flavin-adenine-dinucleotide and Myocardial-Ischemia

Damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) occurs during ischaemia. Blockade of electron flow in the ETC just before ischaemia with the reversible complex I inhibitor amobarbital protects isolated mitochondria against ischaemic damage and preserves oxidative phosphorylation and cytochrome c content. We hypothesized that brief amobarbital perfusion just before ischaemia would improve cardiac recovery and decrease infarct size after ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) by preserving the mitochondrial redox state and reducing mitochondrial superoxide (O(2)(-*)) generation, in turn would decrease mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation (mt[Ca(2+)]).. Guinea pig Langendorff-perfused hearts were treated with Krebs Ringer solution (KR; untreated) or amobarbital (2.5 mM) in KR for 1 min immediately before 30 min of no flow, global ischaemia, followed by reperfusion without additional treatment. Cardiac function, mitochondrial NADH, FAD, mt[Ca(2+)], and O(2)(-*) levels were assessed during the 1 min perfusion period and throughout IR.. Amobarbital perfusion alone before ischaemia significantly increased O(2)(-*) levels and NADH, without altering FAD, and decreased mt[Ca(2+)]. During ischaemia, mitochondrial NADH was higher, O(2)(-*) levels were lower, and mt[Ca(2+)] was less elevated in the amobarbital group. On reperfusion O(2)(-*) levels and mt[Ca(2+)] were significantly reduced, NADH-FAD redox state was preserved and cardiac function was markedly improved in the amobarbital group; infarct size was smaller in the amobarbital group compared to the untreated group.. Temporary blockade of mitochondrial complex I activity by amobarbital protects hearts by reducing production of O(2)(-*) and mtCa(2+) loading during IR injury.

Topics: Amobarbital; Animals; Calcium; Electron Transport Complex I; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Guinea Pigs; Myocardial Ischemia; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxides; Ventricular Function, Left

The effects of riboflavin and its derivatives such as FAD, FMN and lumichrome on the levels of high energy phosphate compounds (ATP and creatine phosphate) and intracellular pH in ischemic reperfused rat hearts were investigated using a Langendorff perfusion technique. 31P-NMR study showed a decrease in the levels of high energy phosphate compounds and pH values in myocardium after 30 min global ischemia and a slight recovery of these levels after a 30 min reperfusion following ischemia. However, in all the hearts perfused with riboflavin and its derivatives during ischemia-reperfusion, a marked recovery of high energy phosphate compounds and pH values were observed. In addition, the cardiac mitochondrial respiratory function was protected from ischemia-reperfusion injury. These results suggest that riboflavin, FAD, FMN, and lumichrome have a protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury to rat myocardium in vitro. It is assumed that these substances exert their effect directly in the extracellular space.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Flavin Mononucleotide; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Flavins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Phosphocreatine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Riboflavin