fibrin and Bone-Diseases

Injectable hydrogels with their 3D structure and good moldability serve as excellent scaffolding material for regenerating irregular non load-bearing bone defects. Most of the bone defects do not heal completely due to the lack of vasculature required for the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the regenerating tissues. To enhance vasculature, we developed an injectable hydrogel system made of chitin and poly (butylene succinate) (PBSu) loaded with 250  ±  20 nm sized fibrin nanoparticles (FNPs) and magnesium-doped bioglass (MBG). FNPs were expected to enhance vascularisation and MBG was expected to help induce early osteogenesis. Composite hydrogels were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. Hydrogels with MBG showed a slightly rougher morphology upon SEM analysis. Composites containing 5% MBG and 2% FNPs showed good rheological properties, injectability, temperature stability, biomineralization and protein adsorption. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) were used for cyto-compatibility studies. Composite gels with 2% FNPs and 2% MBG (composite 1) were considered to be non-toxic to both the cells and were taken for further in vitro studies. Aortic ring assay was carried out to study the angiogenic potential of the hydrogels. The aorta placed with composite hydrogels showed enhanced sprouting of blood vessels. rASCs too showed good spreading on the composite hydrogels. Hydrogels containing MBG showed early initiation of differentiation and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin confirming the osteoinductive property of MBG. These studies indicate that this composite hydrogel can be used for regenerating irregular bone defects.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adsorption; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Ceramics; Chitin; Elasticity; Fibrin; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hydrogels; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Nanocomposites; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Rabbits; Regeneration; Rheology; Temperature; Viscosity

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on angiogenesis and osteogenesis in guided bone regeneration (GBR) using xenogenic bone in rabbit cranial defects.. In each rabbit, 2 circular bone defects, one on either side of the midline, were prepared using a reamer drill. Each of the experimental sites received bovine bone with PRF, and each of the control sites received bovine bone alone. The animals were sacrificed at 1 week (n = 4), 2 weeks (n = 3) and 4 weeks (n = 3). Biopsy samples were examined histomorphometrically by light microscopy, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by immunohistochemical staining.. At all experimental time points, immunostaining intensity for VEGF was consistently higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, the differences between the control group and the experimental group were not statistically significant in the histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical examinations.. The results of this study suggest that PRF may increase the number of marrow cells. However, PRF along with xenogenic bone substitutes does not show a significant effect on bony regeneration. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm our results.

Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Blood Platelets; Bone Diseases; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Bone Transplantation; Cattle; Fibrin; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Heterografts; Male; Minerals; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteogenesis; Parietal Bone; Rabbits; Time Factors; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

This study investigated the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on bone regeneration of various grafting materials in rabbit calvarial defects.. Two bicortical skull defects were prepared in 20 New Zealand white rabbits; 10 rabbits were treated with PRF and the other 10 were non-PRF. In both groups, autogenous bone was compare to empty defects in 5 rabbits and the composite of autogenous bone and deproteinized bovine bone versus deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) in the other five. The animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Bone formation was assessed by radiographic densitometry and histomorphometric analysis.. The mean optical density (OD) and histomorphometric analysis (HA) of the percentage of new bone showed that the PRF groups were significantly higher than the non-PRF groups in the autogenous bone graft (OD: 0.60 ± 0.19 vs 0.36 ± 0.03; HA: 38.03 ± 4.23 vs 26.21 ± 10.58) and the empty defect (OD: 0.29 ± 0.06 vs 0.11 ± 0.06; HA: 18.81 ± 9.27 vs 6.24 ± 5.01), but not in the DBB group (OD: 1.18 ± 0.17 vs 1.07 ± 0.05; HA: 13.067 ± 3.64 vs 9.63 ± 5.47) and the composite group (OD: 0.81 ± 0.15 vs 0.91 ± 0.05; HA: 22.63 ± 3.61 vs 21.29 ± 3.52).. PRF had a positive effect on bone formation when used alone or combined with autogenous bone, but not with deproteinized bovine bone.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Animals; Autografts; Blood Platelets; Bone Density; Bone Diseases; Bone Regeneration; Bone Transplantation; Cattle; Craniotomy; Fibrin; Heterografts; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osteogenesis; Parietal Bone; Rabbits

The objective of this study was to determine the capabilities of silk fibroin as a biomaterial template for bone formation when mixed with Choukroun platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in vivo.. Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study and bilateral round shaped defects were formed in the parietal bone (diameter 9.0 mm). The silk fibroin was digested by acid and made into powder (molecular weight <1.0 kDa). The right side (experimental group) received the silk fibroin plus platelet-rich fibroin and the left side (control group) did not receive a graft. Animals were killed at 6 weeks and 12 weeks. The specimens were examined by microscopic computerized tomography (micro-CT). Subsequently, they underwent decalcification and were stained for histologic analysis.. There was no significant difference between groups at 6 weeks after operation. In the micro-CT results, however, tissue mineral content in the experimental group at 12 weeks after operation was 132.09 +/- 4.41 and that in the control group was 126.42 +/- 6.62 (P = .011). Tissue mineral density in the experimental group was 2,088.88 +/- 648.34, and that in the control group was 2,029.72 +/- 668.22 (P = .013). The results of the histomorphometric analysis were in accordance with the micro-CT results. The total new bone was 49.86 +/- 7.49% in the control group at 12 weeks after the operation and 59.83 +/- 10.92% in the experimental group (P = .021).. A combined application of Choukroun PRF with acid-digested silk fibroin showed more rapid bone healing than unfilled control.

Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Blood Platelets; Bone Density; Bone Diseases; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Fibrin; Fibroins; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Molecular Weight; Osteogenesis; Parietal Bone; Powders; Rabbits; Silk; Time Factors; X-Ray Microtomography

Previously, we developed a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/nano-hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) composite that overcame the limitations of conventional ceramic bone substitutes. This was achieved by introducing a bone-like apatite layer on the composite to further enhance its osteogenic potential. In this study, we compared the osteogenic potential of the apatite-coated PLGA/HA particulates to that of Bio-Oss, a deproteinized bovine bone material. A mixture of fibrin gel and either apatite-coated PLGA/HA particulates or Bio-Oss was implanted into critical-size rat calvarial defects. As a control, fibrin gel was implanted alone into the defects. At eight weeks after treatment, histological examination showed new bone formation around the grafting materials, and bone formation was similar between the two groups. In the control group, bone was not regenerated and the defects were filled with fibrous tissues. This study showed that a synthetic bone graft material, apatite-coated PLGA/HA particulates, had a comparable bone regeneration potential to the bovine-derived bone graft material, Bio-Oss.

Topics: Animals; Azo Compounds; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Diseases; Bone Matrix; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Cattle; Coloring Agents; Drug Carriers; Durapatite; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Fibrin; Gels; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lactic Acid; Male; Methyl Green; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Minerals; Osteogenesis; Polyesters; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skull; Time Factors

Fibrin-related markers such as soluble fibrin (SF) and D-dimer are considered useful for the diagnosis of thrombosis. However, the evidence for diagnosis of thrombosis by fibrin-related markers is not well-established.. To evaluate the cutoff values of D-dimer and SF in the diagnosis of thrombosis.. Plasma concentrations of SF and D-dimer were measured in 784 inpatients suspected of having thrombosis between 1 August 2003 and 31 December 2004, and then correlated with thrombosis.. Plasma concentrations of D-dimer and SF were significantly higher in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and cerebral thrombosis, compared with those in patients without thrombosis. When cutoff values of > 3.0 microg mL(-1) for D-dimer and > 6.0 microg mL(-1) for SF were used for the diagnosis, more than 50% of patients (with the exception of liver transplant patients and postoperative patients) had thrombosis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that SF was more useful than D-dimer for the diagnosis of thrombosis (i.e. DVT and DIC). The cutoff value of D-dimer (7.87 microg mL(-1)) was the same for DVT and DIC, while that of SF was slightly lower for DVT (7.05 microg mL(-1)) than for DIC (8.60 microg mL(-1)). Our findings suggest that high levels of plasma fibrin-related markers reflect high risk for thrombosis.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Bone Diseases; Communicable Diseases; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Fibrin; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Humans; Intracranial Thrombosis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Venous Thrombosis

Mesenchymal stem cells are currently procured from periosteum and bone marrow. The procurement of stem cells from these sources is tedious and gives a low yield of cells. This study was aimed at circumventing these problems and allowing for a method that would be more acceptable in the clinical setting. Tissue for transplantation was harvested from a single New Zealand White rabbit. Cells were more readily obtained from adipose tissue than from bone marrow or periosteum. The present method also provided a better yield of cells through culture. In vitro studies were performed to assess the differentiation potential of these cells. Successful in vitro transformation into alternative mesenchymal cell lines including cardiomyocytes revealed these cells to have wide differentiation potential. Further characterization morphologically, immunohistochemically, and via gene transfection showed features consistent with mesenchymal stem cells. Cultured cells were then transplanted into defects created in the left medial femoral condyle. The femora were harvested at various intervals and the repair tissue was assessed. Gross osteochondral defect reconstitution and histological grading was superior to periosteum-derived stem cell repair and repair by native mechanisms. Biomechanically, the repair tissue approximated intact cartilage and was superior to osteochondral autografts and repair by innate mechanisms.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Bone Diseases; Cartilage Diseases; Dermis; Femur; Fibrin; Genes, Reporter; Rabbits; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Time Factors; Tissue Engineering

Control of bleeding from bone tissue may sometimes be difficult to maintain. Existing methods of haemorrhage control with standard bone wax can interfere with subsequent healing. This paper presents clinical and experimental results of the use of a new absorbable bone sealant, Absele a paste made from stabilised fibrin and soluble collagen.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Bone Diseases; Collagen; Female; Fibrin; Hemorrhage; Hemostatic Techniques; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Mouth; Rabbits

Topics: Acrylates; Arthroplasty; Bone Diseases; Callosities; Cell Movement; Edema; Female; Femoral Neck Fractures; Femur Neck; Fibrin; Humans; Joint Prosthesis; Male; Middle Aged; Ossification, Heterotopic; Plastics

Topics: Afibrinogenemia; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Fibrin; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Portal; Lung Diseases; Male; Siblings