fentanyl has been researched along with Pain, Procedural in 20 studies
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.
Pain, Procedural: Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "The addition of gabapentin to moderate sedation during D&E did not result in lower maximum recalled procedural pain." | 9.69 | Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Brant, AR; Floyd, S; Lotke, PS; Reeves, MF; Scott, RK; Tefera, E; Ye, PP, 2023) |
| "In a small sample of children aged 4 to 18 years undergoing abscess I&D, IN fentanyl was noninferior, and potentially superior, to IV morphine for reducing procedural pain and distress." | 9.27 | Randomized Trial of Intranasal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Morphine for Abscess Incision and Drainage. ( Aponte-Patel, L; Babineau, J; Dayan, PS; Fenster, DB; Tsze, DS, 2018) |
| "The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS) in controlling procedural breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) in advanced cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy." | 7.91 | Effectiveness of fentanyl pectin nasal citrate in controlling episodes of breakthrough cancer pain triggered by routine radiotherapy procedures. ( Aymar, N; Jiménez, E; Mena, A; Mestre, F; Ortiz, I; Pardo, J; Roncero, R; Vidal, M, 2019) |
| "The addition of gabapentin to moderate sedation during D&E did not result in lower maximum recalled procedural pain." | 5.69 | Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Brant, AR; Floyd, S; Lotke, PS; Reeves, MF; Scott, RK; Tefera, E; Ye, PP, 2023) |
| " NMDA receptor antagonists versus no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non-pharmacological intervention One RCT evaluated using oral ketamine (10 mg/kg body weight) versus sugar syrup (66." | 5.41 | Non-opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates. ( Bruschettini, M; Persad, E; Pizarro, AB, 2023) |
| " Opioids may result in an increase in episodes of apnea compared to placebo (RR 3." | 5.41 | Opioids for procedural pain in neonates. ( Borys, F; Bruschettini, M; Kinoshita, M; Olsson, E, 2023) |
| " Opioids may result in an increase in episodes of apnea compared to placebo (RR 3." | 5.41 | Opioids for procedural pain in neonates. ( Borys, F; Bruschettini, M; Kinoshita, M; Olsson, E, 2023) |
| "In a small sample of children aged 4 to 18 years undergoing abscess I&D, IN fentanyl was noninferior, and potentially superior, to IV morphine for reducing procedural pain and distress." | 5.27 | Randomized Trial of Intranasal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Morphine for Abscess Incision and Drainage. ( Aponte-Patel, L; Babineau, J; Dayan, PS; Fenster, DB; Tsze, DS, 2018) |
| "The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS) in controlling procedural breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) in advanced cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy." | 3.91 | Effectiveness of fentanyl pectin nasal citrate in controlling episodes of breakthrough cancer pain triggered by routine radiotherapy procedures. ( Aymar, N; Jiménez, E; Mena, A; Mestre, F; Ortiz, I; Pardo, J; Roncero, R; Vidal, M, 2019) |
| " We included any duration of drug treatment and any dosage given continuously or as bolus; we excluded studies that gave opioids to ventilated infants for procedures." | 2.72 | Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation. ( Bellù, R; Bruschettini, M; de Waal, KA; Nava, C; Romantsik, O; Zanini, R, 2021) |
| "Main adverse drug events were nausea and vomiting, somnolence, and confusion." | 1.72 | Tolerance of Fentanyl Pectin Nasal Spray for Procedural Pain in Geriatric Patients. ( Baudrant, M; Bedouch, P; Cracowski, JL; Drevet, S; Gavazzi, G; Gibert, P; Grevy, A; Maindet, C; Maljean, L; Mitha, N; Payen, M; Tiffet, T; Zerhouni, N, 2022) |
| " The primary outcome measures were adverse events and failed laceration repair." | 1.51 | Safety and effectiveness of intranasal midazolam and fentanyl used in combination in the pediatric emergency department. ( Cosgrove, P; Kienstra, AJ; Ryan, PM; Vezzetti, R; Wilkinson, M, 2019) |
| " Vital signs before and after dosing were not significantly different." | 1.51 | Intranasal midazolam and fentanyl for procedural sedation and analgesia in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. ( Bidegain, M; Cotten, CM; Fisher, K; Goldberg, RN; Greenberg, RG; Hornik, CD; Ku, LC; Simmons, C; Smith, PB, 2019) |
| " Adverse events in CAPS patients were recorded." | 1.51 | Computer-Assisted Propofol Sedation for Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Is Effective, Efficient, and Safe. ( Beecher, R; Chiorean, M; Drennan, F; Gluck, M; Koch, J; Kozarek, RA; La Selva, D; Larsen, M; Lin, OS; McCormick, S; Ross, A; Tombs, D; Venu, N; Weigel, W, 2019) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 10 (50.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 10 (50.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Maljean, L | 1 |
| Gavazzi, G | 1 |
| Gibert, P | 1 |
| Grevy, A | 1 |
| Payen, M | 1 |
| Zerhouni, N | 1 |
| Tiffet, T | 1 |
| Cracowski, JL | 1 |
| Mitha, N | 1 |
| Maindet, C | 1 |
| Baudrant, M | 1 |
| Bedouch, P | 1 |
| Drevet, S | 1 |
| Brant, AR | 1 |
| Reeves, MF | 1 |
| Ye, PP | 1 |
| Scott, RK | 1 |
| Floyd, S | 1 |
| Tefera, E | 1 |
| Lotke, PS | 1 |
| Persad, E | 1 |
| Pizarro, AB | 1 |
| Bruschettini, M | 4 |
| Kinoshita, M | 2 |
| Olsson, E | 2 |
| Borys, F | 2 |
| Cruickshank, A | 1 |
| Qeadan, F | 1 |
| Kuttesch, JF | 1 |
| Agarwal, HS | 1 |
| Lai, SF | 1 |
| Lam, MT | 1 |
| Li, HWR | 1 |
| Ng, EHY | 1 |
| Rezniczek, GA | 1 |
| Hecken, JM | 1 |
| Rehman, S | 1 |
| Dogan, A | 1 |
| Tempfer, CB | 1 |
| Hilal, Z | 1 |
| Wang, J | 1 |
| Yuan, X | 1 |
| Guo, W | 1 |
| Xiang, X | 1 |
| Wu, Q | 1 |
| Fang, M | 1 |
| Zhang, W | 1 |
| Ding, Z | 1 |
| Xie, K | 1 |
| Fang, J | 1 |
| Zhou, H | 1 |
| Fu, S | 1 |
| Fihlman, M | 1 |
| Karru, E | 1 |
| Varpe, P | 1 |
| Huhtinen, H | 1 |
| Hagelberg, N | 1 |
| Saari, TI | 1 |
| Olkkola, KT | 1 |
| Bellù, R | 1 |
| Romantsik, O | 1 |
| Nava, C | 1 |
| de Waal, KA | 1 |
| Zanini, R | 1 |
| Mayorga-Buiza, MJ | 1 |
| Marquez-Rivas, J | 1 |
| Gomez-Gonzalez, E | 1 |
| Nusrat, S | 1 |
| Madhoun, MF | 1 |
| Tierney, WM | 1 |
| Ryan, PM | 1 |
| Kienstra, AJ | 1 |
| Cosgrove, P | 1 |
| Vezzetti, R | 1 |
| Wilkinson, M | 1 |
| Cabadas Avión, R | 1 |
| Baluja, A | 1 |
| Ojea Cendón, M | 1 |
| Leal Ruiloba, MS | 1 |
| Vázquez López, S | 1 |
| Rey Martínez, M | 1 |
| Magdalena López, P | 1 |
| Álvarez-Escudero, J | 1 |
| Ku, LC | 1 |
| Simmons, C | 1 |
| Smith, PB | 1 |
| Greenberg, RG | 1 |
| Fisher, K | 1 |
| Hornik, CD | 1 |
| Cotten, CM | 1 |
| Goldberg, RN | 1 |
| Bidegain, M | 1 |
| Pardo, J | 1 |
| Mena, A | 1 |
| Jiménez, E | 1 |
| Aymar, N | 1 |
| Ortiz, I | 1 |
| Roncero, R | 1 |
| Mestre, F | 1 |
| Vidal, M | 1 |
| Lin, OS | 1 |
| La Selva, D | 1 |
| Kozarek, RA | 1 |
| Tombs, D | 1 |
| Weigel, W | 1 |
| Beecher, R | 1 |
| Koch, J | 1 |
| McCormick, S | 1 |
| Chiorean, M | 1 |
| Drennan, F | 1 |
| Gluck, M | 1 |
| Venu, N | 1 |
| Larsen, M | 1 |
| Ross, A | 1 |
| Wall, SL | 1 |
| Clarke, DL | 1 |
| Allorto, NL | 1 |
| Fenster, DB | 1 |
| Dayan, PS | 1 |
| Babineau, J | 1 |
| Aponte-Patel, L | 1 |
| Tsze, DS | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gabapentin as an Adjunct for Pain Management During Dilation and Evacuation: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03635905] | Phase 4 | 130 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-05-26 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Topical Lidocaine/Prilocaine in Pain Management in Pleurocentesis[NCT05984264] | Phase 4 | 118 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized Study on Use of Virtual Reality Technology for Pain Relief in Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval Under Conscious Sedation[NCT05218382] | 160 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-12-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) With Versus Without Intraoperative Application of Lugol's Iodine in Women With Cervical Dysplasia: a Prospective Randomized Trial[NCT05132114] | 216 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-17 | Recruiting | |||
| Large Loop Excision of the Transformatione Zone Under General Versus Local Anesthesia: a Randomized Trial.[NCT03494686] | 229 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-04-03 | Completed | |||
| Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combined With Oxycodone for Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Liver Cancer: a Randomized Controlled Study[NCT06003218] | 88 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-16 | Recruiting | |||
| Effect of an Adjunctive Sedative for the Patients With Histories of Paradoxical Reaction to Midazolam During Sedative Endoscopy[NCT03940391] | 220 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-05-01 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intranasal Fentanyl in Combination With Midazolam Versus Midazolam Alone for Analgesia and Anxiolysis During Pediatric Facial Laceration Repair[NCT04745260] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-03-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Comparison of Two Methods Using Intranasal Lidocaine to Alleviate Discomfort Associated With Administration of Intranasal Midazolam in Children.[NCT03054844] | Phase 2 | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-03 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Intranasal Fentanyl at Reducing Pain During Abscess Incision and Drainage (I&D) in Children[NCT01549002] | Phase 3 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
If my child needed medications to stay calm for a procedure, I would like to use these same medications again. (NCT03054844)
Timeframe: 1 minute
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| PREMED | 10 |
| PREMIX | 12 |
Cry duration was measured in seconds and defined as the time from onset of crying following administration of an IN medication until the cessation of crying sounds and/or tears. If a patient did not cry, the cry duration was zero (NCT03054844)
Timeframe: 10 minutes
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PREMED | 84 |
| PREMIX | 73 |
The Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale is comprised of five criteria (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability), with a possible score of 0 to 2 units on a scale for each criteria and a possible total score of 0 to 10 units on a scale (0 meaning no pain, 10 meaning most pain). (NCT03054844)
Timeframe: 10 minutes
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PREMED | 6.7 |
| PREMIX | 7 |
The Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised (OSBD-R) is an observational measure of pain and distress shown to have strong validity in children. The scale is an 8-factor, weighted observational scale used to measure distress associated with medical procedures, which has been validated in children and adults aged 1 to 20 years. The total Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised score is the sum of the scale scores for each phase, with each phase assigned a score from 0 to 23.5 units on a scale (0=no distress, 23.5=maximum distress), based on the frequency and types of behaviors observed during a predetermined number of 15-second intervals during each phase. There were four phases so the range of scores for the total OSBD-R was 0 to 94 units on a scale, with a higher score indicated a greater degree of distress. (NCT03054844)
Timeframe: 10 minutes
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PREMED | 6.4 |
| PREMIX | 7 |
The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) utilizes six observational factors (cry, facial, verbal, torso, touch, and legs) to evaluate pain in young children and can be used to monitor the effectiveness of interventions for reducing the pain and discomfort of an intervention. This scale rates each behavior numerically, with a score of 4-6 units on a scale representing no pain, and a maximum score of 13 units on a scale representing (most pain perceived). (NCT03054844)
Timeframe: 10 minutes
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PREMED | 10.6 |
| PREMIX | 10.5 |
I would like to use this method of administering intranasal midazolam and lidocaine again in the future (NCT03054844)
Timeframe: 1 minute
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| PREMED | 8 |
| PREMIX | 24 |
"Number of patients satisfied with analgesia administered will be evaluated by determining the number of patients who report a Likert scale response of somewhat satisfied, very satisfied, or extremely satisfied (i.e. any patient who selects any of these three responses will be considered to have been satisfied with analgesia administered). Patients will be asked 10 minutes after procedure completion. If the patient is 8 years of age and older, both the patient and the parent or guardian will complete a satisfaction survey. If the patients is younger than 8 years, their parent or guardian will complete the satisfaction survey." (NCT01549002)
Timeframe: 10 minutes after procedure completion
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intranasal Fentanyl | 10 |
| Intravenous Morphine | 4 |
Our primary outcome is the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress - Revised (OSBD-R) to assess observed intra-procedural pain. The total OSBD-R score is a summation of the OSBD-R score of each individual phase. The score in each phase can range from 0 to 23.5. There were four phases in our study, so the range of scores for the total OSBD-R was 0 to 94, with a higher score indicating a greater degree of pain and distress. The four phases in the study are (1) before analgesia administration, (2) ten minutes after analgesia administration but before beginning I&D, (3) immediately post I&D procedure (to ascertain the pain perceived during procedure), and (4) ten minutes after procedure completion. The scores documented here are the total OSBD-R scores. (NCT01549002)
Timeframe: Up to 10 minutes after the procedure completion
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Intranasal Fentanyl | 5.48 |
| Intravenous Morphine | 18.92 |
"The Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) is a self-report measure of pain has strong validity and reliability in children 4 - 17 years of age undergoing painful procedures, and will be used to assess patients' self reported pain. A score of 0 means no pain, a score of 10 means very much pain. Therefore, a lower score indicates that a patient is experiencing a lower degree of pain intensity.~Patients will complete the FPS-R at four times during their medical encounter: (1) before analgesia administration, (2) ten minutes after analgesia administration but before beginning I&D, (3) immediately post I&D procedure (to ascertain the pain perceived during procedure), and (4) ten minutes after procedure completion." (NCT01549002)
Timeframe: Up to 10 minutes after procedure completion
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before analgesia administration | 10 min after analgesia, before I&D | Immediately post-I&D | 10 min after procedure completion | |
| Intranasal Fentanyl | 6 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| Intravenous Morphine | 4 | 4 | 10 | 5 |
4 reviews available for fentanyl and Pain, Procedural
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Non-opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apnea; Body Wei | 2023 |
Opioids for procedural pain in neonates.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Apnea; Bradycardia; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypotension; Infant; Infant, N | 2023 |
Opioids for procedural pain in neonates.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Apnea; Bradycardia; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypotension; Infant, Newborn; | 2023 |
Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Bias; Child Development; Fentanyl; Heroin; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infa | 2021 |
7 trials available for fentanyl and Pain, Procedural
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Dilatation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fentanyl; Gabapentin; Humans; Midazolam; Nausea; Pain; Pain | 2023 |
A randomized double-blinded non-inferiority trial comparing fentanyl and midazolam with pethidine and diazepam for pain relief during oocyte retrieval.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Conscious Sedation; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2020 |
Syringe or mask? Loop electrosurgical excision procedure under local or general anesthesia: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma in Situ; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anes | 2020 |
Syringe or mask? Loop electrosurgical excision procedure under local or general anesthesia: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma in Situ; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anes | 2020 |
Syringe or mask? Loop electrosurgical excision procedure under local or general anesthesia: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma in Situ; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anes | 2020 |
Syringe or mask? Loop electrosurgical excision procedure under local or general anesthesia: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma in Situ; Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anes | 2020 |
Sedation and Analgesia for Liver Cancer Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation: Fentanyl and Oxycodone Comparison.
Topics: Aged; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Conscious Sedatio | 2020 |
Feasibility of a transmucosal sublingual fentanyl tablet as a procedural pain treatment in colonoscopy patients: a prospective placebo-controlled randomized study.
Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Colonoscopy; Double-Blind Method; Feasibility | 2020 |
Use of diphenhydramine as an adjunctive sedative for colonoscopy in patients on chronic opioid therapy: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Diphenhydramine; Fem | 2018 |
Randomized Trial of Intranasal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Morphine for Abscess Incision and Drainage.
Topics: Abscess; Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Ch | 2018 |
Randomized Trial of Intranasal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Morphine for Abscess Incision and Drainage.
Topics: Abscess; Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Ch | 2018 |
Randomized Trial of Intranasal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Morphine for Abscess Incision and Drainage.
Topics: Abscess; Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Ch | 2018 |
Randomized Trial of Intranasal Fentanyl Versus Intravenous Morphine for Abscess Incision and Drainage.
Topics: Abscess; Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Ch | 2018 |
9 other studies available for fentanyl and Pain, Procedural
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Tolerance of Fentanyl Pectin Nasal Spray for Procedural Pain in Geriatric Patients.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fentanyl; Humans; Nasal S | 2022 |
Eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine versus 1% lidocaine injection for lumbar punctures in pediatric oncology patients.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Child; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotic | 2019 |
Can fetus feel pain in the second trimester? Lessons learned from a sentinel event.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General | 2018 |
Safety and effectiveness of intranasal midazolam and fentanyl used in combination in the pediatric emergency department.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Analgesics, Opioid; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2019 |
Effectiveness and safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy during a specific sedation training program for non-anesthesiologists.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Conscious Sedation; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Fentanyl; Gastroenterologists; | 2019 |
Intranasal midazolam and fentanyl for procedural sedation and analgesia in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Analgesics, Opioid; Arterial Pressure; Bradycardia; Catheterization, Per | 2019 |
Effectiveness of fentanyl pectin nasal citrate in controlling episodes of breakthrough cancer pain triggered by routine radiotherapy procedures.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Breakthrough Pain; Cancer Pain; Female; Fentanyl | 2019 |
Computer-Assisted Propofol Sedation for Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Is Effective, Efficient, and Safe.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetists; Blood Gas Monitorin | 2019 |
Analgesia protocols for burns dressings: Challenges with implementation.
Topics: Academic Medical Centers; Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Bandages; Burns; Child | 2019 |