fibrin and Hypersensitivity

Topics: Blood Vessels; Constriction, Pathologic; Drug-Eluting Stents; Fibrin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Myocardial Infarction; Patient Selection; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Prosthesis Design; Risk Factors; Thrombosis; Wound Healing

Radially oriented acicular crystalline aggregates could be induced by incubating heparinised blood with bacterial endotoxins. These aggregates did not appear in the blood of 37 healthy volunteers but were observed in the blood of 130 patients, predominantly those with vasculitis, psoriasis, and bacterial infections. Study of these asteroid structures, which resemble 'sunbursts', led to the view that they are oriented crystals of fibrin radiating from a central platelet mass undergoing lysis.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Blood Platelets; Crystallization; Dermatitis; Endotoxins; Enterobacteriaceae; Fibrin; Hemolysis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; In Vitro Techniques; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Psoriasis; Streptococcus; Vascular Diseases

Heparinized blood from patients with a variety of dermatological problems was incubated with killed bacteria, bacterial extracts or Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. Within 18-24 h asteroid bodies consisting of an amorphous centre with fine radiating needle crystals were seen. These bodies, not found in the blood of healthy volunteers, were most consistently observed in blood from patients with psoriasis, vasculitis and bacterial infections. Immunofluorescent studies disclosed the asteroid formations to be crystals of fibrin radiating presumably from a central platelet aggregate. The failure to demonstrate IgG, A, M or D suggests that the phenomenon results from the bacterial activation of complement by a non-immune yet specific pathway which in turn involves white cells, platelet aggregation and release of procoagulants.

Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Toxins; Crystallization; Female; Fibrin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Psoriasis; Skin Diseases

The urinary concentration of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) was measured in 90 patients with proteinuria above 2 g/1 and correlated with proteinuria, differential protein clearances, serum urea and creatinine, and renal biopsy findings. There was a linear correlation (r equals 0-7; P less than 0-001) between the urinary F.D.P. excretion and the selectivity of the proteinuria such that patients with highly selective proteinuria excreted only small amounts of F.D.P. whereas those with non-selective proteinuria excreted much higher levels. There was a significant correlation between the urinary F.D.P. excretion and the urine:serum (U:S) ratio of IgG excretion but not with the U:S ratio or urinary excretion of albumin or transferrin. Sephadex G200 column chromatography of the concentrated urine in 26 cases showed that patients with highly selective proteinuria excreted predominantly F.D.P. of low molecular weight in the urine whereas those with non-selective proteinuria excreted mainly fibrinogen and products of high molecular weight. Hence the type and quantity of F.D.P. in the urine are determined primarily by the differential filtration of fibrinogen and the various degradation products from the plasma through the glomerular basement membrane, which in turn is determined by the "pore size" of the basement membrane. In clinical nephrology measurement of the urinary F.D.P. level provides a rapid and convenient means of estimating the differential protein clearance.

Topics: Albuminuria; Amyloidosis; Chromatography; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Filtration; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Hypertension, Malignant; Immunodiffusion; Immunoglobulin G; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Molecular Weight; Nephrotic Syndrome; Proteinuria; Purpura; Thrombosis; Transferrin

Topics: Amyloid; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Blood Proteins; Complement System Proteins; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibrin; Glomerulonephritis; Glycoproteins; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulins; Kidney Glomerulus; Methenamine; Methods; Proteins; Purpura; Silver; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Cell Adhesion; Cell Migration Inhibition; Cell Movement; Fibrin; Heparin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Leukocytes

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fibrin; Glomerulonephritis; Hematuria; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Proteinuria; Purpura; Respiratory Tract Infections; Serum Globulins

Topics: Arteritis; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Blood Vessels; Collagen; Epithelium; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Fibroblasts; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Microscopy, Electron; Skin

Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Arthus Reaction; Autoimmune Diseases; Fibrin; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Paper; Rats; Silicon Dioxide; Silicosis

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Extracorporeal Circulation; Fibrin; Fibrinolysis; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Heparin Antagonists; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypersensitivity; Natriuresis; Osteoporosis; Protamines; Prothrombin Time; Thromboembolism; Thrombophlebitis; Thromboplastin

Topics: Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Arthus Reaction; Basement Membrane; Capillary Permeability; Fibrin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Purpura; Skin Manifestations

Topics: Animals; Bordetella pertussis; Electrons; Encephalomyelitis; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Eosinophils; Fibrin; Freund's Adjuvant; Hypersensitivity; Lymphocytes; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Monocytes; Myelin Sheath; Rats; Research; Spinal Cord

Intravenous injections of endotoxin or infusions of thrombin in the rabbit initiate intravascular coagulation but do not usually result in massive deposition of fibrin. It has been proposed that the reticuloendothelial system may function efficiently in the removal of circulating fibrin; its blockade permits reproduction of all of the features of the generalized Shwartzman reaction by infusions of thrombin. In the rabbit the reticuloendothelial system may constitute the major protective mechanism against the vasculo-occlusive lesions of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, which appears to be the direct consequence of intravascular fibrin formation and deposition.

Topics: Animals; Anticoagulants; Endotoxins; Fibrin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Kidney; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Rabbits; Shwartzman Phenomenon; Thrombin

Topics: Fibrin; Hypersensitivity; Shwartzman Phenomenon

Topics: Allergens; Body Fluids; Fibrin; Histamine; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Urticaria

Topics: Fibrin; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Kidney Cortex Necrosis; Kidney Diseases; Muscle, Smooth; Necrosis; Shwartzman Phenomenon

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Allergens; Asthma; Fibrin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal

An intravenous injection of sodium polyanethol sulfonate, a heparin-like synthetic polymer of large molecular size, into rabbits given endotoxin 2 hours previously, results in the abrupt disappearance from the circulating blood of a large proportion of fibrinogen. The depletion of circulating fibrinogen is prevented by the administration of heparin prior to the synthetic polymer. In animals receiving the polymer alone, or endotoxin alone, no depletion of fibrinogen occurs. It is suggested that the intravascular deposition of fibrinoid and the subsequent necrotizing lesions of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, which occur after the combined injection of endotoxin and synthetic acid polymer, may be due to the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen by polymer. A qualitative change in fibrinogen, characterized by its precipitability by heparin at low temperature, is regularly demonstrable in plasma between 1 and 4 hours after an intravenous injection of endotoxin. The appearance of this heparin-precipitable fraction is prevented by treatment with heparin before endotoxin. It is not influenced by nitrogen mustard or cortisone. During the period when depletion of circulating fibrinogen is produced by polyanethol, in endotoxin-treated animals, the heparin-precipitable fraction also disappears from the blood. It is suggested that the change in fibrinogen may represent partial polymertization, and the cold precipitability of this material by heparin may be related to its enhanced precipitability, in vivo, by polyanethol. An hypothesis which accounts for certain events in the generalized Shwartzman reaction, based on observations reported in this study, is presented.

Topics: Animals; Anticoagulants; Biological Products; Endotoxins; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Hypersensitivity; Polymers; Rabbits; Shwartzman Phenomenon

Topics: Animals; Blood Transfusion; Cardiovascular System; Fibrin; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Kidney; Rabbits

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Collagen Diseases; Disease; Fibrin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Lagomorpha; Rabbits

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Antigens; Fibrin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Capillary Permeability; Fibrin; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Peptones; Serum; Shock

Topics: Arthus Reaction; Capillary Permeability; Fibrin; Hypersensitivity; Serum; Shwartzman Phenomenon

FORMATION OF FIBRINOLYSIN FROM ITS INACTIVE PRECURSOR IN SERUM WAS OBSERVED UNDER THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: (a) by adding the specific antigen to serum from sensitized guinea pigs; (b) by mixing normal guinea pig serum with peptone, agar, hyaluronic acid, chondroitinsulfuric acid, glycogen, pneumococcal polysaccharides, and heparin. Activation of profibrinolysin by these agents differs from chloroform or streptokinase activation in that it requires the presence of some serum constituent non-precipitable with the euglobulin fraction and destroyed by heating at 56 degrees C. The bearing of these observations on the mechanism of anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions is discussed. The findings reported support the concept that proteolysis is part of the process determining the release of histamine and other toxic products. It is suggested that the presence of fibrinokinase may be responsible for the toxicity of serum induced in vitro by a number of agents.

Topics: Animals; Antigens; Blood; Fibrin; Fibrinolysin; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity; Peptones; Polysaccharides

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Blood; Dogs; Fibrin; Fibrinolysis; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; Peptones; Shock