6 months~Those who die of any cause are failures~Those developing symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis are failures~Those lost to follow up and unable to be tracked are considered failures" (NCT03002012)
Timeframe: 6 months

6-month Survival

All-Cause Premature Study Drug/Placebo Discontinuation

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sertraline	11
Control	9

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sertraline	11
Control	10

Number of participants whose study drug/placebo use was halted prematurely due to any cause through 6 months (NCT03002012)
Timeframe: 6 months

Cumulative Incidence of Symptomatic Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sertraline	1
Control	0

Cumulative incidence of symptomatic cryptococcal meningoencephalitis through 6 months (NCT03002012)
Timeframe: 6 months

Number of Clinical Adverse Events (Grade 3-5)

Intervention	meningitis events (Number)
Sertraline	0
Control	1

Number of Clinical Adverse Events by Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Scale for Grade 3-5 events through 6 months (NCT03002012)
Timeframe: 6 months

Number of Laboratory Grade 3-5 Adverse Events

Intervention	number of grade 3-5 adverse events (Number)
Sertraline	4
Control	2

Number of Laboratory Grade 3-5 Adverse Events through 6 months as per the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) grading scale (NCT03002012)
Timeframe: 6 months

Adherence to Study Drug

Intervention	number of grade 3-5 adverse events (Number)
Sertraline	4
Control	1

Participants' percent adherence to study drug regiment by pharmacy medication counts, representing the percent of the total prescribed medication taken by participants. (NCT03002012)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Prevalence of Depression by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Over Time

Intervention	Percent of total prescribed medication t (Median)
	Week 2	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
Control	100	100	100	100
Sertraline	100	100	97	89

Prevalence of depression by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) over 6 months as measured at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. The PHQ-9 is a 9-item instrument for screening, diagnosing, monitoring, and measuring the severity of depression. Items are rated on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Total score is a sum of 9 item scores (Range 0-27). Greater scores indicate greater depressive symptoms. PHQ-9 scores of: 0-4 Minimal/No depression; 5-9 Mild depression; 10-14 Moderate depression; 15-19 Moderate severe depression; 20-27 Severe depression. This endpoint reports the median (interquartile range) of the PHQ-9 scores over time. (NCT03002012)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Change in Log10 Quantitative CSF Culture Results

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	Week 4	Week 8	Week 12
Control	5	3	2
Sertraline	5	6	2

"Change in quantitative CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) cultures.~Note: No further CSF specimens are drawn following a negative culture. Thus, only week 2 CSF cultures are considered in this analysis." (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Entry and Week 2

Kaplan Meier (KM) Proportion of Participant Mortality

Intervention	Log10 CFU/mL (Median)
Fluconazole 1200mg	-1.51
Fluconazole 1600mg	-2.51
Fluconazole 2000mg	-1.78
Ampho B	-2.81

Kaplan Meier Proportion of participants who died over study with 90% Confidence Intervals. (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 24

Length of Hospitalization

Intervention	proportion of participants (Number)
Fluconazole 1200mg	0.41
Fluconazole 1600mg	0.30
Fluconazole 2000mg	0.36
Ampho B	0.24

Duration of first hospitalization in days starting at entry in safety population. (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 10

Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study-provided High Dose Fluconazole or Ampho B

Intervention	Days (Median)
Fluconazole 1200mg	15
Fluconazole 1600mg	17.5
Fluconazole 2000mg	18
Ampho B	18.5

"Discontinuation of study-provided high dose fluconazole at or by week 10 Discontinuation of study-provided ampho B at or by week 2~Discontinuation includes discontinuing for any reason, including progression of symptoms, death, etc." (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week10

Number of Participants With CNS IRIS

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Stage 1, Fluconazole 1200mg	14
Stage 1, Fluconazole 1600mg	11
Stage 1, Fluconazole 2000mg	11
Stage 1, Ampho B	6
Stage 2, Fluconazole 1600mg	12
Stage 2, Fluconazole 2000mg	13
Stage 2, Ampho B	6

Number of participants who were diagnosed with CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 24

Number of Participants With Progression of Symptoms

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Fluconazole 1200mg	1
Fluconazole 1600mg	0
Fluconazole 2000mg	0
Ampho B	1

"Progression of symptoms is defined as:~Died (including early deaths)~Discontinued Fluconazole and started ampho B~Had a positive cryptococcal culture at week 10~Microbiological Failure (i.e., relapse of CM)~Complication of CM (e.g., obstructive hydrocephalus or vascular complications such as venous or arterial thrombosis)~CM IRIS causing increased inflammation after ART exposure~New CNS Ol (e.g., toxoplasmosis, PML, CNS lymphoma)~Possibly related to CM but mechanism indeterminate~Other defined complication unrelated to CM" (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 24

Number of Participants With Grade 3 and 4 Adverse Events

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Fluconazole 1200mg	14
Fluconazole 1600mg	21
Fluconazole 2000mg	24
Ampho B	19

"Occurrence of grade 3 (severe) and 4 (life-threatening) sign and symptoms events (as defined by FSTRF Appendix 29)~Occurrence of grade 3 (severe) and 4 (life-threatening) laboratory events (as defined by FSTRF Appendix 76)~See DAIDS AE Grading table V1.0" (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through Week 24

Results of Functional Status Evaluation

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Sign/Symptom Events	Laboratory Events
Ampho B	24	30
Fluconazole 1200mg	16	12
Fluconazole 1600mg	23	27
Fluconazole 2000mg	32	26

"Functional assessment of work status and ability. Consists of 2 measures: 1) Does participants have full time work status 2) Does participant have functional ability to work.~The measure from 6 week before enrollment will be referred to as 'baseline'." (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Measured 6 weeks before enrollment, at study entry, at Week 10, and at Week 24

Categorized Quantitative Culture Results

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Baseline Had full time work status	Entry Had full time work status	Week 10 Had full time work status	Week 24 Had full time work status	Baseline Had functional ability to work	Entry Had functional ability to work	Week 10 Had functional ability to work	Week 24 Had functional ability to work
Ampho B	42	9	13	22	38	7	15	24
Fluconazole 1200mg	18	3	3	7	16	1	4	7
Fluconazole 1600mg	41	9	16	18	41	8	18	19
Fluconazole 2000mg	36	8	9	17	32	3	9	16

Count of participants who were CM negative (had no cryptococcal growth), CM negative after switching treatment (switched from Fluconazole to Ampho B or vice versa and later became CM negative), CM positive, Died, Lost to follow-up. Note: CM positive means continued to have cryptococcal growth. (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: At entry, Week 2, and Week 10

Results of the Neurological Examination

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Week 072337496	Week 072337498	Week 072337499	Week 072337497	Week 272337496	Week 272337497	Week 272337498	Week 272337499	Week 1072337496	Week 1072337497	Week 1072337498	Week 1072337499
	CM Negative after switching treatment	Died	Lost to Follow-up	CM Positive	CM Negative
Fluconazole 1200mg	20
Fluconazole 1600mg	45
Fluconazole 2000mg	43
Ampho B	46
Fluconazole 1200mg	0
Fluconazole 2000mg	0
Ampho B	0
Fluconazole 1600mg	0
Fluconazole 1200mg	12
Fluconazole 1600mg	27
Fluconazole 2000mg	27
Ampho B	29
Fluconazole 1600mg	12
Fluconazole 2000mg	10
Ampho B	13
Fluconazole 1200mg	5
Fluconazole 1600mg	6
Fluconazole 2000mg	6
Ampho B	4
Fluconazole 1200mg	3
Fluconazole 1600mg	4
Fluconazole 2000mg	3
Ampho B	2
Fluconazole 1200mg	8
Fluconazole 1600mg	24
Fluconazole 2000mg	22
Ampho B	37
Fluconazole 1200mg	1
Fluconazole 2000mg	5
Fluconazole 1600mg	10
Fluconazole 2000mg	12
Ampho B	5
Fluconazole 1600mg	3
Fluconazole 2000mg	1
Ampho B	1

Results from Glasgow Coma Score, which provides assessment of impairment of conscious level in response to defined stimuli. Min score of 0 and max score of 15 (no mental impairment). (NCT00885703)
Timeframe: Measured at study entry, Week 2, and Week 10

Mean Change in Neurological Exam Score From Baseline - Day 14

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Week 072337496	Week 072337497	Week 072337498	Week 072337499	Week 272337496	Week 272337497	Week 272337498	Week 272337499	Week 1072337497	Week 1072337498	Week 1072337496	Week 1072337499
	Score = 15	Score < 15
Fluconazole 1200mg	5
Fluconazole 1600mg	5
Fluconazole 2000mg	5
Ampho B	1
Fluconazole 1200mg	17
Fluconazole 1600mg	45
Fluconazole 2000mg	42
Ampho B	47
Fluconazole 1200mg	2
Fluconazole 1600mg	4
Fluconazole 2000mg	4
Ampho B	5
Fluconazole 1200mg	15
Fluconazole 1600mg	38
Fluconazole 2000mg	36
Ampho B	38
Fluconazole 1200mg	1
Fluconazole 1600mg	1
Fluconazole 2000mg	1
Ampho B	0
Fluconazole 1200mg	11
Fluconazole 1600mg	33
Fluconazole 2000mg	26
Ampho B	34

Neurological assessment by Mini-mental Status Exam (MMSE). This is collected as a continuous variable with values from 0-30; where lower scores indicate greater impairment. (NCT00145249)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 14

Mean Change in Neurological Exam Score From Baseline - Day 168

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
AmphoB Standard	0.5
AmphoB+Fluc400	2.1
AmphoB + Fluc800	3.5

Mean Change in Neurological Exam Score From Baseline - Day 42

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
AmphoB Standard	2.0
AmphoB+Fluc400	2.8
AmphoB + Fluc800	4.4

Mean Change in Neurological Exam Score From Baseline - Day 70

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
AmphoB Standard	1.6
AmphoB+Fluc400	1.8
AmphoB + Fluc800	3.3

Mean Days of Hospitalization

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
AmphoB Standard	1.5
AmphoB+Fluc400	2.2
AmphoB + Fluc800	4.2

Mean days of hospitalization. Includes days subject was hospitalized prior to study enrollment for current hospital stay. (NCT00145249)
Timeframe: 7, 14, 42, and 70 days

Number of Deaths

Intervention	Days (Mean)
	Day 7	Day 14	Day 42	Day 70
AmphoB + Fluc800	8.1	13.6	16.5	16.6
AmphoB Standard	8.9	15.4	16.3	16.7
AmphoB+Fluc400	8.8	15.1	17.4	20.1

"Number of deaths occurring on study.~Day = Day relative to the first dose of study drug." (NCT00145249)
Timeframe: 14, 42, and 70 days

Number of Dose-limiting Toxicities Attributed to Treatment Regimens

Intervention	Subjects (Number)
	All Deaths	Day 1-14	Day 15-42	Day 43-70	Day >70
AmphoB + Fluc800	9	1	1	5	2
AmphoB Standard	10	3	3	1	3
AmphoB+Fluc400	8	2	2	2	2

"Events are reported by MedDRA Preferred Term.~Dose limiting toxicities include events that resulted in study drug being adjusted, interrupted, or discontinued." (NCT00145249)
Timeframe: Day 100

Number of Grade 3-5 Adverse Experiences That Are Definitely or Probably Related to Study Drug

Intervention	Events (Number)
	All Events	Blood creatinine increased	Creatinine renal clearance decreased	Creatinine renal clearance increased	Renal failure	Renal failure acute	Azotaemia	Renal impairment	Nausea	Vomiting	Drug intolerance	Chills	Neutropenia	Hepatitis acute	Pneumonia	Dehydration	Respiratory failure
AmphoB + Fluc800	14	1	2	2	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	1
AmphoB Standard	6	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
AmphoB+Fluc400	7	1	1	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0

"Events are reported by MedDRA Preferred Term.~Grade 3 - Severe. Incapacitating; inability to perform usual activities and daily tasks; significantly affects clinical status; requires therapeutic intervention.~Grade 4 - Life-threatening. AE is life-threatening.~Grade 5 - Death. AE causes death." (NCT00145249)
Timeframe: Day 100

Number of Subjects Meeting the Key Efficacy Endpoint of Treatment Success

Intervention	Events (Number)
	Hypomagnesaemia	Hypokalaemia	Anaemia	Drug intolerance	Creatinine renal clearance increased	Psychotic disorder
AmphoB + Fluc800	0	1	0	0	1	1
AmphoB Standard	2	0	1	1	0	0
AmphoB+Fluc400	1	0	1	0	0	0

Treatment success is defined as a composite of the 3 mycologic and clinical measures: CSF culture conversion; neurologically stable or improved; and alive (NCT00145249)
Timeframe: 14, 42, and 70 days

Number of Subjects Reporting Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)

Intervention	Subjects (Number)
	Day 14 - Success	Day 42 - Success	Day 70 - Success
AmphoB + Fluc800	22	33	32
AmphoB Standard	19	33	33
AmphoB+Fluc400	13	35	36

"Number of subjects reporting immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) following treatment.~Day = Day relative to first dose of study drug" (NCT00145249)
Timeframe: 14, 42, and 70 days

Number of Subjects With Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Culture Conversion at Multiple Time Points

Intervention	Subjects (Number)
	Day 1 through 70	Day 1-14	Day 15-42	Day 43-70
AmphoB + Fluc800	1	0	0	1
AmphoB Standard	2	0	1	1
AmphoB+Fluc400	0	0	0	0

Number of subjects that have a negative fungal culture at Baseline, Day 14, Day 42, and Day 70. (NCT00145249)
Timeframe: Baseline, 14, 42, and 70 days

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

370 other studies available for fluconazole and AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections

Article	Year
Cryptococcosis. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 2020, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Cryptococcosis; Fluconazol	2020
Strategies for the diagnosis and management of meningitis in HIV-infected adults in resource limited settings. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2021, Volume: 22, Issue:15 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Fluconazole; HIV Infections; Humans	2021
A systematic review of fluconazole resistance in clinical isolates of Cryptococcus species. Mycoses, 2018, Volume: 61, Issue:5 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; D	2018
Early versus delayed antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive people with cryptococcal meningitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 07-24, Volume: 7 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Anti-HIV Agents; Antifungal Agents; Cause of	2018
Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV-positive people. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 08-29, Volume: 8 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Cause of Death; CD4 Lympho	2018
Flucytosine and cryptococcosis: time to urgently address the worldwide accessibility of a 50-year-old antifungal. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:11 Topics: Africa; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Asia; Fluconazole;	2013
Oral mycoses and other opportunistic infections in HIV: therapy and emerging problems - a workshop report. Oral diseases, 2016, Volume: 22 Suppl 1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Oral; Carrier State;	2016
Recent advances in AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis treatment with an emphasis on resource limited settings. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 2017, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Anti-HIV	2017
Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in resource limited settings. Current opinion in infectious diseases, 2009, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Developing Countries; Fluc	2009
Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with intravenous pentamidine and oral fluconazole in an HIV-positive patient with chronic renal failure--a case report and brief review of the literature. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2010, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Therapy, Com	2010
HIV: primary and secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. BMJ clinical evidence, 2010, Jun-28, Volume: 2010 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Fluconazole; HIV Infections; Humans; Isoniazid; Opportunistic	2010
Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Aug-10, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrima	2011
New insights in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. Current HIV/AIDS reports, 2012, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifunga	2012
Itraconazole solution: summary of pharmacokinetic features and review of activity in the treatment of fluconazole-resistant oral candidosis in HIV-infected persons. Pharmacological research, 2002, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis	2002
Diagnosis and management of infectious esophagitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002), 2002,Spring, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antifungal Agents; Diagnosis, Differe	2002
[Disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS in an Argentine hospital: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment]. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica, 2004, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Argenti	2004
Cerebral infarction related to cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-infected patient: case report and literature review. The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 2004, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Cerebral Infarction	2004
Cryptococcal meningitis. British medical bulletin, 2004, Volume: 72 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination;	2004
Antifungal interventions for the primary prevention of cryptococcal disease in adults with HIV. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2005, Jul-20, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Cryptococcosis; Fluconazole; Humans	2005
Lumbar drainage for control of raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cryptococcal meningitis: case report and review. The Journal of infection, 2005, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Cerebrospinal Fluid	2005
Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: report of four cases in three patients and review of the literature. The Journal of infection, 2005, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; An	2005
[Therapy of candidiasis and cryptococcosis in AIDS]. Mycoses, 1994, Volume: 37 Suppl 2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Cryptococc	1994
[Therapy of systemic candidiasis]. Mycoses, 1994, Volume: 37 Suppl 2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Burns; Candidiasis; Flucon	1994
Can we prevent azole resistance in fungi? Lancet (London, England), 1995, Aug-19, Volume: 346, Issue:8973 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Azoles; Candida; Candidiasis; Drug Resista	1995
Cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1993, Oct-15, Volume: 28, Issue:10 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Carbon; Coloring Agents	1993
Resistant candidiasis. AIDS research and human retroviruses, 1994, Volume: 10, Issue:8 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Drug Resistance, Mic	1994
The role of azoles in the treatment and prophylaxis of cryptococcal disease in HIV infection. AIDS (London, England), 1994, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Cryptococcosis; Fluconazole; Fungemia; Humans	1994
Oral histoplasmosis in a patient infected with HIV. A case report. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology, 1994, Volume: 77, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Fluconazole; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Male; Metronidazo	1994
Fluconazole-induced symptomatic phenytoin toxicity. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1994, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Drug Interactions; Fluconazole; Humans; Male;	1994
Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection as an imported disease in HIV-1 infected patients. Description of two cases and a review of the literature. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 1994, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Asia, Southeastern; Diagnosis, Differe	1994
Cryptococcal meningitis and AIDS. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1993, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Clinical Tr	1993
Pharmacotherapy of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1993, Volume: 27, Issue:12 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1993
The management of cryptococcal disease in patients with AIDS. Current clinical topics in infectious diseases, 1993, Volume: 13 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Central Nervous System Dis	1993
Fluconazole resistance in Candida in patients with AIDS--a therapeutic approach. The Journal of infection, 1993, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Drug Resistance, Mic	1993
Fluconazole. An update of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in major superficial and systemic mycoses in immunocompromised patients. Drugs, 1995, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Antifungal Agent	1995
Disseminated histoplasmosis in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1995, Volume: 21 Suppl 1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Fluconazole; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Incid	1995
Subacute mitochondrial liver disease in a patient with AIDS: possible relationship to prolonged fluconazole administration. The American journal of gastroenterology, 1996, Volume: 91, Issue:1 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Acute Disease; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Ant	1996
Recent advances in the management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1996, Volume: 22 Suppl 2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1996
Recent advances in the management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1996, Volume: 22 Suppl 2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1996
Recent advances in the management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1996, Volume: 22 Suppl 2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1996
Recent advances in the management of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1996, Volume: 22 Suppl 2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1996
Is antifungal susceptibility testing useful in guiding fluconazole therapy? Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1996, Volume: 22 Suppl 2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Fluconazole; Fungi; Humans; I	1996
[Fluconazole (Diflucan): its clinical spectrum and development]. Revista clinica espanola, 1997, Volume: 197 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Child; Cryptococ	1997
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection in patients with HIV or AIDS. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 1997, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antifungal Age	1997
Candidal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: analysis of 14 cases. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1997, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Female	1997
[High-dose therapy with fluconazole > or = 800 mg/day. Review]. Mycoses, 1997, Volume: 40 Suppl 1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Dose-Respo	1997
[Changes in epidemiology of opportunistic infections due to Candida]. Revista clinica espanola, 1995, Volume: 195 Suppl 3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Blood; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Candid	1995
[New aspects of infections caused by Aspergillus and Mucor and other filamentous fungi in immunosuppressed patients]. Revista clinica espanola, 1995, Volume: 195 Suppl 3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Bone Marrow	1995
[Treatment of cryptococcosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. Revista clinica espanola, 1995, Volume: 195 Suppl 3 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Clinical T	1995
[Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infections caused by fungi in HIV-positive patients]. Revista clinica espanola, 1995, Volume: 195 Suppl 3 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Cand	1995
[Antifungal agent resistance of yeasts of clinical significance]. Revista clinica espanola, 1995, Volume: 195 Suppl 3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Azoles; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Dru	1995
Preventing and treating azole-resistant oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998, Feb-01, Volume: 55, Issue:3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Drug Resistance, Microb	1998
Refractory mucosal candidiasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1998, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; F	1998
Refractory mucosal candidiasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1998, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; F	1998
Refractory mucosal candidiasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1998, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; F	1998
Refractory mucosal candidiasis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1998, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; F	1998
Antifungal agents. Part II. The azoles. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 1999, Volume: 74, Issue:1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Azoles; Drug Interactions; Fluconazole; Hu	1999
The challenge of invasive fungal infection. Chemotherapy, 1999, Volume: 45 Suppl 1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Candidiasis	1999
[The efficacy of sequential treatment with amphotericin B-fluorocytosine and fluconazole in cryptococcal meningitis not associated with AIDS]. Revista clinica espanola, 1999, Volume: 199, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Drug Therapy, Combin	1999
Current approach to the acute management of cryptococcal infections. The Journal of infection, 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cryp	2000
A systematic review of the effectiveness of antifungal drugs for the prevention and treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis,	2001
Oral candidal infections and antimycotics. Critical reviews in oral biology and medicine : an official publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists, 2000, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agen	2000
The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2002, Jul-18, Volume: 1587, Issue:2-3 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Drug Resist	2002
Cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS. The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluconazole; Flucy	1992

Article	Year
Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis. The New England journal of medicine, 2022, 03-24, Volume: 386, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Oral; Africa South of the Sahara; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphoterici	2022
Adjunctive sertraline for asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia: A randomized clinical trial. Medical mycology, 2020, Nov-10, Volume: 58, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Fungal; Asymptomatic Infe	2020
Determinants of two-year mortality among HIV positive patients with Cryptococcal meningitis initiating standard antifungal treatment with or without adjunctive dexamethasone in Uganda. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antifungal A	2020
Antifungal Combinations for Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Africa. The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 03-15, Volume: 378, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Africa; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Antifung	2018
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Intervention	Subjects (Number)
	Baseline - Negative	Day 14 - Negative	Day 42 - Negative	Day 70 - Negative
AmphoB + Fluc800	0	22	36	38
AmphoB Standard	0	20	35	36
AmphoB+Fluc400	0	13	37	39