ferric-carboxymaltose and Chronic-Disease

Anemia and chronic heart failure are frequent comorbidities in geriatric patients. In approximately one third of older adults the cause of the anemia is an iron, vitamin B12 and/or folate deficiency and in another third a chronic inflammatory process is present. In the case of iron deficiency a differentiation must be made between the absolute and functional forms. Although in functional iron deficiency ferritin, as a parameter of iron metabolism, is within the normal range or can even be higher, an iron-deficient erythropoiesis is present. In cardiac insufficiency a chronic inflammatory process is assumed. According to the recent guidelines of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK, German Cardiac Society) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) a routine contol of the iron status should be performed and, if necessary, initiation of adequate supplementation is recommended.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron Compounds; Male; Maltose; Reference Values; Transferrin

Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Female; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Maltose; Neoplasms; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Treatment Outcome; Uterine Hemorrhage

The pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles of evolving therapies for the management of chronic heart failure (HF) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are described.. HF confers a significant financial burden despite the widespread use of traditional guideline-directed medical therapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, and aldosterone receptor antagonists, and the rates of HF-related mortality and hospitalization have remained unacceptably high. In response to a demand for novel pharmacologic agents, several therapeutic compounds have recently gained approval or are currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration. Sacubitril-valsartan has demonstrated benefit in reducing cardiovascular mortality and HF-related hospitalizations in clinical trials, while ivabradine and ferric carboxymaltose have proven efficacious in reducing HF-related hospitalizations. Lastly, the role of serelaxin in ADHF is currently under investigation in an ongoing Phase III study. While large, outcome-driven clinical trials are fundamental in informing the clinical application of these therapeutic agents, careful patient selection is imperative to ensuring similar outcomes postmarketing. In addition, optimization of current guideline-directed medical therapy remains essential as new therapies emerge and are incorporated into guideline recommendations. Additional therapeutic agents currently undergoing investigation include bucindolol hydrochloride, cimaglermin alfa, nitroxyl, omecamtiv mecarbil, TRV027, and ularitide. Clinical practitioners should remain abreast of emerging literature so that new therapeutic entities are optimally applied and positive patient outcomes are achieved.. Recently introduced agents for the treatment of patients with HF include sacubitril-valsartan, ivabradine, and ferric carboxymaltose. Additional agents worthy of attention include serelaxin and other therapies currently under investigation.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aminobutyrates; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Benzazepines; Biphenyl Compounds; Cardiovascular Agents; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Management; Drug Combinations; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Humans; Ivabradine; Maltose; Tetrazoles; Valsartan

Iron deficiency worsens symptoms, quality of life, and exercise capacity in chronic heart failure (CHF) and might do so by promoting fluid retention. We assessed whether iron repletion improved congestion in CHF and appraised the prognostic utility of calculated plasma volume status (PVS), a novel index of congestion, in the FAIR-HF data set.. In FAIR-HF, 459 iron deficient CHF patients were randomized to intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or saline and assessed at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Using weight and haematocrit, we calculated PVS in 436 patients. At baseline, PVS and weight were -5.5 ± 7.7% and 76.9 ± 14.3 kg, with peripheral oedema evident in 35% of subjects. Higher PVS values correlated to other congestion surrogates such as lower serum albumin. At 4 weeks, FCM was associated with greater reductions in weight (0.02) and PVS (P < 0.0001), and a trend for improved peripheral oedema at 24 weeks (0.07). Irrespective of treatment allocation, patients with a decrease in PVS from baseline to week 24 had higher increments in 6 min walking distance (61.4 m vs. 43.5 m, 0.02) and were more likely to improve their NYHA class (33.3% vs. 15.5%, 0.001). A PVS > -4% at baseline predicted worse outcomes even after adjustment for treatment assignment (hazard ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.51, 0.046).. Intravenous iron therapy with FCM is associated with early reductions in PVS and weight, implying that decongestion might be one mechanism via which iron repletion aids CHF patients. Calculated PVS is of prognostic utility in this cohort.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Iron Metabolism Disorders; Male; Maltose; Middle Aged; Plasma Volume

Iron deficiency is a common but treatable comorbidity in chronic heart failure (CHF) that is associated with impaired health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL). This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the intravenous iron preparation ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for the treatment of iron deficiency in CHF from a Swedish healthcare perspective.. A cost-effectiveness analysis with a time horizon of 24 weeks was performed to compare FCM treatment with placebo. Data on health outcomes and medical resource use were mainly taken from the FAIR-HF trial and combined with Swedish cost data. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated as well as the change in per-patient costs for primary care and hospital care.. In the FCM group compared with placebo, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are higher (difference = 0.037 QALYs), but so are per-patient costs [(difference = SEK 2789 (€303)]. Primary care and hospital care equally share the additional costs, but within hospitals there is a major shift of costs from inpatient care to outpatient care. The ICER is SEK 75,389 (€8194) per QALY. The robustness of the result is supported by sensitivity analyses.. Treatment of iron deficiency in CHF with FCM compared with placebo is estimated to be cost-effective. The ICER in the base case scenario is twice as high as previously thought, but noticeably below SEK 500,000 (€54,300) per QALY, an informal average reference value used by the Swedish Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency. Increased HRQoL and fewer hospitalizations are the key drivers of this result.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Chronic Disease; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferric Compounds; Health Services; Heart Failure; Humans; Inpatients; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Maltose; Middle Aged; Models, Econometric; Outpatients; Quality of Life; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Sweden

Therapy with i.v. iron in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and iron deficiency (ID) improves symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life. We sought to investigate whether these beneficial outcomes are independent of anaemia.. FAIR-HF randomized 459 patients with CHF [NYHA class II or III, LVEF ≤40% (NYHA II) or ≤45% (NYHA III)] and ID to i.v. iron as ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. We analysed the efficacy and safety according to the presence or absence of anaemia (haemoglobin ≤120 g/L) at baseline. Of 459 patients, 232 had anaemia at baseline (51%). The effect of FCM on the primary endpoints of self-reported Patient Global Assessment (PGA) and NYHA class at week 24 was similar in patients with and without anaemia [odds ratio (OR) for improvement, 2.48 vs. 2.60, P = 0.97 for PGA and 1.90 vs. 3.39, P = 0.51 for NYHA). Results were also similar for the secondary endpoints, including PGA and NYHA at weeks 4 and 12, 6 min walk test distance, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall score, and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions Visual Analogue Scale at most time points. Regarding safety, no differences were noticed in the rates of death or first hospitalization between FCM and placebo both in anaemic and in non-anaemic patients.. Treatment of ID with FCM in patients with CHF is equally efficacious and shows a similar favourable safety profile irrespective of anaemia. Iron status should be assessed in symptomatic CHF patients both with and without anaemia and treatment of ID should be considered.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Hematinics; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Maltose; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome

Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) show impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), an important target for therapeutic intervention. Impaired iron homeostasis may be one mechanism underlying the poor physical condition of CHF patients. This detailed subanalysis of the previously published FAIR-HF study evaluated baseline HRQoL in iron-deficient patients with CHF and the effect of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on HRQoL.. FAIR-HF randomized 459 patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and iron deficiency, with or without anaemia, to FCM or placebo (2:1). Health-related quality of life was assessed at baseline and after 4, 12, and 24 weeks of therapy using the generic EQ-5D questionnaire and disease-specific Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire (KCCQ). Baseline mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 54.3 ± 16.4 and KCCQ overall summary score was 52.4 ± 18.8. Ferric carboxymaltose significantly improved VAS and KCCQ (mean differences from baseline in KCCQ overall, clinical and total symptom scores, P< 0.001 vs. placebo) at all time points. At week 24, significant improvement vs. placebo was observed in four of the five EQ-5D dimensions: mobility (P= 0.004), self-care (P< 0.001), pain/discomfort (P= 0.006), anxiety/depression (P= 0.012), and usual activity (P= 0.035). Ferric carboxymaltose improved all KCCQ domain mean scores from Week 4 onward (P≤ 0.05), except for self-efficacy and social limitation. Effects were present in both anaemic and non-anaemic patients.. HRQoL is impaired in iron-deficient patients with CHF. Intravenous FCM significantly improved HRQoL after 4 weeks, and throughout the remaining study period. The positive effects of FCM were independent of anaemia status.

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind Method; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Hematinics; Homeostasis; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Iron Deficiencies; Maltose; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in the setting of non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) may benefit from treatment with intravenous (IV) iron. Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a novel IV iron formulation designed to permit larger infusions compared to currently available IV standards such as Venofer(R) (iron sucrose).. The primary objective of REPAIR-IDA is to estimate the cardiovascular safety and efficacy of FCM (two doses at 15 mg/kg to a maximum of 750 mg per dose) compared to Venofer(R) (1000 mg administered as five infusions of 200 mg) in subjects who have IDA and NDD-CKD. REPAIR-IDA is a multi-centre, randomized, active-controlled, open-label study. Eligible patients must have haemoglobin (Hgb) < or = 11.5 g/dL and CKD defined as (1) GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) on two occasions or (2) GFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and either evidence of renal injury by urinalysis or elevated Framingham cardiovascular risk score. Two thousand and five hundred patients will be randomized to FCM or Venofer(R) in a 1:1 ratio. The primary efficacy endpoint is mean change in Hgb from baseline to the highest observed Hgb between baseline and Day 56. The primary safety endpoint is the proportion of subjects experiencing at least one of the following events: death due to any cause, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, unstable angina requiring hospitalization, congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization or medical intervention, arrhythmias, hypertension or hypotension during the 120 days following randomization.. REPAIR-IDA will assess the efficacy and safety of two 750-mg infusions of FCM compared to an FDA-approved IV iron regimen in patients with NDD-CKD at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Female; Ferric Compounds; Ferric Oxide, Saccharated; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Glucaric Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Maltose; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sucrose; Treatment Outcome

Iron deficiency (ID) and anaemia are common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The presence of anaemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in CHF, and ID is a major reason for the development of anaemia. Preliminary studies using intravenous (i.v.) iron supplementation alone in patients with CHF and ID have shown improvements in symptom status. FAIR-HF (Clinical Trials.gov NCT00520780) was designed to determine the effect of i.v. iron repletion therapy using ferric carboxymaltose on self-reported patient global assessment (PGA) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) in patients with CHF and ID.. This is a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study recruiting ambulatory patients with symptomatic CHF with LVEF < or = 40% (NYHA II) or < or =45% (NYHA III), ID [ferritin <100 ng/mL or ferritin 100-300 ng/mL when transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20%], and haemoglobin 9.5-13.5 g/dL. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject((R))) 200 mg iron i.v. or saline i.v. weekly until iron repletion (correction phase), then monthly until Week 24 (maintenance phase). Primary endpoints are (i) self-reported PGA at Week 24 and (ii) NYHA class at Week 24, adjusted for baseline NYHA class.. This study will provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of iron repletion with ferric carboxymaltose in CHF patients with ID with and without anaemia.

Topics: Algorithms; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Clinical Protocols; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Maltose; Patient Care; Reference Values; Research Design; Treatment Outcome

Iron deficiency may impair aerobic performance. This study aimed to determine whether treatment with intravenous iron (ferric carboxymaltose) would improve symptoms in patients who had heart failure, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and iron deficiency, either with or without anemia.. We enrolled 459 patients with chronic heart failure of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II or III, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less (for patients with NYHA class II) or 45% or less (for NYHA class III), iron deficiency (ferritin level <100 microg per liter or between 100 and 299 microg per liter, if the transferrin saturation was <20%), and a hemoglobin level of 95 to 135 g per liter. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive 200 mg of intravenous iron (ferric carboxymaltose) or saline (placebo). The primary end points were the self-reported Patient Global Assessment and NYHA functional class, both at week 24. Secondary end points included the distance walked in 6 minutes and the health-related quality of life.. Among the patients receiving ferric carboxymaltose, 50% reported being much or moderately improved, as compared with 28% of patients receiving placebo, according to the Patient Global Assessment (odds ratio for improvement, 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75 to 3.61). Among the patients assigned to ferric carboxymaltose, 47% had an NYHA functional class I or II at week 24, as compared with 30% of patients assigned to placebo (odds ratio for improvement by one class, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.55 to 3.71). Results were similar in patients with anemia and those without anemia. Significant improvements were seen with ferric carboxymaltose in the distance on the 6-minute walk test and quality-of-life assessments. The rates of death, adverse events, and serious adverse events were similar in the two study groups.. Treatment with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with chronic heart failure and iron deficiency, with or without anemia, improves symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life; the side-effect profile is acceptable. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00520780).

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Female; Ferric Compounds; Ferritins; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Hematinics; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Maltose; Quality of Life; Stroke Volume; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

We evaluated an on-demand ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) infusion strategy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).. The primary outcome was the response rate to single or multiple FCM infusions after 12 months. Secondary outcomes were the response rate to a single FCM infusion after 3 months and the FCM safety profile.. We retrospectively included 185 IBD patients who received at least one FCM infusion of 500 mg, between 2015 and 2018. FCM was administered to patients with Hb ≤10 g/dL and hypoferritinemia and repeated according to the physician's assessment. Complete response (CR) was defined as Hb ≥12 g/dL (≥13 g/dL for men) or Hb increase ≥2 g/dL. Partial response (PR) was defined as an Hb increase between 1 and 2 g/dL. A univariate analysis was performed at 3 and 12 months.. After 12 months, the response rate was 75.1% (CR, 48.6%; PR, 26.4%; mean number of FCM infusions, 1.7 ± 1.1). In total 169/185 patients received a single FCM infusion during the first 3 months and 79.2% achieved response (CR, 56.8%; PR, 22.4%). At univariate analysis, no variable was associated with response. No adverse events were reported.. An on-demand strategy was effective and well-tolerated in treating IDA in IBD patients.

Topics: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Maltose; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Budgets; Chronic Disease; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Humans; Italy; Maltose; Markov Chains; Models, Econometric

This analysis aims to evaluate the budget impact of intravenous iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose for patients with systolic chronic heart failure and iron deficiency, from the perspective of the French public health insurance.. A budget impact model was adapted to forecast the budget impact over 5 years, according to two scenarios: one where patients receive ferric carboxymaltose according to market share forecast and another where patients are not treated for iron deficiency. Clinical data were extrapolated from pooled data from four randomized controlled trials. The time horizon was extended to 5 years by applying transition probabilities estimated from the CONFIRM-HF trial. Epidemiological parameters for France were derived from the literature. Cost parameters were derived from national available databases. In the base case analysis, the modelled 5 year cost difference between the scenarios with ferric carboxymaltose vs. no iron deficiency treatment in a population of 189 334 prevalent and incident patients led to €0.8m savings. The cumulative savings resulted from a reduction in the hospitalization costs associated with worsening heart failure (€-35.8m) as well as a reduction in the follow-up costs (€-2.9m). These cost savings outweighed the costs of ferric carboxymaltose treatment (€37.7m). Sensitivity analyses showed that the budget impact varied from €-34m to €+146m. Parameters with the most impact on the budget were the hospitalization rate for patients not treated for iron deficiency, the number of ambulatory sessions needed, the absence of hospitalization cost differentiation between New York Heart Association classes, and administration settings costs.. Iron deficiency treatment with ferric carboxymaltose in systolic chronic heart failure patients results in an improvement of New York Heart Association class and thereby increases the well-being of the patients, while providing an overall cost saving for the French national health insurance.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Chronic Disease; Cost Savings; Ferric Compounds; France; Heart Failure; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Iron Metabolism Disorders; Maltose; Models, Economic

Iron deficiency is a prevalent and clinically relevant comorbidity in up to 50% of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Iron deficiency in CHF patients is associated with impaired quality of life, reduced exercise capacity and increased mortality, irrespective of the presence of anaemia. It is diagnosed by determining circulating ferritin levels and transferrin saturation. Three randomised trials (CONFIRM-HF, FAIR-HF, and EFFECT-HF) of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of iron deficiency in CHF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction demonstrated improvement of symptoms, functional capacity and quality of life. These beneficial effects were independent of the presence of anaemia. In addition, CONFIRM-HF and subsequent meta-analyses indicated that treatment of iron deficiency may reduce the rate of hospitalisations for worsening CHF. Oral iron is available at lower cost than intravenous iron, but its use did not translate into beneficial effects in CHF patients with iron deficiency. Large randomised trials designed to assess long-term clinical outcomes of iron treatment in CHF patients are pending. Current guidelines advise establishing evidence-based pharmacological and device therapy to improve symptoms and prognosis in patients with CHF. In addition, screening for iron deficiency is recommended. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose should be considered for treating iron deficiency in ambulatory symptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in order to alleviate heart failure symptoms, and to improve exercise capacity and quality of life.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Maltose; Prognosis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Iron deficiency is now recognized as an independent predictor of poor outcome in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. In randomized controlled trials, treatment with ferric carboxymaltose results in improvement in functional capacity, symptoms and quality of life, and might reduce hospitalizations. Thus, the recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines on heart failure recommend treating these patients with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose, whether or not anemic.. Récemment, la carence martiale a été reconnue comme un marqueur indépendant de mauvais pronostic dans l’insuffisance cardiaque à fraction d’éjection du ventricule gauche (FEVG) diminuée. Des études randomisées contrôlées ont démontré que l’administration de fer intraveineux améliore la capacité fonctionnelle, les symptômes et la qualité de vie de ces patients, et pourrait diminuer la fréquence des hospitalisations. Ainsi, les nouvelles recommandations de la Société européenne de cardiologie de 2016 mentionnent de traiter la carence martiale chez ces patients par l’administration intraveineuse de fer, qu’ils soient anémiques ou non.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Maltose; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Ferric Compounds; Ferritins; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Iron Deficiencies; Maltose; Menorrhagia; Transferrin

Anemia in the elderly is a common clinical finding. Prevalence in hospitalized geriatric patients approximates up to 40% presenting as iron deficiency anemia associated with absolute iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease associated with functional iron deficiency or unexplained anemia. In patients with functional iron deficiency oral iron substitution is ineffective due to elevated hepcidin levels, such as in renal anemia. In these patients intravenous iron substitution represents a cornerstone. However, data among geriatric patients are limited. We conducted three non-interventional studies collecting data with respect to efficacy and tolerance of ferric carboxymaltose (ferinject) in three patient groups (cancer, chronic kidney disease [CKD], chronic inflammatory bowel disease [CIBD]) with anemia and functional iron deficiency. The present sub-analysis describes the results among the geriatric patients (age > 70 years) observed in all three observational studies.. 264 patients were analyzed (mean age of 76.9 years [70-90 years; SD +/- 5.2 years]). Patients received an average amount of 1200 mg ferric carboxymaltose (746-1575 mg).. Hemoglobin levels (p < 0.001), serum ferritin (p < 0.001) and transferrin saturation (p < 0.05) rose significantly in CKD patients; in CIBD patients hemoglobin and transferrin saturation rose significantly (p < 0.05) while the rise of ferritin failed to be significant. In oncologic patients the rise of hemoglobin and ferritin levels was of high statistic significance (p < 0.001) and transferrin saturation also rose significantly (p = 0.02) Fatigue, mental capacities as well as dyspnea improved among CKD-and CIBD-groups. No severe adverse reactions occurred.. Administration of ferric carboxymaltose in geriatric patients is well tolerated and offers an effective treatment option for the treatment of functional iron deficiency.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Ferric Compounds; Follow-Up Studies; Germany; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Maltose; Transferrin

Topics: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Hematinics; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Iron-Dextran Complex; Maltose

Topics: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Ferric Compounds; Heart Failure; Hematinics; Humans; Iron Deficiencies; Maltose; Stroke Volume