ferrous-fumarate and Anemia--Hypochromic

Serum erythropoietin (EPO) and its relationship to hemoglobin (Hb), iron status markers and iron supplementation during normal pregnancy was assessed in a longitudinal, placebo-controlled study on 118 women, 61 took daily tablets containing 66 mg ferrous iron from the second trimester until delivery and 57 took placebo. Blood samples were obtained at 4-week intervals until delivery as well as post-partum. In the placebo-treated women, median serum EPO rose from 22.5 U/l at inclusion to 35.0 U/l at delivery (P = 0.0001). In the iron-treated women, median serum EPO rose from 23.9 to 29.9 U/l (P = 0.0001). Serum EPO showed a steeper increase in the placebo-treated women than in the iron-treated women (P < 0.05). After delivery, serum EPO became normal in both groups (P = 0.0001). Median Hb was lower in placebo-treated (iron depleted) than in iron-treated (iron repleted) women (P < 0.05). In the placebo-treated women there was a negative correlation and in the iron-treated women a positive correlation between serum EPO and Hb. In the placebo-treated women, inverse correlations existed between serum EPO and serum transferrin saturation and serum ferritin, reflecting the consequences of iron deficiency, whereas the iron-treated women displayed no correlation. A physiological, nonhypoxia-induced increase in EPO production accounts for the basic expansion of the red cell mass during pregnancy. In placebo-treated women, iron deficient erythropoiesis constitutes an additional hypoxic stimulus, which induces a further increase in serum EPO.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Double-Blind Method; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Female; Ferritins; Ferrous Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hypoxia; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Longitudinal Studies; Placental Lactogen; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Transferrin

Regular blood donors were enrolled in a double-blind, parallel group study to evaluate the side effects of two iron supplements, one containing both heme iron and non-heme iron (Hemofer, 2 tablets = 18 mg iron/day), the other non-heme iron only (Erco-Fer; 1 tablet = 60 mg iron/day). No differences were found between the two alternatives in regaining predonation iron status as measured by serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. Despite this therapeutic equivalence, participants' symptom diaries showed substantial differences in the side effects for the two treatments. The frequency of constipation (p < 0.05) and the total incidence of all side effects (p < 0.01) were significantly higher for non-heme iron when compared with the heme iron-non-heme iron combination and a placebo. The study demonstrates that a low-dose iron supplement containing both heme iron and non-heme iron (Hemofer) has fewer side effects when compared with an equipotent, traditional non-heme iron supplement.

Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Donors; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferritins; Ferrous Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged

Recent studies suggest that infant behavior and psychological test performance are impaired by iron deficiency and may be improved by iron. Comparable studies have not been performed in older populations. Young women early in pregnancy whose nutritional intake may be impaired by poverty constitute a high-risk population. Women aged 14-24 years coming for prenatal care at or before 16 weeks gestation whose hematocrits were greater than or equal to 31% were randomized in a double-blind trial to receive vitamins supplemented with iron (experimental group) or vitamins alone (controls). Hematologic status and tests of short-term memory and attention span were assessed at entry and conclusion of the one-month treatment period. The experimental group showed significant improvement on the most sensitive measure of short-term memory and three subtests. On comparison of the change between initial and final scores, the experimental group showed significant or borderline greater improvement than controls on three tests. These results indicated a beneficial effect of iron therapy on psychometric test-score performance.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Attention; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Iron; Memory, Short-Term; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Psychological Tests; Random Allocation

The effectiveness of orally administered iron was investigated using three different iron preparations in a randomized study with 3 patient groups, each consisting of 20 subjects with iron deficiency anaemia. Group A received a ferric(III)-dextrin complex, group B Fe(II)-sulfate, and group C Fe(II)-fumarate with vitamins. For all three preparations the increase in the number of erythrocytes as well as hemoglobin and hematocrit values ran absolutely parallel for a period of 12 weeks. A relevant difference between the trivalent ferric-dextrin complex and the two bivalent iron preparations could not be detected on evaluation of the parameters measured except for a moderate increase in the transaminase values in the patients group who received the Fe(II)-sulfate preparation. No differences were found among the preparations with respect to tolerance. The results are discussed with respect to a possible overloading of the iron transport system by highly absorptive Fe(II)-preparations.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Folic Acid; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12

The effects on hemoglobin, iron and iron binding capacity (IBC) in 150 moderately anemic women of 1) a 21-day low-dose combined pill, 2) the same low-dose combined pill for 21 days, followed by 7 days of an iron-containing pill, 3) the same low-dose combined pill administered for 63 consecutive days, followed by 7 days of no pill intake, 4) Lippes IUD, 5) TCu 220C and 6) Progestasert were studied. The three pill regimens were associated with an increase in hemoglobin and serum iron after 12 months. However, the iron pill and 63-day schedule groups produced an increase in hemoglobin and iron at the 6th month ans a diminution of IBC at 12 months. The Lippes and TCu 220C groups did not show any change in hemoglobin, iron or iron binding capacity after 12 months. The Progestasert group showed an increase in hemoglobin and iron levels at 6 and 12 months, and a diminution of IBC at 12 months. The pill and Progestasert have advantages as contraceptives in anemic women.. The effects on hemoglobin, iron, and iron binding capacity (IBC) in 150 moderately anemic women of 1) a 21-day low-dose combined pill; 2) the same low-dose combined pill for 21 days, followed by 7 days for an iron-containing pill; 3) the same low-dose combined pill administered for 63 consecutive days, followed by 7 days of no pill intake; 4) Lippes loop IUD; 5) TCu 220C; and 6) Progestasert were studied. The 3 pill regimens were associated with an increase in hemoglobin and serum iron after 12 months. However, the iron pill and 63-day schedule groups produced an increase in hemoglobin and iron at the 6th month and a diminution of IBC (suggesting a replenishment of iron stores) at 12 months. The Lippes Loop and TCu 220C groups did not show any change in hemoglobin, iron, or IBC after 12 months. The Progestasert group showed an increase in hemoglobin and iron levels at 6 and 12 months, and a diminution of IBC at 12 months. The pill and Progestasert have advantages as contraceptives in anemic women.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Contraceptives, Oral; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Intrauterine Devices, Copper; Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; Iron; Protein Binding; Time Factors

A single-blind, crossover comparative study was carried out in 40 patients with iron deficiency anaemia to assess the clinical efficacy and tolerance of once daily treatment with a controlled-release preparation of ferrous glycine sulphate ('Ferrocontin' Continus) and ferrous fumarate. Patients were allocated at random to receive 1 tablet (equivalent to 100 mg elemental iron) daily of one or other preparation for 4 weeks and were then crossed over to the alternative preparation for a further 4 weeks. The results showed that the significant increases in haemoglobin, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume were similar with both preparations. Seventeen patients reported gastro-intestinal side-effects on one or both preparations and the incidence was slightly less in patients whilst receiving the ferrous glycine sulphate preparation. In 3 patients, side-effects were sufficiently severe whilst taking ferrous fumarate to warrant interruption of treatment in 2 and withdrawal from the study in the other.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Cell Count; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Glycine; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Male; Protein Binding; Tablets

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Hypochromic; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ferrous Compounds; Glycine; Humans; Iron; Random Allocation; Tablets; Tablets, Enteric-Coated

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child, Preschool; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Male; Pica

Septicemia occurred in a long-term hemodialysis patient on oral iron supplementation who had been treated for esophageal ulcer by omeprazole, an ulcer-healing drug. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 was recovered from blood cultures. A raised intraintestinal pH and an increased intraluminal iron load may have been contributing factors for the enhanced proliferation and generalized infection of Y enterocolitica.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Bacteremia; Esophageal Diseases; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Omeprazole; Renal Dialysis; Ulcer; Yersinia enterocolitica; Yersinia Infections

At oesophagogastroscopy a web was seen in the upper oesophagus in a female of 73 years with dysphagia. Because she also had a smooth tongue, a low serum iron level and anaemia, the syndrome of Plummer-Vinson was diagnosed. After treatment with ferrous fumarate the dysphagia, the web and the anaemia disappeared and the serum iron rose. The symptomatology of this syndrome is discussed. Remarkably, the pathogenesis is not completely known. There are indications that this uncommon syndrome is a premalignant disorder.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Plummer-Vinson Syndrome; Precancerous Conditions

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Iron

The objective of the present study was to obtain information about the duration of tissue hypoxia in patients with iron deficiency anemia. That fact is of importance for the determination of the duration of maintenance iron therapy. The level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was studied during the treatment, after the correction of anemic syndrome and after 60-day out-patient department treatment. The data obtained revealed that the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was considerably elevated, as compared with the norm, before the treatment. After the active treatment and correction of anemic syndrome it was decreased, but remaining above the norm. By the 60th day of the out-patient department treatment the decrease continued and the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate approached the norm.

Topics: 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Diphosphoglyceric Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors

Iron-induced discolorations at the injection site are rare because oral application is now preferred. A 31-year-old women is described with bilateral gluteal localized siderosis, who had received intramuscular iron injections 9 months before.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Middle Aged; Siderosis; Skin

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Ice; Pica

Blood donation at the accepted frequency of one donation every 8 weeks is generally regarded as excessive for preservation of donor iron reserves, especially in women. A double-blind study was conducted of 627 individuals who had previously donated blood to determine the effect of iron supplementation on iron reserves. Half the donors received ferrous fumarate at a dosage of 66.6 mg elemental iron daily for 45 days. The other half received placebo. Eight blood variables reflecting the iron status of the donors were determined at the time of the initial donation and again 2 months later at the time of their second donation. Statistical analysis of the blood variables indicated that the prescribed amount of ferrous fumarate should be considered the minimal effective dose for maintenance of reduced iron storage in blood donors. However, the data are furnished for the analysis of panels of experts for any conclusions and recommendations concerning this study. Feostat, the iron supplement, was tolerated well by the participating donors. Gastrointestinal upset occurred in eight donors receiving Feostat and in 10 donors receiving placebo.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Blood Donors; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Iron; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Drug Therapy; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Humans; Iron; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Puerperal Disorders

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Feces; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Guaiac; Humans; Iron; Occult Blood; Toxicology

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ferrous Compounds; Iron; Maleates

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ferrous Compounds; Maleates

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Iron

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Iron; Maleates

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ferrous Compounds; Hematologic Diseases; Iron; Maleates

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Child; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Infant; Iron

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ferrous Compounds; Iron; Iron, Dietary

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hemorrhage; Humans; Iron; Menorrhagia; Metrorrhagia; Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms