fibrin and Candidiasis

Topics: Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Candida glabrata; Candidiasis; Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Fungal; Female; Fibrin; Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy; Humans; Middle Aged; Surgical Wound Infection; Vitrectomy

A 58-year-old man with hepatitis B cirrhosis noticed black stools and underwent an endoscopy at a community hospital. The presence of esophageal varices (EVs) was confirmed, but the bleeding point was not found. He was referred to our institution and underwent a second endoscopy. Extensive white patches of esophageal candidiasis were visible on endoscopy by white-light imaging (WLI), but it was difficult to find the fibrin cap of the EVs. This was easier under narrow-band imaging (NBI), however, as the color turned red from absorption by hemoglobin adhered to it. We retrospectively measured the color differences (CD) between the fibrin cap and the surrounding mucosa 10 times using the CIE (L*a*b*) color space method. The median value of CD increased after NBI (13.9 → 43.0, p < 0.001), with increased visibility. However, the median CD between the white patch and surrounding mucosa decreased after NBI (44.8 → 30.3, p < 0.001). The fibrin cap was paler than the white patch of candidiasis, but the increased visibility of the fibrin cap by NBI enabled it to be found more easily. This is the first report of a case in which NBI was helpful in locating a fibrin cap of EVs.

Topics: Candidiasis; Color; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Esophagoscopy; Fibrin; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Narrow Band Imaging

The development of prophylactic anti-candidal vaccine comprising the Candida albicans cytosolic proteins (Cp) as antigen and plasma beads (PB) prepared from plasma as sustained delivery system, is described. The immune-prophylactic potential of various PBs-based dual antigen delivery systems, co-entrapping Cp pre-entrapped in PLGA microspheres were tested in the murine model. Induction of cell mediated immunity was measured by assaying DTH and NO production as well as in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes derived from the immunized animals. Expression of surface markers on APCs (CD80, CD86) and T-cells (CD4+, CD8+) was also evaluated. Humoral immune response was studied by measuring circulating anti-Cp antibodies and their subclasses. When the prophylactic efficacy of the vaccines was tested in mice challenged with virulent C. albicans, the PB-based formulation (PB-PLGA-Cp vaccine) was found to be most effective in the generation of desirable immune response, in terms of suppression of fungal load and facilitating the survival of the immunized animals.

Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antigens, Fungal; Biocompatible Materials; Biopolymers; Candida; Candidiasis; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fibrin; Fungal Vaccines; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Immunization; Immunoglobulin G; Lactic Acid; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Particle Size; Plasma; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

The kinetics of amphotericin B (AMB) concentrations in plasma and interstitial fluid were studied in an experimental model of Candida albicans infection in rabbits. Rabbits were infected by subcutaneously implanted fibrin clots containing the yeast. Three groups of five rabbits received a 4 mg kg-1 AMB infusion. AMB (Fungizone) was dissolved in 5% glucose (group I) or in 20% Intralipid at a final concentration of 1.5 (group II) or 3 mg mL-1 (group III). AMB was measured by liquid chromatography in plasma and in trypsin-dissolved fibrin clots up to 72 h after the infusion. No significant differences in AMB plasma and interstitial-fluid concentration kinetics between the three modes of administration were found. AMB penetration into fibrin clots was slow, with no significant differences between treatments. Thus, formulation of AMB in Intralipid does not modify either the drug's interstitial or plasma kinetics at equivalent doses.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Computer Simulation; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Delivery Systems; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fibrin; Glucose; Male; Rabbits; Skin

The influence of preformed antibody on the induction of experimental Candida albicans endocarditis was investigated by both in vitro and in vivo techniques. Preincubation of C. albicans with immune serum (raised in rabbits by intravenous injection of Formalin-killed yeast cells) decreased adhesion to the constituents of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, e.g., fibrin plus platelets, in vitro. Two different methods, with radiolabeled or viable yeast cells, were confirmatory and demonstrated decreased adhesion of immune serum-treated C. albicans cells to 0 to 7.8% of control values (P less than 0.001). These results correlated with protection from the development of C. albicans endocarditis in the immunized rabbits. The mean (+/- standard deviation) infectious dose for 50% of the animals was 10(5.29) +/- 10(0.07) in 48 control animals versus 10(7.11) +/- 10(0.22) in 37 immunized rabbits (P less than 0.001). These studies suggest that humoral antibody may protect against C. albicans endocarditis, perhaps through inhibition of adhesion, a crucial early step in the pathogenesis of endocarditis.

Topics: Adhesiveness; Animals; Antibodies, Fungal; Blood Platelets; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Endocarditis; Fibrin; Humans; Immunization; Rabbits

Our clinical experience with acetic acid solution in the treatment of candida infection of the bladder was confirmed by in vitro experiments. We apply continuous bladder irrigation with increasing concentrations of acetic acid solution up to pH 5.0. The majority of patients had received antibiotics or cytostatic drugs and suffered from chronic and malignant diseases. A case report is given with endoscopic documentation of the influence of acetic acid solution on the bladder.

Topics: Acetates; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Chronic Disease; Cystitis; Cystoscopy; Female; Fibrin; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Long-Term Care; Preoperative Care; Therapeutic Irrigation

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Candidiasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Deglutition Disorders; Epithelial Cells; Esophagitis; Female; Fibrin; Heart; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Simplexvirus; Trachea