fibrin and Anemia--Hemolytic

1. The lack of a general agreement on the definition of PE makes the interpretation of laboratory findings in different series of these patients difficult. 2. Thrombocytopenia is the most common hemostatic abnormality in patients with PE and is caused by platelet consumption. 3. There is little concrete evidence that thrombin mediates the thrombocytopenia in most of these patients. 4. Immune mechanisms or severe vasospasm with resultant endothelial damage may contribute to the thrombocytopenia in some patients.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Eclampsia; Epoprostenol; Factor VIII; Female; Fibrin; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fibrinogen; Fibrinopeptide A; Humans; Hypertension; Platelet Count; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Thrombin; Thrombocytopenia; Thromboxane A2

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Platelets; Blood Viscosity; Drug Resistance; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Fibrinolysis; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hemorrhage; Heparin; Humans; Hydrolysis; Iodine Radioisotopes; Peptide Hydrolases; Plasminogen; Pregnancy; Snake Venoms; Thrombin; Thromboembolism; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; Wound Healing

Human fibrinogen gamma chain variants, termed gamma' chains, contain a unique 20-residue sequence after gamma chain residue 407 that ends at gamma'427, and is designated gamma'(427L). Full-length (FL) gamma'(427L) chains are constituents of a fibrin-dependent thrombin inhibitory system known as antithrombin I, whereas a gamma' chain processed in vivo, termed gamma'(423P), lacks the C-terminal tetrapeptide EDDL, and does not bind thrombin. Together, the gamma'(423P) and gamma'(427L) chains comprise the total plasma fibrinogen gamma' chain content.. Lowered plasma gamma' chain content (i.e. gamma' chain-containing fibrinogen/total fibrinogen ratio) has been shown to correlate with susceptibility to venous thrombosis, thus prompting this study on the total and FL gamma' chain content in 45 subjects with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), a disorder characterized by microvascular thrombosis.. We measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the total gamma' chain-containing fibrinogen/total fibrinogen (Total gamma'-fgn/Total fgn) ratio and the FL gamma' chain-containing fibrinogen/total fibrinogen (FL gamma'-fgn/Total fgn) ratio in these plasmas and in healthy subjects (n = 87).. In healthy subjects, the mean Total gamma'-fgn/Total fgn ratio was 0.127, whereas the FL gamma'-fgn/Total fgn ratio was somewhat lower at 0.099 (P < 0.0001), a difference reflecting the presence of gamma'(423P) chains. In TMA plasmas, both the Total gamma'-fgn and FL gamma'-fgn/Total fgn ratios (0.099 and 0.084, respectively) were lower than those of their healthy subject counterparts (P < 0.0001).. These findings in TMA suggest that reductions in the gamma' chain content indicate reduced antithrombin I activity that may contribute to microvascular thrombosis in TMA.

Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAMTS13 Protein; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia, Hemolytic; Black or African American; Cohort Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Haplotypes; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Microcirculation; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Reference Values; Syndrome; Thrombosis; White People

The growing practice of dialyzer reuse in recent years is mainly based on medical and economic considerations. However, adverse reactions such as immunohemolytic anemia due to anti-Nform antibody associated with dialyzer reuse have been reported. In this study, scanning electron microscopy and cytologic staining were used to evaluate the interaction between blood components and the reprocessed synthetic dialyzer membrane (polysulfone) after disinfectant (formaldehyde) treatment. The results showed that various blood components such as fibrin and blood cells still adhered to the dialyzer membrane after reprocessing. The study also demonstrated that the adhered denatured blood components could be detached by sonication and/or simulated hemodialysis and then gain access into the circulation. The re-entry of the denatured blood components to the patients exposed to reused dialyzers may result in an enhanced immunological response which may contribute to antibody formation (such as anti-Nform antibody) with a reused hemodialyzer.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antibody Formation; Blood Cells; Cell Adhesion; Equipment Reuse; Fibrin; Formaldehyde; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polymers; Protein Denaturation; Renal Dialysis; Sulfones

Six cases of malignancy-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and eight cases of idiopathic microangiopathy have been studied by renal biopsy. All patients of both groups had mild to severe renal impairment and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The renal lesions were histopathologically identical in the two groups. The most characteristic abnormalities were glomerular mesangiolysis and glomerular and arteriolar thrombosis. Subendothelial widening, presumably due to entrapment of blood components, and the formation of capillary and arteriolar thrombi may be attributed to endothelial damage. Glomerular fibrinogen was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in a majority of cases. Immunofluorescence also showed glomerular immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Clq in a majority of cases and C3 in slightly less than half. Mesangiolysis, present in every case, resulted in coalescence of capillary lumina, but mesangiolysis is a bland process, easily overlooked. The mesangial waists of the glomerular tufts seemed to unravel and come apart, with no inflammatory reaction or fibrin deposition on the luminal surface. The presence of capillary enlargement was confirmed morphometrically as an increased proportion of glomerular sectional area. In what appeared to be a late stage of mesangiolysis, the mesangium was thickened by pale fibrillary material, producing a lobulated glomerular tuft and eventual glomerular solidification. The early stages of mesangiolysis may be reflected only in glomerular capillary ectasia, whereas the late stages produce a distinctive form of glomerular sclerosis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Biopsy; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glomerular Mesangium; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Thrombosis

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Eclampsia; Endothelium; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Kidney Glomerulus; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Breast Diseases; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Fibrin; Gangrene; Humans; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Thrombophlebitis; Warfarin

Eight patients with E. coli septicaemia had oliguric renal failure which was associated with haematological evidence of intravascular coagulation. Five of these patients also had the characteristic blood picture of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. In an attempt to prevent further deposition of fibrin, intravenous heparin was administered to six patients, three of whom recovered fully and three died. The diagnosis of intravascular coagulation was subsequently confirmed by histological examination of necropsy material and it is suggested that some of the complications of E. coli septicaemia may be attributable to disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Autopsy; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Erythrocyte Count; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Fibrin; Hemoglobinometry; Heparin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intravenous; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Reticulocytes; Sepsis; Urea

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Factor VIII; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Half-Life; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Hypercalcemia; Iodine Isotopes; Neoplasm Transplantation; Plasminogen; Platelet Adhesiveness; Rats; Serum Globulins; Thrombelastography; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Cell Count; Creatinine; Erythrocytes; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Hypertension; Iodine Isotopes; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Vessels

To examine the possibility that intravascular haemolysis may lead to intravascular coagulation we have compared the degree of fibrin deposition, as measured by levels of serum fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products (F.D.P.), in two different types of intravascular haemolysis associated with red cell fragmentation. F.D.P. levels in 56 patients with intravascular haemolysis secondary to prosthetic heart valves were compared with those in 18 patients who had microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (M.H.A.) associated with malignant hypertension or renal disease. F.D.P. levels were raised in almost all the patients with M.H.A., and this group had significantly higher levels than any of the valve replacement groups. In contrast, in the prosthetic valve patients F.D.P. levels were usually normal and bore no relation to the degree of haemolysis. It is suggested that in the absence of other precipitating factors intravascular haemolysis will not initiate intravascular coagulation. In M.H.A., while the intravascular haemolysis appears to be a consequence of an underlying intravascular coagulation, it is likely that persistence of the coagulation disturbance is related more to factors such as small vessel damage than to the release of any thromboplastic substances from fragmented red cells.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Aortic Valve; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Hypertension, Malignant; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Fibrin; Fibrinolysis; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Hemolysis; Humans

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Fibrin; Heparin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Fibrin; Humans; Mononuclear Phagocyte System

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Child, Preschool; Fibrin; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome; Heparin; Humans; Male; Plasminogen; Streptokinase; Uremia

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Arteries; Blood Platelets; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinolysis; Graft Rejection; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Thrombosis; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; Female; Fibrin; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome; Humans; Infant; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Prognosis; Uremia

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Platelets; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome; Heparin; Humans; Uremia

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Fibrin; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phagocytosis; Splenectomy; Splenic Neoplasms; Thrombocytopenia

The concentration of serum fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (F.R.-antigen) was measured in a group of 142 patients with various renal disorders, in 38 of whom urine F.R.-antigen was also estimated. Raised serum F.R.-antigen levels were present in 48% of the patients, with no particular preponderance in any diagnostic category apart from acute reversible intrinsic renal failure in which high levels were invariably present. Significantly-raised serum levels were also present in the patients with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and in those with the more severe degrees of renal impairment. Urine F.R.-antigen was increased in 34 of the 38 patients. The amount of F.R.-antigen in the urine correlated with the degree of proteinuria but not with the serum F.R.-antigen levels. The evidence relating to intravascular coagulation in renal disease is reviewed, and it is suggested that there is a high incidence of localized fibrinogen or fibrin degradation in the kidney, which is related more to factors such as the presence of uraemia and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia rather than to the diagnostic category.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Antigens; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Glomerulonephritis; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Humans; Hypertension, Malignant; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Proteinuria; Uremia

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Autoantibodies; Autopsy; Brain; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibrin; Humans; Infant; Malaria; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Pigmentation; Seizures

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Blood Vessels; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Hypercalcemia; Iodine Isotopes; Plasminogen; Rats

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Pressure; Child, Preschool; Desoxycorticosterone; Erythrocytes; Female; Fibrin; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hypertension, Malignant; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Nephrectomy; Urea; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Azathioprine; Beta-Globulins; Biopsy; Female; Fibrin; Haptoglobins; Heparin; Humans; Obstetric Labor Complications; Oxytocics; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Puerperal Disorders

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical; Erythrocytes; Fibrin; Humans; Lung; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Postmortem Changes; Stomach Neoplasms

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatinine; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Heparin; Humans; Infant; Male; Reticulocytes; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anuria; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Transfusion; Central Nervous System Diseases; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Fibrin; Hematuria; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Heparin; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Infant; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Peritoneal Dialysis; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Factor V; Factor VIII; Fibrin; Fibrinolysis; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Heparin; Hepatitis; Humans; Infections; Pediatrics; Uremia

Examination by scanning electron microscopy of erythrocytes from three cases of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia demonstrated the presence of adherent cells. Although in some cases this appeared to be due to a thin strand, presumably fibrin, between the erythrocytes, in most instances there was intimate contact and this was invariably associated with damage to the red cell surface membrane. It is considered that the adherence is predominantly due to altered physico-chemical properties of the surface membrane of the red blood cell and that further morphological abnormalities may result from the intravascular stresses to which the paired cells are subjected.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Cell Adhesion; Cell Biology; Cell Membrane; Erythrocytes; Fibrin; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Beta-Globulins; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Child; Child, Preschool; Complement System Proteins; Female; Fibrin; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Heparin; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Nephritis; Nephrotic Syndrome; Purpura; Uremia; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Coagulation; Blood Flow Velocity; Cell Membrane; Erythrocytes; Fibrin; Glass; Hemodynamics; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Methods; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Motion Pictures; Nylons

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Erythrocyte Aggregation; Female; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Fibrinolysis; Hemoglobinometry; Heparin; Humans; Iodine Isotopes; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma; Plasma Volume; Urea

Topics: Aminocaproates; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Erythrocytes; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Fibrinolysis; Hemoglobinometry; Hemolysis; Heparin; Iodine Isotopes; Iron Isotopes; Male; Plasma; Rabbits; Thrombosis; Trypsin Inhibitors; Venoms; Warfarin

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Erythrocyte Aggregation; Erythrocytes; Fibrin; Humans; In Vitro Techniques

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Erythrocytes; Female; Fibrin; Filtration; Hemoglobins; Humans; Models, Biological; Photography; Rabbits; Thrombin; Venoms

Topics: Aminocaproates; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Fibrin; Fibrinolysis; Glycine max; Hemoglobins; Heparin; Rabbits; Thrombosis; Trypsin Inhibitors; Venoms; Warfarin

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Circulation; Blood Flow Velocity; Capillaries; Cell Membrane; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Fibrin; Hemoglobins; In Vitro Techniques; Photomicrography; Thrombosis