flavin-mononucleotide and Diabetes-Mellitus--Type-2

The study involved 97 patients with severe diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) subcompensated type 2 diabetes. All patients were available mediacalcification foot and lower leg arteries of different severity. Depending on the treatment, all patients were divided into 2 groups by stratified randomization. The І group received standard therapy, which is indicated for the DFS. A ІІ group of patients additionally received basic therapy drug Cytoflavin 10 ml 0,9% NaCl 200 ml for 10 days, followed by transfer to tablet form Cytoflavin 2 tablets 2 times per day orally for one month. We noted a positive trend of treatment of patients who, in addition to standard therapy received the drug Cytoflavin. Thus, the use of complex surgical treatment of patients with mixed form of DFS Cytoflavin reduces the severity of distal polyneuropathy, improves oxygenation of tissues and restores the enzyme activity of antioxidant system, that manifested neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-hypoxic effects of drugs, which substantiates the indications for its use in the this pathology.

Topics: Antioxidants; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Foot; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Foot; Humans; Inosine Diphosphate; Leg; Male; Monckeberg Medial Calcific Sclerosis; Neuroprotective Agents; Niacinamide; Succinates

Authors studied the efficacy of cytoflavin in the correction of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the drug influence on the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in blood serum. The results of treatment and examination of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosis have been analyzed. The majority (49-81.6%) of patients initially exhibited light (35-71.4%) and moderate (14-28.6%) cognitive impairments. All patients received standard treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs: metformin monotherapy (26 patients or 43.3%) and combined therapy (metformin + gliclazide, 34 patients or 56.6%). In addition, 30 patients (main group) received a complex metabolic drug cytoflavin daily intravenously (10 mL in 200 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride) for 10 days with transition to the tablet form in a dose of 2 tablets (with 0.6 succinic acid, 0.1 riboxin, 0:05 nicotinamide, 0.01 riboflavin) two times a day for 25 days. The control group (n = 30) consisted of patients who received only basic hypoglycemic therapy. The inclusion of cytoflavin in the scheme of complex treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes ensured a more effective correction of cognitive impairments as compared to the group receiving basic therapy. This is confirmed by the results of neuropsychological testing (MoCA test) and improved optical and spatial activity, attention, abstract thinking, and memory on the average by 14.2% compared to the value before treatment (p < 0.01) in patients of standard treatment group. Patients in the control group showed positive dynamics of same parameters amounted on the average to 7.9%. The study of BDNF in the blood serum showed a significant increase in this index over time in patients who have received cytoflavin (from 1475.13 + 421.26 pg/ml to 1839.44 + 494.78 pg/mL, p < 0.01) in contrast to the control group (1625.41 + 322.53 pg/mL to 1592.04 + 373.47 pg/mL) and revealed positive correlation between the MoCA test and BDNF level in the blood serum for optico-spatial activity (r = 0.589, p < 0.01), naming (animals) (r = 0.346, p < 0.01), attention (r = 0.401, p < 0.01), memory (r=0.595, p< 0.01) and total rating in the test (r = 0.708, p < 0.01). In addition, a negative correlation was revealed between the level of carbohydrate metabolism (HbA1c) and BDNF levels in the blood serum (r = -0.494, p < 0.01) in both groups.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Inosine Diphosphate; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Succinates

The study involved 60 patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) with severe subcompensated diabetes type II. All patients were available mediacalcification foot and lower leg arteries of different severity. Depending on the treatment, all patients were divided into 2 groups by stratified randomization. The first group received basic therapy that is indicated for DFS which included antibiotics, vessels extending drugs neuroprotective and detoxification facilities. The second group of patients in addition to basic therapy received the drug cytoflavin 10 ml 0.9% NaCl 200 ml for 10 days, followed by transfer to the tablet form cytoflavin 2 tablets 2 times a day orally for 1 month. We noted a positive trend treat patients in addition to standard therapy received the drug cytoflavin, resulting in a marked neuroprotective, antihypoxant and antioxidant effects of the drug. Thus, the use of complex surgical treatment of patients with mixed form DFS cytoflavin reduces the severity of distal polyneuropathy, improves tissue oxygenation and restores the activity of antioxidant enzymes system, manifested a marked neuroprotective, anti-hypoxic and antioxidant effects of drugs and indications to justify its use in this condition.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Arteries; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Foot; Drug Combinations; Drug Monitoring; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Inosine Diphosphate; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroprotective Agents; Niacinamide; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Severity of Illness Index; Succinates; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Calcification; Vasodilator Agents

MitoNEET is the first iron-sulfur protein found in mitochondrial outer membrane. Abnormal expression of mitoNEET in cells has been linked to several types of cancer, type II diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Structurally, mitoNEET is anchored to mitochondrial outer membrane via its N-terminal single transmembrane alpha helix. The C-terminal cytosolic domain of mitoNEET binds a [2Fe-2S] cluster via three cysteine and one histidine residues. It has been shown that mitoNEET has a crucial role in energy metabolism, iron homeostasis, and free radical production in cells. However, the exact function of mitoNEET remains elusive. Previously, we reported that the C-terminal soluble domain of mitoNEET has a specific binding site for flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and can transfer electrons from FMNH

Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrons; Escherichia coli; Flavin Mononucleotide; Humans; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Mitochondrial Proteins; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Ubiquinone