flavin-mononucleotide and Body-Weight

Riboflavin status indices in tissues (brain, liver, heart) and blood plasma, and performance parameters were studied in male and female broiler chickens in response to a wide range of dietary supplementation of riboflavin in order to establish the requirement for riboflavin in fast growing modern broilers. The birds fed riboflavin supplemented diets were increasing their body weight at a higher rate than those fed the unsupplemented diet, but this was apparent only during the first stage of growth (days 1 to 21). Supplementation of 2 mg riboflavin per kg was sufficient to support the maximum growth rate. Feed consumption was not affected by different levels of dietary supplementation of riboflavin. The supplementation of riboflavin in the diet increased (p < 0.001) plasma riboflavin level, but the magnitude of response decreased with age. The main component in the tissues was FAD, followed by FMN and riboflavin. Overall, the dietary riboflavin supplementation had highly significant (p < 0.001) effects on tissue FAD, FMN, and riboflavin status, but the effect of supplementation was clearly pronounced only at days 7 and 14, and thereafter the status of FAD, FMN, and riboflavin in the tissues did not differ between unsupplemented and supplemented birds. Neither FAD, FMN, and riboflavin nor GSSG-RED activity correlate with the level of supplementation. Saturation levels of riboflavin in the blood plasma and tissues, corresponded with dietary riboflavin levels of supplementation at 1 to 2 mg per kg. Based on the performance and biochemical data, the dietary requirement of riboflavin for fast growing broilers should be set at a level of 5 mg/kg. The currently recommended allowance of 3.6 mg riboflavin per kg of ration is not sufficient for modern breeds of broiler chickens.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; Enzyme Activation; Feeding Behavior; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutathione Reductase; Liver; Male; Myocardium; Nutritional Requirements; Riboflavin

1. Turkey poults were fed on an isolated soya protein diet supplemented with 0, 2, 4 or 8 mg riboflavin/kg between 7 and 28 d of age. Maximum body weight was attained with the 4 and 8 mg diets, and poults fed on the supplemented diet did not survive until 21 d of age. The erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC) of the poults was inversely related to dietary riboflavin at all ages. At 28 d of age the values for EGRAC of poults fed on the 2, 4 and 8 mg diets were 2.25, 1.59 and 1.25 respectively; at 31 d, following a single oral dose of 10 mg riboflavin administered on day 28, the same poults had EGRAC values of 1.36, 1.17 and 1.26. 2. In a second experiment, poults were fed on diets supplemented with 0, 2, 4, 8 or 12 mg riboflavin/kg. Maximum body weight was attained with the 4, 8 and 12 mg diets. At 28 d of age the EGRAC values for the 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 mg treatments were 2.36, 2.34, 1.59, 1.28 and 1.18 respectively. The concentration of flavin in the liver was not related to riboflavin intake, whereas total flavin in the liver was positively related, being on average 94, 206, 400, 440 and 413 micrograms flavin/liver for the 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 mg treatments respectively. 3. It is concluded that EGRAC is a sensitive indicator of riboflavin status in the turkey poult and that an EGRAC of 1.6 indicates a marginal riboflavin status. It is also concluded that liver total flavin reflects merely the effect of riboflavin on growth and liver size.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Erythrocytes; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavins; Glutathione Reductase; Liver; Nutritional Requirements; Riboflavin; Turkeys

Lactating female rats were fed diets A or B containing 18 and 12% of casein respectively, or similar diets but supplemented with 0.4% of methionine (diets AM or BM). The animals and their pups were sacrificed at the 18th day of lactation. Control non lactating female rats fed the same diets for the same period of time were also sacrificed. Total riboflavin and its various forms (flavin adenin dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide + free riboflavin) were measured in various tissues as well as in the milk which was collected from the stomach of the pups after a time controlled suck. In the lactating females fed diets A and B as well as in the control animals fed the same diets the concentrations of riboflavin and of its various forms in plasma, liver and carcass are unchanged. However in group B, they are higher in milk and in tissues of the pups. These results seem to be due to a decrease in food intake by the lactating females fed diet B which results in a decrease in milk production which in turn induces a lower growth rate of the pups although the riboflavin consumption by the latter is unchanged. Addition of methionine to the diet B (diet BM) induces the same effects as diet A which contains the highest amount of proteins but addition of methionine to the diet A (diet AM) has no further incidence. Therefore the present study has not revealed any direct effect of methionine on riboflavin metabolism in lactating female rats and their pups since the effects are similar to an increase of the total protein level in the diet. In both cases they seem to be simply related to an increase of the food consumption.

Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Caseins; Dietary Proteins; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Lactation; Liver; Methionine; Pregnancy; Rats; Riboflavin

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cytochrome c Group; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Cytochrome Reductases; Enzyme Induction; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Hydrocarbons; Liver; Methylcholanthrene; Mice; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Time Factors

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Body Weight; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Cytochrome Reductases; Cytochromes; Dietary Proteins; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Haplorhini; Heme; Kinetics; Liver; Macaca; Methyltransferases; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Morphinans; Organ Size; Phospholipids; Protein Deficiency; Riboflavin

Topics: Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Caseins; Depression, Chemical; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutens; Glycine; Liver; Lysine; Male; Metabolism; Rats; Riboflavin; Serine; Stimulation, Chemical; Threonine; Triticum

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Body Weight; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glycolates; Hypothyroidism; Liver; Male; Microsomes; NADP; Organ Size; Oxidoreductases; Phosphotransferases; Rats; Riboflavin Deficiency

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Animals; Atrophy; Body Weight; Bursa of Fabricius; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flumethasone; Growth; Hydrocortisone; Male; Paramethasone; Poultry; Testis; Thymus Gland

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Dietary Proteins; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Nitrogen; Nucleosides; Organ Size; Rats; Riboflavin; Subcellular Fractions; Xanthine Oxidase