fentanyl and Morbid Obesity studies

Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"For the treatment of bradycardia atropine sulfate should be adjusted at least to lean body weight in order to avoid paradoxical heart rate response in patients with obesity."	5.42	Atropine sulfate for treatment of bradycardia in a patient with morbid obesity: what may happen when you least expect it. ( Carron, M; Veronese, S, 2015)
"The intensity of postoperative pain was similar in both groups (VAS, <3) CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil showed good analgesic properties during laparoscopic gastric banding surgery."	2.77	Comparison of different anesthetic regimens in patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding operations: a prospective randomized trial. ( Aksionova, D; Brimas, G; Cincilevičiūtė, G; Kontrimavičiūtė, E; Sipylaitė, J, 2012)
" This dose-response study suggests that doses of intrathecal bupivacaine less than 10 mg may not adequately ensure successful intraoperative anesthesia."	2.76	ED(50) and ED(95) of intrathecal bupivacaine in morbidly obese patients undergoing cesarean delivery. ( Atkinson Ralls, L; Carvalho, B; Collins, J; Drover, DR; Riley, ET, 2011)
"Sevoflurane consumption was calculated using the vaporizer weighing method."	2.73	Effect of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring on postoperative recovery and sevoflurane consumption among morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric banding. ( Al-Dohayan, A; Al-Zahrani, T; Alkathery, K; Alshaer, A; Bukhari, A; El-Dawlaty, A; Ibraheim, O; Mazen, K; Turkistani, A, 2008)
"Perioperative hemodynamic variables, postoperative pain scores, and the need for "rescue" analgesics and antiemetics were recorded at specific intervals."	2.73	Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. ( Griffin, J; Kianpour, D; Lacour, T; Macaluso, A; Peixoto, MP; Provost, DA; Shah, M; Skrivanek, G; Tufanogullari, B; White, PF, 2008)
"Both morbid obesity and binge eating disorder (BED) have previously been linked with aberrant brain opioid function."	1.48	Binge eating disorder and morbid obesity are associated with lowered mu-opioid receptor availability in the brain. ( Helin, S; Joutsa, J; Kaasinen, V; Karlsson, HK; Majuri, J; Nummenmaa, L; Nuutila, P, 2018)
" Although fentanyl is a commonly used narcotic during surgery, there are no pharmacokinetic (PK) data available for optimal dosing of fentanyl in adolescents with clinically severe obesity."	1.46	Use of Fentanyl in Adolescents with Clinically Severe Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study. ( Bachmann, R; Mikus, G; Mushtaq, A; Skopp, G; van den Anker, JN; Vaughns, JD; Weiss, J; Williams, EF; Ziesenitz, VC, 2017)
"For the treatment of bradycardia atropine sulfate should be adjusted at least to lean body weight in order to avoid paradoxical heart rate response in patients with obesity."	1.42	Atropine sulfate for treatment of bradycardia in a patient with morbid obesity: what may happen when you least expect it. ( Carron, M; Veronese, S, 2015)

Research

Studies (23)

Authors

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Consumption of Fentanyl

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	11 (47.83)	29.6817
2010's	11 (47.83)	24.3611
2020's	1 (4.35)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Cho, A	1
So, J	1
Ko, EY	1
Choi, D	1
Joutsa, J	1
Karlsson, HK	3
Majuri, J	1
Nuutila, P	3
Helin, S	3
Kaasinen, V	1
Nummenmaa, L	3
Kontrimavičiūtė, E	1
Sipylaitė, J	1
Aksionova, D	1
Cincilevičiūtė, G	1
Brimas, G	1
Carron, M	1
Veronese, S	1
Tuulari, JJ	2
Tuominen, L	2
Hirvonen, J	2
Honka, H	2
Parkkola, R	2
Salminen, P	2
Gaszyński, T	1
Czarnik, K	1
Łaziński, Ł	1
Gaszyński, W	1
Vaughns, JD	1
Ziesenitz, VC	1
Williams, EF	1
Mushtaq, A	1
Bachmann, R	1
Skopp, G	1
Weiss, J	1
Mikus, G	1
van den Anker, JN	1
Ibraheim, O	1
Alshaer, A	1
Mazen, K	1
El-Dawlaty, A	1
Turkistani, A	1
Alkathery, K	1
Al-Zahrani, T	1
Al-Dohayan, A	1
Bukhari, A	1
McDonnell, NJ	1
Muchatuta, NA	1
Paech, MJ	1
Kuczkowski, KM	2
Fernández, CL	1
Tsukahara, Y	1
Ozawa, M	1
Joshita, S	1
Mochizuki, K	1
Kikuchi, T	1
Nitta, K	1
Dohgomori, H	1
Okamoto, K	1
Carvalho, B	1
Collins, J	1
Drover, DR	1
Atkinson Ralls, L	1
Riley, ET	1
Fyneface-Ogan, S	1
Abam, DS	1
Numbere, C	1
Igarashi, T	1
Nagata, O	2
Iwakiri, H	1
Ikeda, M	1
Uezono, S	1
Ozaki, M	1
Feld, JM	1
Hoffman, WE	2
Stechert, MM	1
Hoffman, IW	1
Ananda, RC	2
Feld, J	1
Paisansathan, C	1
Park, H	1
Wieczorek, PM	1
Schricker, T	1
Vinet, B	1
Backman, SB	1
Tufanogullari, B	1
White, PF	1
Peixoto, MP	1
Kianpour, D	1
Lacour, T	1
Griffin, J	1
Skrivanek, G	1
Macaluso, A	1
Shah, M	1
Provost, DA	1
Michaloudis, D	1
Fraidakis, O	1
Petrou, A	1
Farmakalidou, H	1
Neonaki, M	1
Christodoulakis, M	1
Flossos, A	1
Bakos, P	1
Melissas, J	1
Saijo, H	1
Kitamura, T	1
Fujiwara, H	1
Hagiwara-Oguchi, K	1
Ide, Y	1
Tagami, M	1
Hanaoka, K	1
Salihoglu, Z	1
Demiroluk, S	1
Kose, Y	1
Benumof, JL	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Evaluation and Follow up of Emotional Regulation, Cognition, Impulsivity and Reward System in Obesity, and Determination of Its Biopsychosocial Risk Factors: A Prospective Study of Obese Patients Before and After Bariatric Surgery[NCT03528044]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-06	Completed
The Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Fentanyl in Adolescent Patients With Higher BMI Percentiles.[NCT01955993]		12 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-09-30	Completed
Effectiveness of Subarachnoid Hyperbaric Bupivacaine on Mean Arterial Blood Pressure in Pregnant Patients With Obesity Operated by Cesarean Section[NCT04205344]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Completed
Effect of Subarachnoid Hyperbaric Bupivacaine on Mean Arterial Pressure in Obese Pregnant Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section[NCT06060015]	Phase 4	106 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-01	Recruiting
Opioid Free Versus Opioid Balanced Anesthesia in Middle Ear Surgery.[NCT03809949]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-16	Completed
Influence of Dexmedetomidine and Lidocaine on Opioid Consumption, Cognitive Function and Incidence of Neuropathic Pain in Laparoscopic Intestine Resection[NCT02616523]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Comparison of Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine in Multimodal Analgesia Management Following Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial[NCT04836819]		78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-08	Completed
The Effect of Gabapentin on Acute Pain and PONV in Bariatric Surgical Patients[NCT00886236]		62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
The Use of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant for Perioperative Pain Management in Morbidly Obese Adolescents Undergoing Bariatric Surgery[NCT02880540]	Phase 3	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
Use of Dexmedetomidine for Deep Sedation in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Hysteroscopic Surgery[NCT01337739]		8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Terminated (stopped due to The study drug delayed time of discharge which is clinically impracticable.)
Guanfacine for PONV and Pain After Sinus Surgery[NCT02882854]		84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

consumption of fentanyl (mg) during the procedure (NCT02616523)
Timeframe: time of the operation

Consumption of Piritramide

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Dexmedetomidine	41
Lidocaine	50
Placebo	58

consumption of piritramide (mg) in the recovery room (NCT02616523)
Timeframe: one hour after the operation

Neuropathic Pain (Pain Questionnaire) dn4

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Dexmedetomidine	4.63
Lidocaine	5.25
Placebo	4.25

Pain questionnaire dn4 will be send to participants after two months of surgery to evaluate the neuropathic pain. There are minimum 0 points and maximum 10 points. If the score is 4 or higher then the pain is likely to be neuropathic pain. (NCT02616523)
Timeframe: two months after the surgery

Evaluate Incidence of Respiratory Depression as Evidenced by Pulse Oximetry Data

Evaluate the Amount of Diluadid Given Postoperatively

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Dexmedetomidine	0.11
Lidocaine	0.00
Placebo	0.45

Intervention	% oxygen saturation (Mean)
1 Preoperative Gabapentin Liquid	93
2 Preoperative and Postoperative Gabapentin Liquid	94
3 Preoperative and Postoperative Placebo Liquid	95

The amount of intraoperative and postoperative opioids used will be collected and analyzed for the three different arms. (NCT00886236)
Timeframe: 120 hours

Number of Participants Who Experience Incidence of Postoperative Nausea.

Pain Scores (Numerical Rating Scale 0-10) Using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised

Intervention	ml (Mean)
1 Preoperative Gabapentin Liquid	11.035
2 Preoperative and Postoperative Gabapentin Liquid	8.7
3 Preoperative and Postoperative Placebo Liquid	12.4

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
1 Preoperative Gabapentin Liquid	12
2 Preoperative and Postoperative Gabapentin Liquid	11
3 Preoperative and Postoperative Placebo Liquid	12

"Average pain scores during the day of surgery using the FPS-R rates pain on a scale from 1-10, with 0 representing no pain and 10 very much pain. Each level accompanies a facial expression, ranging from content to distress." (NCT02880540)
Timeframe: From surgery until discharge from the hospital, an average of 48 hours.

The Primary Outcome Will be the Difference in Intraoperative Opioid (Fentanyl) Administration Between Patients Receiving Dexmedetomidine and Those Receiving Propofol.

Intervention	Units on a scale (Median)
Control Group	5
Dexmedetomidine Treated	3.4

The primary outcome will be the difference in intraoperative opioid (fentanyl) administration between patients receiving dexmedetomidine and those receiving propofol. As described by mean and standard deviation. (NCT01337739)
Timeframe: Interoperative period

Time to Discharge

Intervention	Total Morphine Equivalents mg (Mean)
Placebo Comparator	11.8
Active Comparator	11.58

Time to discharge from the Post Anesthesia Care Unit or home or to hospital room. (NCT01337739)
Timeframe: 24 Hours

PACU Length of Stay in Minutes

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Placebo Comparator	88.16
Active Comparator	115

(NCT02882854)
Timeframe: Time frame between arrival and discharge in PACU, approximately 90 minutes

Postoperative Nausea Assessment Using 11-point Nausea Scale (nVRS)

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Guanfacine	128
Placebo	110

PONV assessed using nVRS at 24 hours postop when 0 is no nausea and 10 is worst nausea. (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 24 hours post op

Postoperative Pain Assessment Using 11-point Visual/Verbal Analog (VAS)

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Guanfacine	0.00
Placebo	0.00

Postoperative pain assessment using VAS at 24 hours postop when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 24 hours postop

Total Narcotic Requirement in PACU

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Guanfacine	3
Placebo	2

Total narcotic requirement in PACU tallied in morphine equivalents during PACU stay (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: Time frame between arrival and discharge in PACU, approximately 90 minutes

Maximum Postoperative Pain Assessment Using 11-point Visual/Verbal Analog (VAS)

Intervention	morphine equivalents (Median)
Guanfacine	8.75
Placebo	7.50

Maximum postoperative pain assessment assessed in PACU at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after PACU arrival using VAS when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 15, 30, 60 minutes after arriving in PACU

Article	Year
Comparison of different anesthetic regimens in patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding operations: a prospective randomized trial. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2012, Volume: 48, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Clinical Protocols; Female; Fentanyl; Gas	2012
Dexmedetomidine for attenuating haemodynamic response to intubation stimuli in morbidly obese patients anaesthetised using low-opioid technique: comparison with fentanyl-based general anaesthesia. Anaesthesiology intensive therapy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bariatric Surgery; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Fe	2016
Effect of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring on postoperative recovery and sevoflurane consumption among morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric banding. Middle East journal of anaesthesiology, 2008, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intrav	2008
ED(50) and ED(95) of intrathecal bupivacaine in morbidly obese patients undergoing cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 114, Issue:3 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics,	2011
ED(50) and ED(95) of intrathecal bupivacaine in morbidly obese patients undergoing cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 114, Issue:3 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics,	2011
ED(50) and ED(95) of intrathecal bupivacaine in morbidly obese patients undergoing cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 114, Issue:3 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics,	2011
ED(50) and ED(95) of intrathecal bupivacaine in morbidly obese patients undergoing cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 114, Issue:3 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics,	2011
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Fentanyl or dexmedetomidine combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesic	2006
Autonomic activity during dexmedetomidine or fentanyl infusion with desflurane anesthesia. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Genera	2007
Airway topicalisation in morbidly obese patients using atomised lidocaine: 2% compared with 4%. Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dru	2007
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Dexmedetomidine infusion during laparoscopic bariatric surgery: the effect on recovery outcome variables. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Antiemetics; Bariatric Surgery;	2008
Comparison of effects of remifentanil, alfentanil and fentanyl on cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation in morbidly obese patients. European journal of anaesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Alfentanil; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; In	2002

Article	Year
Spinal anesthesia for cesarean section in a super morbidly obese parturient: A case report. Medicine, 2020, Jul-31, Volume: 99, Issue:31 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesth	2020
Binge eating disorder and morbid obesity are associated with lowered mu-opioid receptor availability in the brain. Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 2018, 06-30, Volume: 276 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Binge-Eating Disorder; Brain; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	2018
Atropine sulfate for treatment of bradycardia in a patient with morbid obesity: what may happen when you least expect it. BMJ case reports, 2015, Jan-29, Volume: 2015 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrioventricular Block; Atropine; Bradycardia; De	2015
Weight loss after bariatric surgery normalizes brain opioid receptors in morbid obesity. Molecular psychiatry, 2016, Volume: 21, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Brain; Dopamine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; P	2016
Bariatric surgery normalizes brain opioid receptors. Molecular psychiatry, 2016, Volume: 21, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Bariatric Surgery; Brain; Fentanyl; Humans; Obesity, Morbid; Positron-Emission T	2016
Use of Fentanyl in Adolescents with Clinically Severe Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study. Paediatric drugs, 2017, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bariatric Surgery; Female; Fentan	2017
Management of a super-morbidly obese parturient requiring caesarean delivery (again!). Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetr	2008
Labor analgesia for the morbidly obese woman involved in a minor motor vehicle accident and unaware of pregnancy until full term and labor. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2010, Volume: 282, Issue:4 Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Female;	2010
[Anesthesia for a patient with morbid obesity, systemic edema and airway burn]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Burns; Edema; Fentanyl; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngosc	2010
Anaesthetic management of a super morbidly obese patient for total abdominal hysterectomy: a few more lessons to learn. African health sciences, 2012, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hysterectomy; Middle	2012
[Two cases of intraoperative awareness during intravenous anesthesia with propofol in morbidly obese patients]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Consciousness; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; I	2002
Continuous spinal anesthesia/analgesia for perioperative management of morbidly obese patients undergoing laparotomy for gastroplastic surgery. Obesity surgery, 2000, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Body Mass Index; Bupivacaine; Female; Fentanyl; Ga	2000
[Anesthetic management of a hyper-obese patient by target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and fentanyl]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Fentanyl; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous;	2001
Repeat cesarean section in a morbidly obese parturient: a new anesthetic option. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2002, Volume: 46, Issue:6 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic Agonists; Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; An	2002

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	15 minutes after PACU admission72482977			15 minutes after PACU admission72482978	30 minutes after PACU admission72482977	30 minutes after PACU admission72482978	60 minutes after PACU admission72482977	60 minutes after PACU admission72482978
	Mild (Pain nVRS 1-5)	Moderate/Severe (Pain nVRS 6-10)	None (Pain nVRS 0)
Guanfacine	31
Placebo	24
Guanfacine	0
Placebo	5
Guanfacine	8
Placebo	10
Guanfacine	18
Placebo	20
Guanfacine	7
Placebo	6
Guanfacine	14
Placebo	14
Guanfacine	12
Placebo	16
Guanfacine	6
Placebo	13
Guanfacine	21
Placebo	12

fentanyl and Morbid Obesity