fentanyl and Postoperative Complications studies

Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.

Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" One patient in the propofol group developed delirium compared to zero in desflurane."	9.24	The effect of desflurane versus propofol anesthesia on postoperative delirium in elderly obese patients undergoing total knee replacement: A randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. ( Goodman, S; Huddleston, J; Lemmens, HJ; Maloney, W; Sommer, BR; Tanaka, P, 2017)
"Our results showed that patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery receiving fentanyl anesthesia developed postoperative tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and this was more prominent in high dose group."	9.19	Acute high dose-fentanyl exposure produces hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia after coronary artery bypass surgery. ( Cinar, S; Doganci, S; Dogrul, A; Eksert, S; Eskin, MB; Ince, ME; Ozkan, G; Yildirim, V, 2014)
"Although fentanyl suppresses tracheal tube-induced cough during anesthetic recovery, it has not been proven if its antitussive effect is dose dependent and complication free."	9.15	Dose-dependent attenuation by fentanyl on cough during emergence from general anesthesia. ( Choi, EM; Jeong, JJ; Lee, JR; Moon, BE; Na, S; Yoo, YC, 2011)
"kg(-1) added to bupivacaine significantly improves the quality of intraoperative analgesia and prolongs postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia."	9.14	Effects of intrathecal fentanyl on quality of spinal anesthesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. ( Apiliogullari, S; Duman, A; Duman, I, 2010)
"We examined the efficacy of intraoperative propofol administration to prevent pruritus induced by epidural morphine."	9.12	The impact of intraoperative propofol administration in the prevention of postoperative pruritus induced by epidural morphine. ( Christodoulaki, K; Crepi, E; Grigoropoulou, I; Kitsou, M; Kontogiannopoulou, S; Kostopanagiotou, G; Matiatou, S; Matsota, P; Niokou, D; Pandazi, A, 2006)
"Sixty-one adult female patients (ASA PS I-II; age, 32-77 years) without an apparent history of sleep apnea and respiratory disease undergoing major breast cancer surgery on an outpatient basis and with planned overnight admission were randomized to one of two anesthesia maintenance groups: sevoflurane anesthesia (SEV, n = 31) or intravenous propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium anesthesia (TIVA, n = 30)."	9.12	Nocturnal episodic hypoxemia after ambulatory breast cancer surgery: comparison of sevoflurane and propofol-fentanyl anesthesia. ( Fukuda, K; Shirakami, G; Teratani, Y, 2006)
"5 microg/kg of fentanyl during induction while maintaining anesthesia by sevoflurane in patients with moderate developmental disabilities undergoing dental care, without causing an increase in postoperative adverse effects and affecting the patient's life quality after discharge."	9.11	The effects of low-dose fentanyl on emergence agitation and quality of life in patients with moderate developmental disabilities. ( Chen, CC; Hung, WT; Liou, CM; Tsai, WY, 2005)
"Two groups represented RITM (n = 12) and fentanyl-based (controls, n = 12) anesthesia."	9.10	A combination of intrathecal morphine and remifentanil anesthesia for fast-track cardiac anesthesia and surgery. ( Abel, R; Bowler, I; Djaiani, G; Dunne, J; Hall, J; Pugh, S, 2002)
"This study compares remifentanil/propofol (remi/prop) with isoflurane/fentanyl (iso/fen) anesthesia to determine which provides the greater hemodynamic stability, lesser myocardial ischemia, and morbidity with better postoperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy."	9.10	Hemodynamic stability, myocardial ischemia, and perioperative outcome after carotid surgery with remifentanil/propofol or isoflurane/fentanyl anesthesia. ( Baker, WH; Jellish, WS; Louie, EK; Sheikh, T; Slogoff, S, 2003)
" Therefore, we studied the effect of remifentanil on POV compared with the longer-acting opioid fentanyl in children undergoing strabismus surgery."	9.10	The effect of remifentanil or fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and pain in children undergoing strabismus surgery. ( Ehlers, R; Eissler, BJ; Eltzschig, HK; Felbinger, TW; Guggenberger, H; Schroeder, TH; Vonthein, R, 2002)
"Fifty-four ASA I and II children 1 to 10 yr of age undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized to receive in a double-blind fashion intravenous ketorolac (0."	9.08	The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery. ( Guarnieri, KM; Mendel, HG; Sundt, LM; Torjman, MC, 1995)
" This difference was still significant when controlling for age, body weight, history of motion sickness, previous PONV episodes, duration of anesthesia, and intraoperative fentanyl consumption using a logistic model."	9.08	Ondansetron versus metoclopramide in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. ( Finco, G; Gottin, L; Grosso, S; Ischia, S; Mosaner, W; Pinaroli, AM; Polati, E; Verlato, G, 1997)
"We compared the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total intravenous propofol-fentanyl anesthesia (TIVA group) and that after thiamylal-nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia (GOI group) in 60 ASA physical I and II patients for elective abdominal simple total hysterectomy."	9.08	[A comparison of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after propofol-fentanyl anesthesia and that after nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia]. ( Asada, A; Koh, H; Koyama, S; Noda, K; Tagami, N, 1998)
"The incidence of postoperative vomiting after squint surgery was studied for two anaesthetic techniques with and without prophylactic dixyrazine."	9.07	The effects of prophylactic dixyrazine on postoperative vomiting after two different anaesthetic methods for squint surgery in children. ( Karlsson, E; Larsson, LE; Nilsson, K, 1993)
"We asked whether the sympathomimetic effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) predisposed patients receiving N2O to arrhythmias in response to epinephrine administration."	9.06	Nitrous oxide and epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. ( Donegan, JH; Fouts, KE; Lampe, GH; Litt, LL; Rampil, IJ; Rose, BM; Rupp, SM; Wauk, LZ; Whitendale, P; Wilson, CB, 1990)
"Using fentanyl after surgical clipping for ruptured intracranial aneurysms might decrease headache and produce few adverse effects."	7.96	Effectiveness of Low-Dose Intravenous Fentanyl for Postoperative Headache Management After Neck Clipping of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms. ( Ikeda, G; Ishikawa, E; Matsumaru, Y; Matsumura, A; Nakai, Y; Terakado, T; Uemura, K, 2020)
"BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of remifentanil-based fast-track anesthesia for intraoperative device closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs)."	7.91	Comparison of Remifentanil-Based Fast-Track and Fentanyl-Based Routine Cardiac Anesthesia for Intraoperative Device Closure of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Pediatric Patients. ( Huang, Q; Lin, LY; Lin, XZ, 2019)
" We intubated the patient immediately for apnea that occurred after extubation."	7.79	[A case of tracheal intubation for apnea with epidural opioid in recovery room after operation under general anesthesia]. ( Ouchi, K; Sugiyama, K; Uno, H, 2013)
"In this retrospective cohort study, data from 195 consecutive patients who underwent gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were analyzed to evaluate the association between postoperative continuous infusion of fentanyl and the incidence of orthostatic intolerance or delayed ambulation."	7.78	Postoperative continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl is associated with the development of orthostatic intolerance and delayed ambulation in patients after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. ( Iwata, Y; Koyama, T; Mizota, T; Mizota, Y; Shichino, T, 2012)
" We treated a 50s female with pain and dyspnea from bone metastasis and lymphangitis carcinomatosa after surgery for NSCLC in whom the optimal dosages of transdermal fentanyl (Durotep Patch) were determined by titration with fentanyl injection, and oxycodone hydrochloride (OxyContin) in a short period."	7.76	[Successful management of a patient with pain and dyspnea from bone metastasis and lymphangitis carcinomatosa after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in whom optimal dosages of transdermal fentanyl were determined by titration with fentanyl i ( Eguchi, K; Gika, M; Inoue, Y; Izawa, N; Nakayama, M; Takeuchi, K, 2010)
"The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in propofol-anesthetized patients receiving either fentanyl or pentazocine as opioid supplement."	7.74	[Postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia using propofol combined with fentanyl or pentazocine]. ( Abe, F; Furuya, A; Nagamine, N; Nonaka, A; Suzuki, S, 2007)
"Intrathecal morphine can produce hypothermia in animals."	7.73	Hypothermia after cesarean delivery and its reversal with lorazepam. ( Hess, PE; Snowman, CE; Wang, J, 2005)
"Atracurium was used for muscle relaxation in both groups."	6.74	Remifentanil-induced abdominal pain: a randomised clinical trial. ( Bameshki, A; Jahanbakhsh, S; Khashayar, P, 2009)
"We hypothesized that better methods of postoperative pain control would decrease postoperative delirium."	6.70	[Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl suppresses postoperative delirium following hepatectomy]. ( Kawamoto, M; Tanaka, H; Tokita, K; Yuge, O, 2001)
" The postoperative 12, 24, and 48 h static/dynamic visual analog scale (VAS) scores, intraoperative fentanyl consumption, postoperative extubation time, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time, hospitalization days, postoperative complications, and other indicators were compared between the two groups."	5.69	Effect of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block on perioperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic lobectomy in China: An interventional clinical randomized controlled trial. ( Ding, Z; Gong, C; Li, B; Ma, R; Wen, L, 2023)
"Naloxone (200 microg) treatment was used to reverse fentanyl effects, but it was associated with hypertension."	5.35	Naloxone-induced pulmonary edema: a potential cause of postoperative morbidity in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. ( Nath, SS; Pandey, C; Rao, B; Tripathi, M, 2009)
" One patient in the propofol group developed delirium compared to zero in desflurane."	5.24	The effect of desflurane versus propofol anesthesia on postoperative delirium in elderly obese patients undergoing total knee replacement: A randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. ( Goodman, S; Huddleston, J; Lemmens, HJ; Maloney, W; Sommer, BR; Tanaka, P, 2017)
"Our results showed that patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery receiving fentanyl anesthesia developed postoperative tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and this was more prominent in high dose group."	5.19	Acute high dose-fentanyl exposure produces hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia after coronary artery bypass surgery. ( Cinar, S; Doganci, S; Dogrul, A; Eksert, S; Eskin, MB; Ince, ME; Ozkan, G; Yildirim, V, 2014)
"A dose of 1 mg/kg of tramadol administered intravenously 30 minutes before the expected extubation, compared with 1 μg/kg of fentanyl, decreased cough incidence, improved emergence quality, and provided stable hemodynamics."	5.16	Comparison between intraoperative fentanyl and tramadol to improve quality of emergence. ( Chan, SM; Cherng, CH; Hung, NK; Ju, DT; Lin, BF; Wu, CT; Yeh, CC, 2012)
"Although fentanyl suppresses tracheal tube-induced cough during anesthetic recovery, it has not been proven if its antitussive effect is dose dependent and complication free."	5.15	Dose-dependent attenuation by fentanyl on cough during emergence from general anesthesia. ( Choi, EM; Jeong, JJ; Lee, JR; Moon, BE; Na, S; Yoo, YC, 2011)
" fentanyl affected the number of children who develop postextubation adverse upper airway respiratory events, (upper airway obstruction, laryngospasm) and/or early postoperative hypoxemia."	5.14	Presurgical fentanyl vs caudal block and the incidence of adverse respiratory events in children after orchidopexy. ( Bolos, ME; Chuang, AZ; Khalil, SN; Lingadevaru, HS; Maposa, D; Matuszczak, ME, 2009)
"In this post hoc analysis, larger doses of fentanyl administered intraoperatively and longer duration of mechanical ventilation were associated with postoperative delirium in the elderly after cardiac surgery."	5.14	Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. ( Burkhart, CS; Dell-Kuster, S; Filipovic, M; Gamberini, M; Grapow, M; Moeckli, A; Monsch, AU; Seeberger, MD; Steiner, LA; Strebel, SP, 2010)
"kg(-1) added to bupivacaine significantly improves the quality of intraoperative analgesia and prolongs postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia."	5.14	Effects of intrathecal fentanyl on quality of spinal anesthesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. ( Apiliogullari, S; Duman, A; Duman, I, 2010)
" Apnea periods >20 seconds and decreases in SaO2 <90% occurred more frequently in group R (31."	5.14	Remifentanil versus fentanyl for esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children. ( Hirsh, I; Lerner, A; Pacht, A; Pizov, R; Reuveni, A; Segol, O; Shnaider, I, 2010)
"We examined the efficacy of intraoperative propofol administration to prevent pruritus induced by epidural morphine."	5.12	The impact of intraoperative propofol administration in the prevention of postoperative pruritus induced by epidural morphine. ( Christodoulaki, K; Crepi, E; Grigoropoulou, I; Kitsou, M; Kontogiannopoulou, S; Kostopanagiotou, G; Matiatou, S; Matsota, P; Niokou, D; Pandazi, A, 2006)
"Sixty-one adult female patients (ASA PS I-II; age, 32-77 years) without an apparent history of sleep apnea and respiratory disease undergoing major breast cancer surgery on an outpatient basis and with planned overnight admission were randomized to one of two anesthesia maintenance groups: sevoflurane anesthesia (SEV, n = 31) or intravenous propofol, fentanyl, and vecuronium anesthesia (TIVA, n = 30)."	5.12	Nocturnal episodic hypoxemia after ambulatory breast cancer surgery: comparison of sevoflurane and propofol-fentanyl anesthesia. ( Fukuda, K; Shirakami, G; Teratani, Y, 2006)
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in the pediatric ambulatory surgical population, the efficacy of: (i) oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC), when given preoperatively, to reduce postoperative excitement associated with sevoflurane, and (ii) intravenous ondansetron to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) associated with OTFC."	5.11	The effect of premedication with OTFC, with or without ondansetron, on postoperative agitation, and nausea and vomiting in pediatric ambulatory patients. ( Bachman, C; Binstock, W; Kahana, M; Lynch, JP; McDade, W; Rubin, R, 2004)
"Our results show that in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair, pain control with a preoperative caudal block as compared to intraoperative intravenous fentanyl significantly reduces the incidence of emergence agitation and pain scores following sevoflurane anesthesia."	5.11	Preoperative caudal block prevents emergence agitation in children following sevoflurane anesthesia. ( Aouad, MT; Baraka, AS; Gerges, FJ; Kanazi, GE; Rizk, LB; Siddik-Sayyid, SM, 2005)
"5 microg/kg of fentanyl during induction while maintaining anesthesia by sevoflurane in patients with moderate developmental disabilities undergoing dental care, without causing an increase in postoperative adverse effects and affecting the patient's life quality after discharge."	5.11	The effects of low-dose fentanyl on emergence agitation and quality of life in patients with moderate developmental disabilities. ( Chen, CC; Hung, WT; Liou, CM; Tsai, WY, 2005)
"Two groups represented RITM (n = 12) and fentanyl-based (controls, n = 12) anesthesia."	5.10	A combination of intrathecal morphine and remifentanil anesthesia for fast-track cardiac anesthesia and surgery. ( Abel, R; Bowler, I; Djaiani, G; Dunne, J; Hall, J; Pugh, S, 2002)
"This study compares remifentanil/propofol (remi/prop) with isoflurane/fentanyl (iso/fen) anesthesia to determine which provides the greater hemodynamic stability, lesser myocardial ischemia, and morbidity with better postoperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy."	5.10	Hemodynamic stability, myocardial ischemia, and perioperative outcome after carotid surgery with remifentanil/propofol or isoflurane/fentanyl anesthesia. ( Baker, WH; Jellish, WS; Louie, EK; Sheikh, T; Slogoff, S, 2003)
" Therefore, we studied the effect of remifentanil on POV compared with the longer-acting opioid fentanyl in children undergoing strabismus surgery."	5.10	The effect of remifentanil or fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and pain in children undergoing strabismus surgery. ( Ehlers, R; Eissler, BJ; Eltzschig, HK; Felbinger, TW; Guggenberger, H; Schroeder, TH; Vonthein, R, 2002)
"Propofol-fentanyl seems to be a better anesthetic than isoflurane-fentanyl in reducing the incidence of nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery."	5.08	Propofol-based anesthesia as compared with standard anesthetic techniques for middle ear surgery. ( Fowles, S; Jellish, WS; Leonetti, JP; Murdoch, JR, 1995)
"Fifty-four ASA I and II children 1 to 10 yr of age undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized to receive in a double-blind fashion intravenous ketorolac (0."	5.08	The effects of ketorolac and fentanyl on postoperative vomiting and analgesic requirements in children undergoing strabismus surgery. ( Guarnieri, KM; Mendel, HG; Sundt, LM; Torjman, MC, 1995)
" Cardiac morbidity (postoperative myocardial ischemia, postoperative myocardial infarction, and perioperative sympathoadrenal stress response), respiratory morbidity (postextubation apnea, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, pulmonary shunting, oxygen consumption, atelectasis, and reintubation), hemodynamic values and vasoactive medication requirements, intraoperative awareness, postoperative cognitive function, 30 day mortality, and intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay were compared between the two groups."	5.08	Morbidity outcome in early versus conventional tracheal extubation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a prospective randomized controlled trial. ( Asokumar, B; Carroll, J; Cheng, DC; David, T; Karski, J; Mickle, D; Nierenberg, H; Peniston, C; Raveendran, G; Roger, S; Sandler, A; Tong, J; Zelovitsky, J, 1996)
" This difference was still significant when controlling for age, body weight, history of motion sickness, previous PONV episodes, duration of anesthesia, and intraoperative fentanyl consumption using a logistic model."	5.08	Ondansetron versus metoclopramide in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. ( Finco, G; Gottin, L; Grosso, S; Ischia, S; Mosaner, W; Pinaroli, AM; Polati, E; Verlato, G, 1997)
" Data extracted from surgery and the initial 48 hours postoperatively included gender, age, supratentorial versus infratentorial craniotomy, type of anesthesia (general versus monitored anesthesia care), intraoperative fentanyl dose, duration of anesthesia, antiemetic administration intraoperatively and postoperatively, and incidence of postoperative nausea, emesis, and opioid use."	5.08	Postoperative nausea and vomiting. A retrospective analysis in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. ( Borel, CO; el-Moalem, HE; Fabling, JM; Gan, TJ; Guy, J; Warner, DS, 1997)
"05 mg kg(-1) +droperidol 20 microg kg(-1) was given as prophylaxis for postoperative pain and emesis, respectively."	5.08	Desflurane versus propofol maintenance for outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ( Aasbø, V; Buanes, T; Grøgaard, B; Mjåland, O; Raeder, JC, 1998)
"We compared the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total intravenous propofol-fentanyl anesthesia (TIVA group) and that after thiamylal-nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia (GOI group) in 60 ASA physical I and II patients for elective abdominal simple total hysterectomy."	5.08	[A comparison of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after propofol-fentanyl anesthesia and that after nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia]. ( Asada, A; Koh, H; Koyama, S; Noda, K; Tagami, N, 1998)
"The incidence of postoperative vomiting after squint surgery was studied for two anaesthetic techniques with and without prophylactic dixyrazine."	5.07	The effects of prophylactic dixyrazine on postoperative vomiting after two different anaesthetic methods for squint surgery in children. ( Karlsson, E; Larsson, LE; Nilsson, K, 1993)
"We asked whether the sympathomimetic effect of nitrous oxide (N2O) predisposed patients receiving N2O to arrhythmias in response to epinephrine administration."	5.06	Nitrous oxide and epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. ( Donegan, JH; Fouts, KE; Lampe, GH; Litt, LL; Rampil, IJ; Rose, BM; Rupp, SM; Wauk, LZ; Whitendale, P; Wilson, CB, 1990)
"The efficacy of nicardipine vs nitroprusside in controlling hypertension after sternotomy was compared in 120 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and anesthetized with fentanyl (100 micrograms/kg)."	5.06	Antihypertensive and anti-ischemic effects of nicardipine and nitroprusside in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. ( Deen, L; Dijkhuis, JP; Koolen, JJ; Moulijn, AC; van Wezel, HB; Vergroesen, I; Visser, CA, 1989)
"Forty patients who had undergone coronary artery graft surgery and who required vasodilator therapy for postoperative hypertension were given infusions of either alfentanil or morphine together with bolus doses of midazolam for sedation and analgesia while ventilation was controlled artificially."	5.06	Sedation following cardiac surgery: evaluation of alfentanil and morphine in the presence of a computerized closed loop arterial pressure controller. ( Church, JA; Kenny, GN; McMenemin, IM, 1988)
"In two prospective, randomized studies the frequency of headache, nausea, vomiting, and analgesic requirement during the first postoperative 24 h was observed in order to study differences between the sexes and the inhalation anesthetics halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, or balanced anesthesia with enflurane/alfentanil."	5.06	[Complaints in the postoperative phase related to anesthetics]. ( Fritz, T; Guggenberger, E; Guggenberger, H; Heuser, D; Warth, H; Wittkowski, KM, 1988)
"In a randomized study of 100 women (ASA 1-2) undergoing termination of pregnancy as outpatients, the combination of midazolam-fentanyl-nitrous oxide was compared with thiopentone-fentanyl-nitrous oxide."	5.05	Comparison between midazolam and thiopentone-based balanced anaesthesia for day-case surgery. ( Andersen, RS; Carl, P; Crawford, ME; Mikkelsen, BO, 1984)
" fentanyl for outpatient termination of pregnancy."	5.05	Anaesthesia for outpatient termination of pregnancy. A comparison of two anaesthetic techniques. ( Avery, AJ; Garrioch, DB; Hackett, GH; Harris, MN; Plantevin, OM; Pringle, HM, 1982)
"Using fentanyl after surgical clipping for ruptured intracranial aneurysms might decrease headache and produce few adverse effects."	3.96	Effectiveness of Low-Dose Intravenous Fentanyl for Postoperative Headache Management After Neck Clipping of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms. ( Ikeda, G; Ishikawa, E; Matsumaru, Y; Matsumura, A; Nakai, Y; Terakado, T; Uemura, K, 2020)
"BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of remifentanil-based fast-track anesthesia for intraoperative device closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs)."	3.91	Comparison of Remifentanil-Based Fast-Track and Fentanyl-Based Routine Cardiac Anesthesia for Intraoperative Device Closure of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Pediatric Patients. ( Huang, Q; Lin, LY; Lin, XZ, 2019)
" We intubated the patient immediately for apnea that occurred after extubation."	3.79	[A case of tracheal intubation for apnea with epidural opioid in recovery room after operation under general anesthesia]. ( Ouchi, K; Sugiyama, K; Uno, H, 2013)
"In this retrospective cohort study, data from 195 consecutive patients who underwent gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were analyzed to evaluate the association between postoperative continuous infusion of fentanyl and the incidence of orthostatic intolerance or delayed ambulation."	3.78	Postoperative continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl is associated with the development of orthostatic intolerance and delayed ambulation in patients after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. ( Iwata, Y; Koyama, T; Mizota, T; Mizota, Y; Shichino, T, 2012)
" We treated a 50s female with pain and dyspnea from bone metastasis and lymphangitis carcinomatosa after surgery for NSCLC in whom the optimal dosages of transdermal fentanyl (Durotep Patch) were determined by titration with fentanyl injection, and oxycodone hydrochloride (OxyContin) in a short period."	3.76	[Successful management of a patient with pain and dyspnea from bone metastasis and lymphangitis carcinomatosa after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in whom optimal dosages of transdermal fentanyl were determined by titration with fentanyl i ( Eguchi, K; Gika, M; Inoue, Y; Izawa, N; Nakayama, M; Takeuchi, K, 2010)
"Epidural analgesia with morphine was significantly associated with post-cesarean urinary retention."	3.76	Effects of postoperative analgesia on postpartum urinary retention in women undergoing cesarean delivery. ( Chang, SD; Chang, YL; Cheng, PJ; Liang, CC; Wong, SY, 2010)
"The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in propofol-anesthetized patients receiving either fentanyl or pentazocine as opioid supplement."	3.74	[Postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anesthesia using propofol combined with fentanyl or pentazocine]. ( Abe, F; Furuya, A; Nagamine, N; Nonaka, A; Suzuki, S, 2007)
"Intrathecal morphine can produce hypothermia in animals."	3.73	Hypothermia after cesarean delivery and its reversal with lorazepam. ( Hess, PE; Snowman, CE; Wang, J, 2005)
"A 57-year-old male with a documented history of obstructive sleep apnea with loud snoring received deep intravenous sedation with midazolam, fentanyl, ketamine, and propofol infusion and a left interscalene brachial plexus nerve block for a left biceps tendon repair."	3.73	Uvular edema secondary to snoring under deep sedation. ( Gerhardt, MA; Miller, RJ, 2006)
"Despite ketoprofen infusion and free access to a patient-controlled pump with fentanyl citrate for rescue analgesia, inadequate pain relief was common both after uvulopalatoplasty (35%) and after tonsillectomy (28%) during the first 24 hours after surgery."	3.72	Pain intensity after laseruvulopalatoplasty and tonsillectomy. ( Aho, M; Kokki, H; Nikanne, E; Virtaniemi, J, 2003)
" Patients in Group II received significantly less fentanyl during anesthesia, were more likely to have a respiratory acidosis on admission to the CICU, and had an increased frequency of vomiting in the CICU."	3.69	Tracheal extubation of children in the operating room after atrial septal defect repair as part of a clinical practice guideline. ( Freed, MD; Hickey, PR; Jonas, RA; Laussen, PC; Pare, DS; Reid, RW; Stene, RA, 1996)
"The administration of alfentanil by continuous infusion as supplementation to nitrous oxide for shortlasting anesthesias has been studied in 51 patients."	3.66	Continuous infusion of alfentanil. ( Booij, LH; Pelgrom, R; Steegers, PA, 1982)
"Postoperative pain was measured at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) utilizing a visual analog scale (VAS)."	2.87	Efficacy of external nasal nerve block following nasal surgery : A randomized, controlled trial. ( Elnabtity, AM; Ibrahim, M; Keera, A, 2018)
"One patient of each group died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 22 days after surgery."	2.84	[A prospective randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic repair versus open repair for perforated peptic ulcers]. ( Ge, B; Huang, Q; Wang, Q, 2017)
"25."	2.80	Comparison of Surgical Pleth Index-guided Analgesia with Conventional Analgesia Practices in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Kim, H; Kim, NS; Kong, MH; Lee, IO; Lim, BG; Park, JH, 2015)
" Intravenous ibuprofen administered at induction of anesthesia may be a safe and efficacious option for postoperative tonsillectomy pain."	2.79	A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, single dose trial of the safety and efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen for treatment of pain in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. ( Bendel, LP; Glover, CD; McCarthy, DL; Moss, JR; Watcha, MF; Witham, SL, 2014)
"The incidence of postoperative vomiting occurred in 2 patients (3."	2.79	Comparative hemodynamic advantages of subarachnoid administration of atypical and non-atypical opioids. ( Afolayan, JM; Amadasun, FE; Areo, PO; Fadare, JO; Olajumoke, TO, 2014)
"Postoperative pain was assessed using 0 - 10 scale at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 postoperative hours, also the intraoperative fentanyl requirements, time to first postoperative analgesia, the total number of paracetamol doses and any extra analgesic requirements were recorded, side effects like respiratory depression, vomiting, itching, inguinal hematoma and lower limb weakness were assessed during the first 24 hours."	2.79	Comparison of ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks and intravenous morphine for control of post-orchidopexy pain in pediatric ambulatory surgery. ( Abu-Halaweh, SA; Al-Momani, HM; Al-Zaben, KR; Albsoul, NM; Khatib, FA; Qudaisat, IY; Zuabi, WS, 2014)
"Fentanyl 0."	2.78	Effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative recovery profile of children undergoing surgery for spinal dysraphism. ( Dash, HH; Gupta, N; Prabhakar, H; Rath, GP, 2013)
"Isoflurane provides protection against myocardial damage in a clinically used dosage as documented by lower levels of troponin-T in patients undergoing OPCAB surgery."	2.76	Myocardial protection with isoflurane during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized trial. ( Dutta, D; Garg, M; Minhas, H; Tempe, DK; Tomar, A; Virmani, S, 2011)
"Postoperative pain was assessed at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h postoperatively."	2.75	A randomized control trial of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine versus placebo extraperitoneal infusion in totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty. ( Subwongcharoen, S; Udompornmongkol, V, 2010)
"One hundred twenty-two patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing T&A, ages 2 to 10 years, completed this prospective, randomized, U."	2.75	Dexmedetomidine infusion for analgesia and prevention of emergence agitation in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. ( Davidson, M; Lin, A; Patel, A; Quraishi, H; Sant, M; Schoenberg, C; Sun, X; Tran, MC, 2010)
"the propofol requirement was significantly lower in the propofol/dexmedetomidine group than that in propofol/fentanyl group during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia (P < 0."	2.75	Dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl as adjuvant to propofol: comparative study in children undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. ( Ali, AR; El Ghoneimy, MN, 2010)
"There were no differences in postoperative pain scores and side effects between the two groups."	2.74	Effect of epidural saline washout on regression of sensory and motor block after epidural anaesthesia with 2% lidocaine and fentanyl in elderly patients. ( Hong, JY; Kil, HK; Lee, NH; Park, EY; Park, WS, 2009)
"Atracurium was used for muscle relaxation in both groups."	2.74	Remifentanil-induced abdominal pain: a randomised clinical trial. ( Bameshki, A; Jahanbakhsh, S; Khashayar, P, 2009)
"Fentanyl has been safely used in children for many years."	2.74	The effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on emergence characteristics after adenoidectomy in children. ( Begec, Z; Demirbilek, S; Erdil, F; Ersoy, MO; Ozturk, E; Ulger, MH, 2009)
"Sevoflurane consumption was calculated using the vaporizer weighing method."	2.73	Effect of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring on postoperative recovery and sevoflurane consumption among morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric banding. ( Al-Dohayan, A; Al-Zahrani, T; Alkathery, K; Alshaer, A; Bukhari, A; El-Dawlaty, A; Ibraheim, O; Mazen, K; Turkistani, A, 2008)
" In this limited sample, extending the infusion period from the presently approved 48 hours to 96 hours seems to be a safe alternative and/or adjunct to standard opiate analgesia after colorectal surgery using a right lateral transverse incision, hence reducing the incidence of opiate adverse effects and enhancing recovery."	2.73	Safety of 96-hour incision-site continuous infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after bowel cancer resection. ( Corso, OH; Hewett, PJ; Karatassas, A; Morris, RG, 2007)
"The hearing loss was unilateral in two and bilateral in four patients."	2.73	Hearing loss after spinal anesthesia: the effect of different infusion solutions. ( Iseri, M; Karaca, B; Solak, M; Toker, K; Yildiz, TS, 2007)
"Postoperative complications were recorded."	2.71	The use of modified VBM laryngeal tube compared to Laryngeal Mask Airway during spontaneous ventilation. ( Chan, L; Chiu, CL; Murugasu, J, 2003)
"Celecoxib 400 mg was significantly more effective than 200 mg (and placebo) in reducing postoperative pain."	2.71	The efficacy of celecoxib premedication on postoperative pain and recovery times after ambulatory surgery: a dose-ranging study. ( Issioui, T; Klein, K; Recart, A; Shah, M; Stool, L; Watcha, MF; White, PF, 2003)
"The size of pneumocephalus was ascertained using the formula for calculating the volume of a spheroid: v = PI / 6."	2.71	Anesthetic technique and development of pneumocephalus after posterior fossa surgery in the sitting position. ( de la Rosa-Carrillo, VN; Hernández-Palazón, J; López, F; Martínez-Lage, JF; Poza, M; Tortosa, JA, 2003)
"Fentanyl requirements were 8."	2.71	The effect of different isoflurane-fentanyl dose combinations on early recovery from anesthesia and postoperative adverse effects. ( Altermatt, FR; González, JA; León, PJ; Muñoz, HR, 2005)
"Postoperative confusion in the first 3 postoperative days occurred in 5 (13%) depressed patients given fentanyl during anesthesia, 13 (33%) patients without fentanyl and 1 (3%) control patients."	2.70	Cortisol response to surgery and postoperative confusion in depressed patients under general anesthesia with fentanyl. ( Katagai, H; Kudoh, A; Takahira, Y; Takazawa, T, 2002)
"Remifentanil was associated with a propofol dose reduction (P = 0."	2.70	Remifentanil, fentanyl, and cardiac surgery: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of costs and outcomes. ( Bain, D; Buckland, MR; Fletcher, H; Hunt, JO; Myles, PS; Silvers, A; Watts, J, 2002)
"We hypothesized that better methods of postoperative pain control would decrease postoperative delirium."	2.70	[Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl suppresses postoperative delirium following hepatectomy]. ( Kawamoto, M; Tanaka, H; Tokita, K; Yuge, O, 2001)
"The frequency of psychosis emergence or confusion (54%) in Group A during the first 48 hours after surgery was significantly higher than the 30% figure in Group B."	2.70	Anesthesia with ketamine, propofol, and fentanyl decreases the frequency of postoperative psychosis emergence and confusion in schizophrenic patients. ( Katagai, H; Kudoh, A; Takazawa, T, 2002)
"Induction agent doses, peroperative complications, complaints about pain and emesis during the postoperative period, and time to discharge were studied."	2.68	Anaesthesia for short outpatient procedures. A comparison between thiopentone and propofol in combination with fentanyl or alfentanil. ( Jakobsson, J; Rane, K, 1995)
" The aim of this study was to verify whether this action resulted from a local anaesthetic effect of pethidine or from inadequate fentanyl dosage in previous studies."	2.68	The effects of pethidine, fentanyl and lignocaine on postanaesthetic shivering. ( Alfonsi, P; Chauvin, M; Hongnat, JM; Lebrault, C, 1995)
"Propofol, 2 mg/kg, was administered intravenously for induction of anesthesia and followed by propofol, 50 to 250 micrograms/kg/min, for maintenance anesthesia."	2.68	Propofol-based anesthesia as compared with standard anesthetic techniques for middle ear surgery. ( Fowles, S; Jellish, WS; Leonetti, JP; Murdoch, JR, 1995)
"Postoperative myocardial ischemia is associated with adverse cardiac outcome."	2.68	Epidural analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia result in similar rates of postoperative myocardial ischemia after aortic surgery. ( Bois, S; Boudreault, D; Couture, P; Fugère, F; Girard, D; Lacombe, P; Nadeau, N, 1997)
" We argue for the continued use of trichloroethylene by this technique, because it costs one hundred times less than enflurane and because of the potential morbidity of the postoperative opiate dosage required after enflurane."	2.66	Comparison of trichloroethylene and enflurane as adjuncts to nitrous oxide and relaxant anaesthesia. ( Reynolds, F; Rice, AS, 1987)
"The fentanyl-treated patients resumed spontaneous ventilation more rapidly at the end of anaesthesia (3 minutes) than the alfentanil-treated group (5."	2.66	A double blind comparison of alfentanil and fentanyl. ( Liberman, H; Pybus, DA; Torda, TA, 1985)
"Remifentanil was associated with a significantly increased incidence of postoperative shivering compared with other opioids (RR=2."	2.53	Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids: a meta-analysis. ( Denawa, Y; Hoshijima, H; Kuratani, N; Nagasaka, H; Nishizawa, S; Shiga, T; Takeuchi, R, 2016)
"Postoperative cerebral infarction was defined as a diffusion-weighted imaging high-intensity lesion with or without symptoms."	1.48	Postoperative Cerebral Infarction Risk Factors and Postoperative Management of Pediatric Patients with Moyamoya Disease. ( Araki, Y; Kondo, G; Kurimoto, M; Muraoka, S; Okamoto, S; Ota, S; Shiba, Y; Uda, K; Wakabayashi, T, 2018)
"Peak and average postoperative pain scores at rest, movement and uterine cramping were evaluated during 24 h using a verbal numerical pain score (VNPS; 0 indicating no pain and 100 indicating worst pain imaginable), and analgesic intake was recorded."	1.46	Preoperative sleep quality predicts postoperative pain after planned caesarean delivery. ( Artyukh, A; Ben-Haroush, A; Chen, R; Eidelman, LA; Fireman, S; Ioscovich, A; Karoush, T; Klein, Z; Landau, R; Mazarib, N; Orbach-Zinger, S, 2017)
"Infant delirium is an under-recognized clinical entity in neonatal intensive care, and earlier identification and treatment could minimize morbidities associated with this condition."	1.46	A case of infant delirium in the neonatal intensive care unit. ( Bidegain, M; Cotten, CM; Edwards, LE; Hornik, CD; Hutchison, LB; Smith, PB, 2017)
" Adverse events are as follows."	1.43	Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Indicators of Safety Compromise following Colonoscopy in Clinical Practice. ( Borgaonkar, MR; Evans, B; Hickey, N; Lougheed, M; Marcoux, C; McGrath, J; O'Leary, M; Pace, D, 2016)
" Sedative and analgesic dosing was not clinically significantly higher in obese patients than in non-obese patients."	1.43	Sedation for Bronchoscopy and Complications in Obese Patients. ( Bellinger, CR; Chatterjee, AB; Haponik, E; Khan, I, 2016)
"Acute airway obstruction can occur due to airway instrumentation."	1.42	[Anaesthetic management in a paediatric patient with a difficult airway due to epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]. ( Blázquez Gómez, E; Garcés Aletá, A; García-Aparicio, L; Manen Berga, F; Monclus Diaz, E; Ontanilla López, A, 2015)
"We investigated the safety and efficacy of the bilateral periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) at a reduced dosage in patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA)."	1.38	Use of reduced-dose periarticular injection for pain management in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty. ( Chang, CB; Jeon, YT; Kang, YG; Kim, TK; Koh, IJ; Song, J, 2012)
"Von Frey filaments were used to measure mechanical allodynia of the hind paw and abdomen."	1.38	Involvement of spinal orexin A in the electroacupuncture analgesia in a rat model of post-laparotomy pain. ( Feng, XM; Jiang, JW; Mao-Ying, QL; Mi, WL; Wang, YQ; Wang, ZF; Wu, GC; Xia, F; Xiao, S, 2012)
" Eight patients developed adverse reactions, 3 of which required further evaluation in the emergency department."	1.37	Safety of deep sedation in an urban oral and maxillofacial surgery training program. ( Braidy, HF; Singh, P; Ziccardi, VB, 2011)
" The rate of adverse events with conscious sedation has not been previously assessed in the interventional spine procedure setting."	1.37	Adverse events of conscious sedation in ambulatory spine procedures. ( Marín, DR; Schaufele, MK; Simmons, AC; Tate, JL, 2011)
"To compare the incidence of laryngospasm by using halothane-fentanyl anaesthesia and midazolam-remifentanil anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing eye surgery."	1.35	Reduced incidence of laryngospasm with remifentanil-midazolam anaesthesia compared to halothane-fentanyl. ( Ali, S, 2008)
"Naloxone (200 microg) treatment was used to reverse fentanyl effects, but it was associated with hypertension."	1.35	Naloxone-induced pulmonary edema: a potential cause of postoperative morbidity in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. ( Nath, SS; Pandey, C; Rao, B; Tripathi, M, 2009)
"The management of Ebstein's anomaly is based on its severity."	1.35	[Anesthetic management for repair of Ebstein's anomaly with WPW syndrome]. ( Kawahito, S; Kawano, H; Kitahata, H; Nakamura, T; Okada, T; Oshita, S, 2009)
"To describe the differences in intraoperative opioid dosing and associated outcomes in children with and without cerebral palsy (CP)."	1.35	Intraoperative opioid dosing in children with and without cerebral palsy. ( Koh, JL; Long, LS; Ved, S, 2009)
"Flurbiprofen axetil was used for slight postoperative fever."	1.35	[Perioperative anesthetic management of a patient with multiple sclerosis]. ( Hirose, M; Ishimoto, M; Matsuki, Y; Nobukawa, Y; Okada, A; Shigemi, K; Shimizu, K; Tabata, M; Tsugita, K; Ueda, M, 2009)
"The aim of the study was to evaluate adverse events related to the use of anesthesia and anesthetic procedures associated with interventional radiology."	1.33	Adverse effects of anesthesia in interventional radiology. ( Derbent, A; Memiş, A; Oran, I; Parildar, M; Uyar, M; Yurtseven, T, 2005)
"We discuss the general features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and its implications for management and monitoring during major abdominal surgery."	1.33	[Patient with right ventricular arrhythmogenic dysplasia, ascites and ulcerative colitis: anesthetic management during major abdominal surgery]. ( García-Montoto, F; Martínez Torrente, F; Orts Castro, A; Pérez-Cerdá, F, 2005)
"Bilateral sixth nerve palsy is a known though uncommon complication following dural puncture."	1.32	Bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy after unintentional dural puncture. ( Arcand, G; Boudreault, D; Chouinard, P; Girard, F; McCormack, M; Williams, S, 2004)
"Subcutaneous emphysema was observed to the cervical zone after surgery but discharge was not delayed."	1.31	[Subarachnoid anesthesia in the repair of urinary stress incontinence using a Burch-type colposuspension by means of extraperitoneal laparoscopy]. ( de Santos, P; Faulí, A; Gomar, C; Martínez, S; Pérez, J; Plaza, A; Vanrell, J, 2002)
"Severe hyponatremia has been described after elective surgery with subsequent permanent brain damage."	1.30	Severe hyponatremia after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas. ( Boehnert, M; Buchfelder, M; Fahlbusch, R; Gross, P; Henig, A; Hensen, J, 1998)
"To report the management of junctional ectopic tachycardia after cardiac surgery in an infant."	1.30	Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia. ( Azzam, FJ; Fiore, AC, 1998)
"001) and the total dosage of both intraoperative sedative agents (p < 0."	1.30	Optimization of conscious sedation in plastic surgery. ( Few, JW; Fine, NA; Marcus, JR; Mustoe, TA; Tyrone, JW, 1999)
"Forty-two patients underwent cerebral aneurysm clipping at our institution in 1991, 35 with a ruptured aneurysm and 7 with an unruptured aneurysm."	1.29	Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol for burst suppression in cerebral aneurysm surgery: preliminary report of 42 patients. ( de Tribolet, N; Ravussin, P, 1993)
"Anesthesia for the resection of the cardiac tumor must be carried out carefully, because sudden death due to arrhythmias as well as cardiac or respiratory failure is the most dangerous complication."	1.29	[Anesthetic management of a neonate with primary cardiac rhabdomyoma]. ( Imamura, M; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Matsumoto, N; Nonaka, A, 1995)
"The surgical procedures included patent ductus arteriosus interruption (n = 28) and vascular ring division (n = 8), and 9 patients had miscellaneous procedures."	1.29	Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of congenital cardiac defects in the pediatric population. ( Burrows, FA; Hansen, DD; Lavoie, J, 1996)
"The findings are muscular rigidity, fall in chest wall compliance, hypoventilation, respiratory acidosis, and hypotension."	1.27	Delayed muscular rigidity and respiratory depression following fentanyl anesthesia. ( Caspi, J; Hechtman, HB; Khazam, A; Klausner, JM; Lelcuk, S; Marin, G; Rozin, RR, 1988)
"Alfentanil was compared with fentanyl in a double blind study of 90 female patients undergoing laparoscopic sterilizations."	1.26	Double-blind comparison of the postoperative respiratory depressant effects of alfentanil and fentanyl. ( Adam, A; Deen, L; Giezen, J; Helmers, JH; Van Leeuwen, L, 1982)
"Postoperative complications are minimized, and the quantity of postoperative analgesics and antiemetics is drastically reduced when Innovar is used as a preoperative medication."	1.25	Innovar as a preoperative medication. ( Sloan, JB, 1975)

Research

Studies (382)

Authors

Clinical Trials (69)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Fentanyl and Morphine Requirements

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	93 (24.35)	18.7374
1990's	92 (24.08)	18.2507
2000's	97 (25.39)	29.6817
2010's	93 (24.35)	24.3611
2020's	7 (1.83)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Zha, J	1
Ni, J	1
Chen, S	1
Feng, H	1
Che, T	1
Qiao, S	1
Gong, C	1
Ma, R	1
Li, B	1
Wen, L	1
Ding, Z	1
Spannella, F	1
Giulietti, F	1
Damiani, E	1
Faloia, L	1
Stronati, M	1
Venezia, A	1
Vincenzi, P	1
Castellani, D	1
Boccoli, G	1
Dellabella, M	1
Giampieri, M	1
Sarzani, R	1
Starnari, R	1
Hao, J	1
Dong, B	1
Zhang, J	1
Luo, Z	1
Terakado, T	1
Nakai, Y	1
Ikeda, G	1
Uemura, K	1
Matsumaru, Y	1
Ishikawa, E	1
Matsumura, A	1
Rezniczek, GA	1
Hecken, JM	1
Rehman, S	1
Dogan, A	1
Tempfer, CB	1
Hilal, Z	1
Igarashi, T	1
Harimoto, N	1
Matsui, Y	1
Muranushi, R	1
Yamanaka, T	1
Hagiwara, K	1
Hoshino, K	1
Ishii, N	1
Tsukagoshi, M	1
Watanabe, A	1
Kubo, N	1
Araki, K	1
Saito, S	3
Shirabe, K	1
Albrecht, E	1
Bayon, V	1
Hirotsu, C	1
Heinzer, R	1
Wang, Q	1
Ge, B	1
Huang, Q	2
Piskin, O	1
Altinsoy, B	1
Cimencan, M	1
Aydin, BG	1
Okyay, D	1
Kucukosman, G	1
Tascilar, O	1
Sarikaya, S	1
Ayoglu, H	1
Tanaka, P	1
Goodman, S	1
Sommer, BR	1
Maloney, W	1
Huddleston, J	1
Lemmens, HJ	1
Kim, N	1
Park, JH	2
Lee, JS	1
Choi, T	1
Kim, MS	1
Sams, SH	1
Revilla, S	1
Stahl, DL	1
Zaballos, M	1
Reyes, A	1
Etulain, J	1
Monteserín, C	1
Rodríguez, M	1
Velasco, E	1
Yao, ZY	1
Jia, Z	1
Xie, YH	1
Zhang, LL	1
Zhang, HS	1
Wu, WQ	1
Zhang, CK	1
Gan, LJ	1
Ibrahim, M	1
Elnabtity, AM	1
Keera, A	1
Muraoka, S	1
Araki, Y	1
Kondo, G	1
Kurimoto, M	1
Shiba, Y	1
Uda, K	1
Ota, S	1
Okamoto, S	1
Wakabayashi, T	1
Radovanović, D	1
Radovanović, Z	1
Škorić-Jokić, S	1
Tatić, M	1
Mandić, A	1
Ivković-Kapicl, T	1
Bhardwaj, A	1
Bhagat, H	1
Grover, VK	1
Panda, NB	1
Jangra, K	1
Sahu, S	1
Singla, N	1
Kim, KS	1
Yeo, NK	1
Kim, SS	1
Park, WS	2
Kwak, SH	1
Cho, SH	1
Sung, GW	1
Kim, HS	1
Yi, SW	1
Cho, HJ	1
Ding, S	1
Ma, H	1
Wang, G	1
Yu, Z	1
Li, K	1
Huang, A	1
Lin, LY	1
Lin, XZ	1
Friedrich, S	1
Raub, D	1
Teja, BJ	1
Neves, SE	1
Thevathasan, T	1
Houle, TT	1
Eikermann, M	1
Park, SM	1
Kim, GU	1
Kim, HJ	2
Choi, JH	1
Chang, BS	1
Lee, CK	1
Yeom, JS	1
Anand, KJS	1
Gramigni, E	1
Bracco, D	1
Carli, F	1
Gupta, N	1
Rath, GP	1
Prabhakar, H	1
Dash, HH	1
Wuethrich, PY	1
Kessler, TM	1
Burkhard, FC	1
Gart, MS	1
Ko, JH	1
Heyer, KS	1
Mustoe, TA	3
Rao Kadam, V	1
Van Wijk, RM	1
Moran, JI	1
Miller, D	1
Lindholm, EE	1
Aune, E	1
Norén, CB	1
Seljeflot, I	1
Hayes, T	1
Otterstad, JE	1
Kirkeboen, KA	1
Shin, S	1
Lee, SK	1
Min, KT	1
Park, CH	1
Yoo, YC	2
Michel-Lauter, B	1
Bernardy, K	1
Schwarzer, A	1
Nicolas, V	1
Maier, C	2
De Oliveira, GS	1
Fitzgerald, PC	1
Ahmad, S	1
Marcus, RJ	1
McCarthy, RJ	2
Breschan, C	1
Jost, R	1
Stettner, H	1
Feigl, G	1
Semmelrock, S	1
Graf, G	1
Likar, R	1
Ouchi, K	1
Uno, H	1
Sugiyama, K	1
Balaban, O	1
Gürkan, Y	1
Kuş, A	1
Toker, K	2
Solak, M	2
Moss, JR	1
Watcha, MF	2
Bendel, LP	1
McCarthy, DL	1
Witham, SL	1
Glover, CD	1
Bortone, L	2
Bertolizio, G	1
Engelhardt, T	1
Frawley, G	2
Somaini, M	1
Ingelmo, PM	2
Afolayan, JM	1
Olajumoke, TO	1
Amadasun, FE	1
Fadare, JO	1
Areo, PO	1
Al-Zaben, KR	1
Qudaisat, IY	1
Abu-Halaweh, SA	1
Zuabi, WS	1
Al-Momani, HM	1
Albsoul, NM	1
Khatib, FA	1
Stucke, AG	1
Weisman, SJ	1
Tiwari, AK	1
Wong, DT	2
Venkatraghaven, L	1
Yildirim, V	1
Doganci, S	1
Cinar, S	1
Eskin, MB	1
Ozkan, G	1
Eksert, S	1
Ince, ME	1
Dogrul, A	1
Blázquez Gómez, E	1
Garcés Aletá, A	1
Monclus Diaz, E	1
Manen Berga, F	1
García-Aparicio, L	1
Ontanilla López, A	1
Nitta, Y	1
Kamekura, N	1
Takuma, S	1
Fujisawa, T	1
Abdel-Ma'boud, MA	1
Lim, BG	1
Kim, H	1
Lee, IO	1
Kong, MH	1
Kim, NS	1
Sayın, P	1
Dobrucalı, H	1
Türk, HŞ	1
Totoz, T	1
Işıl, CT	1
Hancı, A	1
Hoshijima, H	1
Takeuchi, R	1
Kuratani, N	1
Nishizawa, S	1
Denawa, Y	1
Shiga, T	1
Nagasaka, H	1
Doi, H	1
Izumi, K	1
Kawasaki, S	1
Jimi, N	1
Sumiyoshi, R	1
Mizuno, K	1
Huang, RC	1
Hung, NK	2
Lu, CH	2
Wu, ZF	1
Ydemann, M	1
Nielsen, BN	1
Wetterslev, J	1
Henneberg, S	1
Lauritsen, T	1
Steen, N	1
Edström, B	1
Afshari, A	1
Codero, F	1
Vitalis, M	1
Thikra, S	1
Borgaonkar, MR	1
Pace, D	1
Lougheed, M	1
Marcoux, C	1
Evans, B	1
Hickey, N	1
O'Leary, M	1
McGrath, J	1
Khan, I	1
Chatterjee, AB	1
Bellinger, CR	1
Haponik, E	1
Ahn, JH	1
Ahn, HJ	1
Gaszyński, T	1
Czarnik, K	1
Łaziński, Ł	1
Gaszyński, W	1
De Cosmo, G	1
Sessa, F	1
Fiorini, F	1
Congedo, E	1
Orbach-Zinger, S	1
Fireman, S	1
Ben-Haroush, A	1
Karoush, T	1
Klein, Z	1
Mazarib, N	1
Artyukh, A	1
Chen, R	1
Ioscovich, A	1
Eidelman, LA	1
Landau, R	1
Jiang, JB	1
Strauss, R	1
Luo, XQ	1
Nie, C	1
Wang, YL	1
Zhang, JW	1
Zhang, ZW	1
Edwards, LE	1
Hutchison, LB	1
Hornik, CD	1
Smith, PB	1
Cotten, CM	1
Bidegain, M	1
Ali, S	1
Ibraheim, O	1
Alshaer, A	1
Mazen, K	1
El-Dawlaty, A	1
Turkistani, A	1
Alkathery, K	1
Al-Zahrani, T	1
Al-Dohayan, A	1
Bukhari, A	1
Agarwal, A	1
Yadav, G	1
Gupta, D	1
Singh, PK	1
Singh, U	1
Dey, M	1
Madill, SA	1
Pagano, D	1
Matthews, TD	1
Palomero Rodríguez, MA	1
Suarez Gonzalo, L	1
Villar Alvarez, F	1
Varela Crespo, C	1
Moreno Gomez Limon, I	1
Criado Jimenez, A	1
Beccaria, P	1
Cabrini, L	1
Garancini, MP	1
Colombo, S	1
Schöffmann, G	1
Winter, P	1
Palme, R	1
Pollak, A	1
Trittenwein, G	1
Golej, J	1
Park, EY	1
Kil, HK	1
Lee, NH	1
Hong, JY	1
Gentile, A	1
Tran-Van, D	1
Dardare, E	1
Fritsch, N	1
Benois, A	1
Fontaine, B	1
Stricker, PA	1
Kraemer, FW	1
Ganesh, A	1
Nath, SS	1
Tripathi, M	1
Pandey, C	1
Rao, B	1
Nakamura, T	1
Kawahito, S	1
Kawano, H	1
Okada, T	1
Kitahata, H	1
Oshita, S	1
Massicotte, L	1
Chalaoui, KD	1
Beaulieu, D	1
Roy, JD	1
Bissonnette, F	1
Long, LS	1
Ved, S	1
Koh, JL	1
Subwongcharoen, S	1
Udompornmongkol, V	1
Saeki, H	1
Ishimura, H	1
Higashi, H	1
Kitagawa, D	1
Tanaka, J	1
Maruyama, R	1
Katoh, H	1
Shimazoe, H	1
Yamauchi, K	1
Ayabe, H	1
Kakeji, Y	1
Morita, M	1
Maehara, Y	1
Jahanbakhsh, S	1
Bameshki, A	1
Khashayar, P	1
Okada, A	1
Hirose, M	1
Shimizu, K	2
Tsugita, K	1
Matsuki, Y	1
Nobukawa, Y	1
Tabata, M	1
Ishimoto, M	1
Ueda, M	1
Shigemi, K	1
Liu, D	1
Shao, Y	1
Luan, X	1
Zhang, M	1
Shui, C	1
Wu, Q	1
Groban, L	1
Butterworth, J	1
Murphy, GS	2
Szokol, JW	2
Marymont, JH	2
Greenberg, SB	1
Avram, MJ	2
Vender, JS	2
Sherwani, SS	1
Nisman, M	1
Doroski, V	1
Erdil, F	1
Demirbilek, S	2
Begec, Z	1
Ozturk, E	2
Ulger, MH	1
Ersoy, MO	3
Mukherjee, C	1
Walther, T	1
Borger, MA	1
Kempfert, J	1
Schuler, G	1
Mohr, FW	1
Ender, J	1
Khalil, SN	1
Matuszczak, ME	1
Maposa, D	1
Bolos, ME	1
Lingadevaru, HS	1
Chuang, AZ	1
Dahmani, S	1
Stany, I	1
Brasher, C	1
Lejeune, C	1
Bruneau, B	1
Wood, C	1
Nivoche, Y	1
Constant, I	1
Murat, I	1
Burkhart, CS	1
Dell-Kuster, S	1
Gamberini, M	1
Moeckli, A	1
Grapow, M	1
Filipovic, M	1
Seeberger, MD	1
Monsch, AU	1
Strebel, SP	1
Steiner, LA	1
Gika, M	1
Eguchi, K	1
Inoue, Y	1
Izawa, N	1
Takeuchi, K	1
Nakayama, M	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Impact of Integrated Preoperative Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block (FICB) for Fast-track Surgery in Elderly Hip Fracture[NCT05857462]		420 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-31	Recruiting
Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) With Versus Without Intraoperative Application of Lugol's Iodine in Women With Cervical Dysplasia: a Prospective Randomized Trial[NCT05132114]		216 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-17	Recruiting
Large Loop Excision of the Transformatione Zone Under General Versus Local Anesthesia: a Randomized Trial.[NCT03494686]		229 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-03	Completed
Effects of Intraoperative Fentanyl Dose on Postoperative Respiratory Complications[NCT03198208]		183,396 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2007-01-01	Active, not recruiting
Robotic Assisted Laparoscopy Versus Open Gastroesophageal Resection; Effects on the Mesenteric Traction Reflex and PGI2 Levels[NCT02077673]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2013-12-31	Completed
The Quality of Recovery After General Anesthesia With Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Endoscopic Ureteral Lithotripsy[NCT04712162]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-19	Completed
The Effect of Desflurane vs Sevoflurane on Perioperative Respiratory Complications in Laryngeal Mask Airway Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Double-blinded Control Study[NCT03006250]	Phase 4	220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Recruiting
[NCT02291705]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Efficacy of Adding Dexmedetomidine Versus Ibuprofen as an Adjuvant to Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Laparoscopic Gynecological Procedures: a Double-blind Randomized Comparative Study[NCT06046105]	Phase 2/Phase 3	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-15	Not yet recruiting
Emergence Delirium in Children: a Randomized Clinical Trial of Different Doses of Sevoflurane During Induction of Anesthesia[NCT02707016]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Recruiting
Validity of Pain Threshold Index Based on Electroencephalogram for Pediatric Patients Under General Anesthesia[NCT03622242]		180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-08-13	Recruiting
Comparison of Prophylactic Use of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine for Prevention of Shivering After Spinal Anesthesia[NCT05718011]	Phase 4	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-20	Completed
The Effect of Different Doses of Intrathecal Magnesium Sulfate on Shivering After Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarean Sections[NCT05427149]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-05-10	Completed
Does Intraoperative Clonidine Reduce Post Operative Agitation in Children Anaesthetised With Sevoflurane? A RCT Including Pharmacokinetic Investigation.[NCT02361476]	Phase 4	379 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Clonidine for Tourniquet-related Pain in Children: A Pilot Study[NCT04564430]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Recruiting
Increased Postoperative Opioid Use is a Risk Factor for an Ileus After Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery---A Case Control Study[NCT05262569]		596 participants (Actual)	Observational	2022-04-01	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Combined With Butorphanol Tartrate for Postoperative Analgesia and Breastfeeding in Cesarean Section[NCT03065530]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-07	Completed
Comparison of Different Strategies in Preventing Discomfort Due to Urine Catheter in Urinary Surgery[NCT04314050]		135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-03-10	Completed
Effect of Preincisional Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block on Perioperative Analgesia and Inflammatory Responses in Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephrectomy: A Single-Blinded, Randomised Control Trial[NCT03879980]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-18	Completed
THE EFFECT OF INTRAOPERATIVE PARACETAMOL ON CATHETER-RELATED BLADDER DISCOMFORT: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY[NCT01652183]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Effect of Pregabalin Administration on Catheter- Related Bladder Discomfort in Urological Surgical Operations[NCT03229668]	Phase 2/Phase 3	78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-28	Completed
A Novel Approach to Reverse and Titrate the Clinical Effects of a Nerve Block[NCT02050295]		31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Terminated (stopped due to PI no longer at institution)
Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block Washout to Reverse Inadvertent Phrenic Nerve Blockade[NCT03677778]		43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-22	Completed
QORVATS Study. A Randomized Controlled, Triple Blinded to Compare the Quality of Recovery (QoR 40) Between Intercostal Block and a Combination of Intercostal Nerve Block With Serratus Plane Catheter for Patient's Undergoing VATS Procedures.[NCT04990713]	Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-01	Not yet recruiting
Effects of Two Different Anesthesia-analgesia Methods on the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium: a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT01661907]		1,800 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-21	Completed
Prospective Cohort Study Evaluating Incidence and Correlation Between Pain and Emergence Delirium After Adenotonsillectomy in Preschool Children[NCT01096797]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Caudal Versus Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate In The Prevention OF Emergence Agitation After Sevoflurane Anesthesia For Lower Abdominal Surgeries In Children.[NCT03846284]		93 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-08	Active, not recruiting
Effectivity of 0.5 mg/kg Propofol in the End of Anesthesia to Reduce the Incidence of Postanesthetic Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patients Under General Inhalation Anesthesia[NCT03528954]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-05-31	Completed
Perioperative Multimodal General Anesthesia Focusing on Specific CNS Targets in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries[NCT04016740]	Early Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-20	Completed
Impact of Dexmedetomidine on the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Patients After Cardiac Surgery: a Randomized, Double-blinded, and Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02267538]	Phase 4	285 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Completed
Fentanyl Versus Midazolam as an Adjunct to Intrathecal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgery[NCT03592537]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-15	Completed
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Recovery Profiles of Elderly Patients[NCT01851005]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Opioid-Free Versus Transitional Anesthetic With Opioids From Tonsillectomy[NCT04528173]	Phase 4	550 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-22	Recruiting
The Effect of Different Dose of Dexmedetomidine Combined With Hydromorphone in Children With Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy[NCT03760809]	Phase 4	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-04	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo Controlled Trial Using Single Dose Dexmedetomidine In The Treatment Of Pain In Patients Undergoing Cleft Palate Repair[NCT02915042]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to Recruitment concerns)
Evaluation of the Postoperative Agitation Prevention and Analgesic Efficacy of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Infusion in a Pediatric Patient Group to Undergo Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy[NCT05986942]		80 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2023-10-09	Completed
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Infusion for Postoperative Outcome and Smooth Emergence After Thyroidectomy[NCT02412150]		139 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
[NCT01506622]		222 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Correlation Between Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Plasma Corticotropin, Cortisol Under Surgical Skin Incision[NCT03892538]		134 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-10-01	Completed
Effect of Single Dose of Tramadol on Extubation Response and Quality of Emergence(Cough and Nausea Vomiting) Following Supratentorial Intracranial Surgery[NCT02964416]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
Effect of Tramadol on Postoperative Sore Throat in Thyroid Surgery Under General Anesthesia With Endotracheal Intubation: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04991493]	Phase 4	168 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-09-10	Recruiting
Propofol for Pediatric Tracheal Intubation With Deep Anesthesia During Sevoflurane Induction: Dosing According to Elapsed Time for Two Age Groups,IRB-HSR# 13666[NCT01150838]	Phase 4	106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
Innovative Endotracheal Tube Design Reduces Postoperative Laryngeal Injury[NCT06108271]		68 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-01	Active, not recruiting
Cognitive Functions After TIVA With Dexmedetomidine[NCT02631135]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
Anesthesiological Strategies in Elective Craniotomy: Randomized, Equivalence, Open Trial[NCT00741351]	Phase 3	411 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
The Effect Of Forced Air Warming Used For Different Body Parts During Caseraen Section On Maternal Hypothermia, Shivering, Thermal Comfort, Apgar Score And Breastfeeding: Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04667000]		35 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-01	Active, not recruiting
Lecturer of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management in Ain Shams University[NCT03866733]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-18	Completed
Association Between Changes in Cerebral Gray Matter Volume and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Following Sevoflurane Anesthesia (POCD-MRI)[NCT02045004]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-07-14	Completed
Release of Serum Neurofilament Light (NFL), Biomarker of Neuronal Injury, in Surgery Under General Anaesthesia (GA) Compared to Surgery With Hypno-analgesia (Hyp): A Prospective, Non-inferiority Study[NCT04500236]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Recruiting
Minocycline Attenuate Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Delirium: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trail[NCT02928692]	Phase 3	750 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Recruiting
Effect of General Anesthesia on Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elective Versus Emergency Cesarean Section[NCT03818009]		58 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-01-14	Completed
Effect of Remifentanil on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery[NCT01627873]	Phase 4	622 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Can Propofol Reduce Respiratory Adverse Events During Extubation in Children With Tonsillectomy? A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study[NCT05769842]		240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Not yet recruiting
Effect of Two Plasma Concentrations of Remifentanil Through Target Controlled Anesthesia on Frequency and Intensity of Coughing During Extubation: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02711904]	Phase 4	110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Efficiency of Intravenous Lidocaine to Reduce Coughing and the Hemodynamic Changes Associated to Tracheal Extubation[NCT03731429]	Phase 4	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-04-05	Recruiting
Role of Dexmeditomidine HCL for Prevention of Shivering in Obstetrical Spinal Anesthesia, a Randomized Controlled Double Blind Parallel Study.[NCT05342376]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-01	Recruiting
The Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl in Intensive Care Patients[NCT02587273]	Phase 4	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Recruiting
Validity of Pupil Diameter for Pain Monitoring During General Anesthesia in Children : a Prospective Observational Study[NCT04062864]		35 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-08-21	Completed
Evaluating the Use of Sublingual Sufentanil in Patients With Suboxone Treatment Who Are Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery- a Case Series[NCT04716413]	Phase 4	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-27	Terminated (stopped due to Terminated early due to funding, lack of participants)
[NCT00440960]	Phase 4	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) When Compared to Local Injection of Bupivacaine After Thoracoscopy[NCT02499159]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Continuous Subpleural Infusion of Bupivacaine After Thoracoscopy[NCT01566838]		83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
[NCT00005197]		0 participants	Observational	1986-12-31	Completed
The Effect of General Versus Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Sleep Quality[NCT03843645]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-10	Recruiting
Impact of Low-dose Dexmedetomidine on Outcomes of Elderly Admitted to ICU After Noncardiac Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04204798]		1,410 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-28	Recruiting
Effect of Mini-dose Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Infusion on Sleep Quality in Older Patients Undergoing Knee or Hip Replacement Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05950646]	Phase 4	154 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Recruiting
Sleep Patterns After Total Joint Replacement Surgery[NCT04896892]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Two Different General Anesthesia Regimes on Postoperative Sleep Quality[NCT02061514]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Recruiting
Anesthesia for Upper Endoscopy and Colonoscopy in Cardiac Patients With Acute Anemia: Pretreatment With Low-dose Ketamine Can Reduce the Dose of Etomidate. A Randomized Clinical Trial.[NCT04857450]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-20	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Amount used (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: Recorded during the stay in the postoperative recovery room

First Administration of Fentanyl or Morphine

Pain Assessment

Intervention	mg morphine equivalents (Mean)
Intervention	0.46
Placebo	0.7

Intervention	MEDIAN time (min) to administration (Median)
Intervention	105
Placebo	60

"Pain score used:~FLACC score = Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Score ranges from 0 to 10 (severity increases with increasing score) Pain is FLACC score more than 3" (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: recovery room - hours

Postoperative Agitation

Intervention	Pain Score (Mean)
Intervention	1.57
Placebo	2.45

Measured by Watchae Scale (score 1-4), scores 1-2 = no agitation and scores 3-4 = agitated (NCT02361476)
Timeframe: 1 day

Adverse Events

Number of Participants That Experienced Nausea or Vomiting

Intervention	participants with agitation (Number)
Intervention	46
Placebo	86

Intervention	participants (Number)
	adverse events	serious adverse events	Treated for low blood pressure
Intervention	0	2	0
Placebo	5	2	0

Total times during 48h after cesarean section. (NCT03065530)
Timeframe: 48h after cesarean section.

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)

Intervention	participants (Number)
Group C	1
Group D1	2
Group D2	1
Group D3	1

visual analogue scale (VAS; with 0, no pain; to 10, the worst imaginable pain) is a validated assessing scale for pain intensity. VAS at rest was assessed when the patient was in supine position (NCT03065530)
Timeframe: 48h after cesarean section.

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) at Rest

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	2.11
Group D1	2
Group D2	1.72
Group D3	125

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.29
Group D1	2.86
Group D2	1.62
Group D3	0.93

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.21
Group D1	2.93
Group D2	1.72
Group D3	1.57

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Movement

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.143
Group D1	2.897
Group D2	1.665
Group D3	1.25

visual analogue scale (VAS; with 0, no pain; to 10, the worst imaginable pain) is a validated assessing scale for pain intensity. VAS on movement was assessed when patients changed from supine to lateral position. (NCT03065530)
Timeframe: 12h after cesarean section.

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Movement

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.71
Group D1	3.52
Group D2	2.69
Group D3	1.18

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.82
Group D1	3.79
Group D2	2.35
Group D3	1.93

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.43
Group D1	3.28
Group D2	2.24
Group D3	1.21

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Uterine Cramping

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	4.39
Group D1	4.31
Group D2	2.86
Group D3	2.2

visual analogue scale (VAS; with 0, no pain; to 10, the worst imaginable pain) is a validated assessing scale for pain intensity. VAS-C was assessed when the patient required oxytocin after surgery in supine position (NCT03065530)
Timeframe: 12h after cesarean section.

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Uterine Cramping

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.46
Group D1	3.41
Group D2	2.17
Group D3	1.07

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.75
Group D1	3.55
Group D2	2.59
Group D3	1.79

Ramsay Sedation Score(RSS)

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	3.86
Group D1	3.66
Group D2	2.79
Group D3	2

Sedation intensity measured with RSS is recorded at the 6, 12 24 and 48 h after cesarean section. Sedation was assessed by the Ramsay Sedation Scores (RSS) (1, anxious patient; 2, cooperative and tranquil; 3, responding to command; 4, brisk response to stimulus; 5, sluggish response to stimulus; 6, no response to stimulus). (NCT03065530)
Timeframe: 6h after cesarean section.

Ramsay Sedation Score(RSS)

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Control Group	2
Dexmedetomidine 0.03ug/kg/h Group	2.17
Dexmedetomidine 0.05ug/kg/h Group	2.14
Dexmedetomidine 0.08ug/kg/h Group	3.14

Sedation intensity measured with RSS is recorded at the 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after cesarean section. Sedation was assessed by the Ramsay Sedation Scores (RSS) (1, anxious patient; 2, cooperative and tranquil; 3, responding to command; 4, brisk response to stimulus; 5, sluggish response to stimulus; 6, no response to stimulus). (NCT03065530)
Timeframe: 12h after cesarean section.

Ramsay Sedation Score(RSS)

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	2
Group D1	2.21
Group D2	2.28
Group D3	3.21

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	2
Group D1	2.07
Group D2	2.10
Group D3	2.25

Relative Infant Dose (RID) of Dexmedetomidine

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Group C	2
Group D1	2
Group D2	2
Group D3	2

Relative infant dose (RID) =Dose (infant, mg•kg-1•day-1) /Dose (mother, mg•kg-1•day-1) μg·kg-1·h-1. The Dose (infant) in mg•kg-1 is calculated by multiplying the concentration of the drug in breast milk by the volume of breast milk consumed daily (about 150 mL•kg-1). (NCT03065530)
Timeframe: 48h after cesarean section.

The Degree of Satisfaction

Intervention	percentage of one hundred (Mean)
Group D1	0.1712
Group D2	0.1967
Group D3	0.3701

The degree of satisfaction (0, very satisfied; 1, satisfied; 2, moderately satisfied; 3, not satisfied) was evaluated at 48 h after surgery. The number of overall satisfied patients (satisfied and very satisfied) is reported. (NCT03065530)
Timeframe: 48h after cesarean section.

Incidence of Postoperative Delirium

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Group C	12
Group D1	16
Group D2	26
Group D3	25

Delirium was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) twice daily during the first five days after surgery. (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: During the first five days after surgery

Length of Stay in Hospital After Surgery

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
DEX Group	7
CTRL Group	11

Results was presented as median (95% confidence interval). (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: From end of surgery until discharge from hospital or 30 days after surgery

Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit

Intervention	days (Median)
DEX Group	9
CTRL Group	9

Results was presented as median (95% confidence interval). (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: From end of surgery until discharge from Intensive Care Unit or 30 days after surgery

Cognitive Function

Intervention	hours (Median)
DEX Group	45.0
CTRL Group	46.0

"Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline (the day before surgery) and on the sixth day after surgery, and with modified telephone interview for cognitive status (m-TICS) on the 30th day after surgery.~The introduction of MMSE scale has been explained in the baseline part in the result section.~The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified scale(m-TICS) is one of the most popular telephone interview-based screening instruments for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. It consists 11 items including wordlist memory, orientation, attention, repetition, conceptual knowledge and nonverbal praxis, which score ranges from 0 to 48, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function" (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: on the sixth day after surgery, and on the 30th day after surgery

Incidence of Non-delirium Complications After Surgery

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	MMSE score on postoperative day 6	m-TICS score on postoperative day 30
CTRL Group	29	34
DEX Group	29	34

Non-delirium complications was defined as any conditions other than delirium that occurred during the first 30 days after surgery and required therapeutic intervention.Complications listed here were not considered adverse events in this study. (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: Occurrence of non-delirium complications will be monitored until 30 days after surgery.

Pain Intensity

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Stroke	New onset arrythmia	Pulmonary complications	Upper gastrointestinal bleeding	Surgical bleeding	Wound dehiscence or infection	Acute kidney injury	IABP assistance
CTRL Group	3	51	27	4	3	7	44	12
DEX Group	3	42	15	2	3	11	37	6

Pain intensity was assessed daily at 8 am during the first five days after surgery with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0 = no pain, 10 = the worst possible pain). (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: During the first five days after surgery

Subjective Sleep Quality

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Pain score after surgery(d1), at rest	Pain score after surgery(d2), at rest	Pain score after surgery(d3), at rest	Pain score after surgery(d4), at rest	Pain score after surgery(d5), at rest	Pain score after surgery(d1), with coughing	Pain score after surgery(d2), with coughing	Pain score after surgery(d3), with coughing	Pain score after surgery(d4), with coughing	Pain score after surgery(d5), with coughing
CTRL Group	3	3	2	2	1	4	4	4	3	2
DEX Group	3	4	3	2	2	4	5	4	3	2

Subjective sleep quality was assessed daily at 8 am during the first five days after surgery with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0 = best sleep, 10 = the worst possible sleep). (NCT02267538)
Timeframe: During the first five days after surgery

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Laryngospasm and Bronchospasm.

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Subjective sleep quality after surgery(d1), score	Subjective sleep quality after surgery(d2), score	Subjective sleep quality after surgery(d3), score	Subjective sleep quality after surgery(d4), score	Subjective sleep quality after surgery(d5), score
CTRL Group	2	3	2	2	2
DEX Group	2	3	2	2	2

If there is any episode of bronchospasm or laryngospasm, it will be noted if it occured during emergence and for 6 hours post operatively. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at the time of extubation till 6 hours postoperatively

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Mointoring Requirement of Analgesia

Intervention	Number of Patients (Number)
Tramadol	0
Placebo	0

Requirement of analgesia will be recorded at recovery room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any need of analgesic, it will be noted and will be considered as one of the determinants of poor quality of emergence. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: At Recovery room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring Convulsions

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Recovery Room	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	3	23	4	7
Tramadol	5	15	3	6

Convulsions will be recorded at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively.If there is any episode of convulsion, it will be noted. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring GCS

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Recovery Room	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	0	0	0	0
Tramadol	0	0	1	0

"Post operative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) will be recorded at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any deterioration in GCS less than 8/15, Patients will be intubated.~GCS categories <8 Low GCS 9-12 Intermediate GCS 13-15 Full GCS" (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring PONV

Intervention	Number of Patients (Number)
	Recovery Room : <8	Recovery Room : 9-12	Recovery Room : 13-15	2h : <8	2h : 9-12	2h : 13-15	4h : <8	4h : 9-12	4h : 13-15	6h : <8	6h : 9-12	6h : 13-15
Placebo	0	0	41	0	1	40	1	0	40	1	0	40
Tramadol	0	1	38	0	1	38	0	0	39	0	0	39

Post operative nausea vomiting will be recorded at RR, 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively. If there is any episode of PONV it will be noted. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at Recovery Room , 2, 4 and 6 hours postoperatively

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Recovery Room	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	0	3	1	1
Tramadol	0	3	0	0

Diastolic blood pressure will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If values of blood pressure rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Diastolic BP from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
	Base line	1min Before Extubation	1min After Extubation	2 min	5min	10min	20min	30min	1h	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	77.83	78.65	85.78	82.41	78.59	78.32	76.73	76.93	75.33	75.89	78.00	74.89
Tramadol	75.92	77.30	83.97	79.19	78.68	77.37	78.19	77.14	76.39	75.71	74.85	75.26

Heart rate will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If haemodynamic values of heart rate rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: HR from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Intervention	bpm (Mean)
	Baseline	1min Before Extubation	1min After Extubation	2 min	5min	10min	20min	30min	1h	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	79.37	91.41	98.54	93.50	90.00	86.70	83.38	84.10	82.46	81.97	81.23	78.20
Tramadol	82.26	89.30	93.61	89.61	86.27	86.26	82.44	81.92	79.53	80.03	78.94	79.65

Systolic blood pressure will be recorded at 1 minute before giving the reversal (glycopyrolate and neostigmine) and then 1,2,5,10,20,30 minutes ,1,2,4 and 6 hours after extubation. If values of blood pressure rise more than 20% from baseline values injection Metoprolol 1mg (beta blocker) bolus will be used and titrated according to response. The study will end at 6 hours post extubation. (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Systolic BP from the time of extubation till 6 hours post operatively

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Episodes of Denaturation

Intervention	mm Hg (Mean)
	Baseline	1min Before Extubation	1min After Extubation	2 min	5min	10min	20min	30min	1h	2h	4h	6h
Placebo	132.34	134.29	143.70	139.77	133.37	131.59	133.15	132.10	129.80	125.74	125.81	122.61
Tramadol	128.55	132.63	141.81	134.89	130.05	126.95	127.86	127.19	128.11	127.76	127.35	122.97

"If there is any episodes of denaturation (Oxygen saturation <92%), it will be noted it it is occurring during emergence.~Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence" (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: at the time of extubation

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Cough on Cough Scale.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	at resumption of spontaneous breathing	at the time of obeying of verbal commands	at the time of cuff deflation	at the time of extubation	2 min after extubation
Placebo	0	0	0	0	0
Tramadol	0	0	0	0	0

"Cough will be described on following scale 5 = No coughing or straining, 4 = Very smooth minimal coughing, 3 = Moderate coughing, 2 = Marked coughing or straining,~1 = Poor extubation~Cough will be recorded on the above mentioned scale by resident/consultant at following time intervals of emergence~At resumption of spontaneous breathing,~Ability to respond to verbal commands~At cuff deflation~At extubation~2 minutes after extubation. It will be noted if it occurs during emergence at the above mentioned time intervals. Absence of it will be considered as smooth emergence." (NCT02964416)
Timeframe: Cough at the time of emergence

Estimated Propofol Doses Producing 50% Excellent Intubation Conditions

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	At resumption of spontaneous breathing72201515	At resumption of spontaneous breathing72201516	Ability to respond to verbal commands72201516	Ability to respond to verbal commands72201515	At cuff deflation72201516	At cuff deflation72201515	At extubation72201516	At extubation72201515	2 minutes after extubation72201515	2 minutes after extubation72201516
	Poor extubation	Marked coughing or straining	Moderate coughing	Very smooth minimal coughing	No coughing or straining
Tramadol	33
Placebo	36
Placebo	0
Tramadol	1
Placebo	1
Tramadol	3
Placebo	2
Tramadol	34
Placebo	37
Placebo	3
Placebo	4
Placebo	33
Tramadol	4
Placebo	6
Tramadol	32
Placebo	32
Tramadol	2
Tramadol	0
Tramadol	36

"Logistic regression utilized to measure the amount of propofol to obtain 50% excellent intubation conditions for each age/time group.~The quality of tracheal intubation will be graded according to the Steyn modification of the Helbo-Hansen scoring system for tracheal intubation, which includes evaluation of ease of laryngoscopy, position of the vocal cords, coughing, jaw relaxation and movement of limbs, each evaluated on a 1-4 scale, with 1 being the best possible condition and 4 the worst. The intubation conditions will be classified as either excellent or not-excellent. Excellent will be defined as a total score of 5, a score of 1 for each category, and not-excellent will be a total score of 6-20, meaning a score of >1 in any category. While the outcome measure of each intubation is excellent or not excellent, the overall outcome being generated is the amount of propofol in mg/kg required for 50% excellent intubation score." (NCT01150838)
Timeframe: Amount of time it takes to intubate each patient; approximate time is 15-45 seconds

Days Until Return to Work

Intervention	mg/kg (Mean)
Age 1-6 Years, Time 2-4 Minutes of Sevoflurane Until Propofol Administration	1.48
Age 1-6 Years, Time 4-6 Minutes of Sevoflurane Until Propofol Administration	0.00
Age 1-6 Years, Time 6-8 Minutes of Sevoflurane Until Propofol Administration	0.07
Age 6-11 Years, Time 2-4 Minutes of Sevoflurane Until Propofol Administration	2.35
Age 6-11 Years, Time 4-6 Minutes of Sevoflurane Until Propofol Administration	2.33

Using surveys, the number of days to return to work was assessed for patients who were able to return to work. (NCT02499159)
Timeframe: Assessed at 30 days post-procedure

Hospital Length of Stay

Intervention	days (Median)
Exparel	6.5
0.25% Standard Bupivicaine	5

Median length of stay in days until discharge. (NCT02499159)
Timeframe: From end of procedure until discharge, usually 0-2 days.

Number of Patients With Paresthesias (Postoperatively at 7 Days)

Intervention	days (Median)
Exparel	0
0.25% Standard Bupivicaine	0

Patients are asked if they have experienced a pricking or tingling sensation caused by potential pressure or damage to peripheral nerves since the procedure. (NCT02499159)
Timeframe: Assessed at day 7 post-procedure

Overall Amounts of Pain Medications Consumed Through Post-operative Day 7

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Exparel	10
0.25% Standard Bupivicaine	20

Using questionnaires, patients are asked if they took Dilaudid, Tylenol, Motrin, or other opioids and if so, how many tablets. (NCT02499159)
Timeframe: Assessed daily for 7 days post-procedure

Proportion of Patients With Paresthesias (Postoperatively at 30 Days)

Intervention	tablets (Number)
Exparel	1294
0.25% Standard Bupivicaine	1455.5

Patients are asked if they have experienced a pricking or tingling sensation caused by potential pressure or damage to peripheral nerves (NCT02499159)
Timeframe: Assessed at day 30 post-procedure

Return to Baseline Activity

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Exparel	6
0.25% Standard Bupivicaine	5

Using surveys, patients are asked if they have been able to return to baseline activity levels. (NCT02499159)
Timeframe: Assessed at 30 days post-procedure

Return to Work

Using surveys, patients are asked if they have been able to return to work. (NCT02499159)
Timeframe: Assessed at 30 days post-procedure

Scores on a Analog Pain Scale (7 Days)

Using questionnaires, patients are asked what their pain level is based on a scale from 0-10, 10 being the absolute worst pain and 0 being no pain. (NCT02499159)
Timeframe: Assessed at day 7 post-procedure

Scores on an Analog Pain Scale (30 Days)

Length of Stay

Hospital length of stay for this operation will be recorded and analyzed for each arm of the study. (NCT01566838)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 5 days

30-day Incidence of Parasthesia

30-day incidence of paresthesia (tingling or pricking sensation, usually caused by pressure or nerve damage) (NCT01566838)
Timeframe: 30 days

7-day Paresthesia

Participants experiencing parasthesia (a tingling or pricking sensation usually caused by pressure or damage to nerves) through postoperative day 7 (NCT01566838)
Timeframe: Postoperative day 1 through day 7

Number of Participants With and Without 30-Day Pain Medication Usage

The primary outcome will measure narcotics usage from post-operative day 1 through post-operative day 30. (NCT01566838)
Timeframe: Postoperative day 1 through postoperative day 30

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Yes	No	Not currently working
On-q Pump	18	3	17
Standard of Care	20	3	19

Article	Year
Effects of intravenous fentanyl around the end of surgery on emergence agitation in children: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Fentanyl; Humans; Infant;	2017
Anesthetic considerations and airway management in a professional singer: case report and brief review. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2015, Volume: 62, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Management; Androstanols; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Dysphonia; Fenta	2015
Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids: a meta-analysis. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 32 Topics: Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Fentanyl; Humans; Incidence; Piperidines; Postoperative Complication	2016
Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids: a meta-analysis. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 32 Topics: Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Fentanyl; Humans; Incidence; Piperidines; Postoperative Complication	2016
Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids: a meta-analysis. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 32 Topics: Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Fentanyl; Humans; Incidence; Piperidines; Postoperative Complication	2016
Incidence of postoperative shivering comparing remifentanil with other opioids: a meta-analysis. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 32 Topics: Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Fentanyl; Humans; Incidence; Piperidines; Postoperative Complication	2016
[Management of transdermal therapeutics in perioperative care]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2009, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Analgesics; Anesthetics; Cardiovascular System; Contraindications; Diffus	2009
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British journal of anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics	2010
Variants of pheochromocytoma and their anesthetic implications--a case report and literature review. Middle East journal of anaesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Car	2010
[Pediatric cardiac anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 59 Suppl Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Surgical	2010
The immune-suppressive effects of pain. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2003, Volume: 521 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Bupivacaine; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Fentanyl; Humans; Immune Tolera	2003
Hemodynamic responses to perioperative pain and stress in infants. Critical care medicine, 1993, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Suppl Topics: Fentanyl; Halothane; Heart Defects, Congenital; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, In	1993
Postoperative opisthotonus and torticollis after fentanyl, enflurane, and nitrous oxide. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1991, Volume: 38, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Enflurane; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Postoperative Com	1991
[Anesthetic management during aortocoronary bypass surgery]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1985, Volume: 34, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vasospasm; Extracor	1985

fentanyl and Postoperative Complications

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (382)

Authors

Clinical Trials (69)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Fentanyl and Morphine Requirements

First Administration of Fentanyl or Morphine

Pain Assessment

Postoperative Agitation

Adverse Events

Number of Participants That Experienced Nausea or Vomiting

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) at Rest

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) at Rest

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) at Rest

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Movement

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Movement

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Movement

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Movement

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Uterine Cramping

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Uterine Cramping

Postoperative Pain Score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) on Uterine Cramping

Ramsay Sedation Score(RSS)

Ramsay Sedation Score(RSS)

Ramsay Sedation Score(RSS)

Ramsay Sedation Score(RSS)

Relative Infant Dose (RID) of Dexmedetomidine

The Degree of Satisfaction

Incidence of Postoperative Delirium

Length of Stay in Hospital After Surgery

Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit

Cognitive Function

Incidence of Non-delirium Complications After Surgery

Pain Intensity

Subjective Sleep Quality

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Laryngospasm and Bronchospasm.

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Mointoring Requirement of Analgesia

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring Convulsions

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring GCS

Effect of Tramadol on Quality of Emergence Measured by Extubation Response Through Monitoring PONV

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Haemodynamic Parameters at the Time of Emergence and Postextubation

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Episodes of Denaturation

Measure the Quality of Emergence From General Anaesthesia by Measuring the Frequency of Cough on Cough Scale.

Estimated Propofol Doses Producing 50% Excellent Intubation Conditions

Days Until Return to Work

Hospital Length of Stay

Number of Patients With Paresthesias (Postoperatively at 7 Days)

Overall Amounts of Pain Medications Consumed Through Post-operative Day 7

Proportion of Patients With Paresthesias (Postoperatively at 30 Days)

Return to Baseline Activity

Return to Work

Scores on a Analog Pain Scale (7 Days)

Scores on an Analog Pain Scale (30 Days)

Length of Stay

30-day Incidence of Parasthesia

7-day Paresthesia

Number of Participants With and Without 30-Day Pain Medication Usage

Resumed Physical Activity

Return to Work

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies