flavin-adenine-dinucleotide and Vitamin-B-Deficiency

This review is limited to progress in the development of new or improved laboratory procedures to assess the nutriture of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, and folic acid. There has been marked progress in this area for the other vitamins as well. The increased availability of radioassay techniques and HPLC methodologies that have application in nutrition assessment is significant. However, for a number of the vitamins, there is still a need for additional methods that provide functionally interpretable preclinical information and give accurate assessment of body reserves of the nutrient. Often the guides used to interpret the information obtained are tentative and require validation or revision. This situation is further complicated by the frequent lack of suitable reference standards for quality controls and interlaboratory validation.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Autoanalysis; Binding, Competitive; Biological Assay; Body Fluids; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Erythrocytes; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Folic Acid; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Leukocytes; Methods; Niacin; Niacinamide; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Protein Binding; Pyridones; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Pyridoxic Acid; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Thiamine Pyrophosphate; Transketolase; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Adaptation of coenzyme stimulation assays for the nutritional assessment of thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine on the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyser are described. Whole blood was collected into acid-citrate dextrose, which preserves the erythrocytes, prior to assay for several days. Washed erythrocytes stored at -70 degrees C and subsequently thawed, showed altered enzyme activities. The methods offer improved precision over existing procedures and take advantage of the high throughput capabilities of the instrumentation.

Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Centrifugation; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Coenzymes; Erythrocytes; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Mathematics; NAD; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Transketolase; Vitamin B Deficiency

The vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status of school children were studied in the Khon Kaen resettlement and irrigation area and in the Lam-takong settlement in northease Thailand using the in vitro tests based on the erythrocyte transketolase, glutathione reductase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activities. Healthy school children from the Khon Kaen University School were selected as a reference group. The results demonstrate that the vitamin B1 status in the resettlement area is sufficient, but about 20% to 35% of all the children show evidence of vitamin B2 and B6 deficiencies. It is noticed that besides a high prevalence of parasitic infections and poor hygienic conditions the protein and vitamin intake is low and improvement of the situation is necessary.

Topics: Aspartate Aminotransferases; Child; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Male; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thailand; Thiamine; Thiamine Pyrophosphate; Transketolase; Vitamin B Deficiency

We describe optimized, ultraviolet spectrophotometric procedures for determination of erythrocyte transketolase, glutathione reductase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity, and their activation by their respective coenzymes--thiamine pyrophosphate, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, and pyridoxal-5-phosphate--as tests for vitamin B1, B2, and B6 deficiency. With these procedures we have investigated healthy subjects on normal and vitamin-supplemented diets, and a series of (mainly) alcoholic hospital in-patients. The enzyme procedures described have good precision and can be readily carried out in the routine laboratory. Abnormal transketolase activation correlated well with clinical evidence of vitamin B1 deficiency.

Topics: Aspartate Aminotransferases; Erythrocytes; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glutathione Reductase; Kinetics; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Riboflavin Deficiency; Thiamine Deficiency; Thiamine Pyrophosphate; Transketolase; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Biometry; Cell Nucleus; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Golgi Apparatus; Histocytochemistry; Liver; Liver Diseases; Lysosomes; Membranes; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Microsomes, Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; Mitochondrial Swelling; Riboflavin; Time Factors; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Erythrocytes; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Folic Acid Deficiency; Glutathione Reductase; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Liver; Pyridoxine; Rats; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenalectomy; Age Factors; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Coenzyme A; Female; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Kidney; Liver; Male; Pantothenic Acid; Prednisolone; Rats; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency