fentanyl and Embryopathies studies

Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"A 28-year-old nulliparous patient at 41 weeks of gestation was treated for pruritus with intravenous diphenhydramine after epidural administration of fentanyl."	7.85	Transient Fetal Tachycardia After Intravenous Diphenhydramine Administration. ( Abernathy, A; Alsina, L; Egerman, R; Greer, J, 2017)
"A 28-year-old nulliparous patient at 41 weeks of gestation was treated for pruritus with intravenous diphenhydramine after epidural administration of fentanyl."	3.85	Transient Fetal Tachycardia After Intravenous Diphenhydramine Administration. ( Abernathy, A; Alsina, L; Egerman, R; Greer, J, 2017)
"To report the use of regional anesthesia and iv nitroglycerin to provide anesthesia and uterine relaxation for three Cesarean deliveries (CD) involving ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) of potentially life-threatening airway obstruction in the newborn."	3.74	Case series: Combined spinal epidural anesthesia for Cesarean delivery and ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure. ( George, RB; Habib, AS; Melnick, AH; Rose, EC, 2007)
"Fentanyl was detected in all of the samples, with a median serum concentration of 14."	1.38	Quantification of serum fentanyl concentrations from umbilical cord blood during ex utero intrapartum therapy. ( Adamson, PC; Cohen, DE; Galinkin, JL; Kurth, CD; Maxwell, LG; Moll, V; Tran, KM, 2012)
"Although FS in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients has been reported, the effect of FS has not been evaluated sufficiently."	1.37	Influence of fetal stabilization on postnatal status of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. ( Hishiki, T; Mitsunaga, T; Omoto, A; Osada, H; Saito, T; Sato, Y; Terui, K; Yoshida, H, 2011)

Research

Studies (14)

Authors

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Duration of Intrathecal Analgesia Following Cesarean Delivery

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (7.14)	18.7374
1990's	4 (28.57)	18.2507
2000's	5 (35.71)	29.6817
2010's	4 (28.57)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Abernathy, A	1
Alsina, L	1
Greer, J	1
Egerman, R	1
Clivatti, J	1
Siddiqui, N	1
Goel, A	1
Shaw, M	1
Crisan, I	1
Carvalho, JC	1
Terui, K	1
Omoto, A	1
Osada, H	1
Hishiki, T	1
Saito, T	1
Sato, Y	1
Mitsunaga, T	1
Yoshida, H	1
Tran, KM	1
Maxwell, LG	1
Cohen, DE	1
Adamson, PC	1
Moll, V	1
Kurth, CD	1
Galinkin, JL	1
Kuczkowski, KM	1
George, RB	1
Melnick, AH	1
Rose, EC	1
Habib, AS	1
Halpern, S	1
Glanc, P	1
Myhr, T	1
Ryan, M	1
Fong, K	1
Amankwah, K	1
Ohlsson, A	1
Clarke, VT	1
Smiley, RM	1
Finster, M	1
Fulgencio, JP	1
Hamza, J	1
Higashi, T	1
Kamo, N	1
Naitou, H	1
Tada, K	1
Fernández-Guisasola, J	1
García del Valle, S	1
Gómez-Arnau, JI	1
Anand, KJ	1
Maze, M	1
Fisk, NM	1
Gitau, R	1
Teixeira, JM	1
Giannakoulopoulos, X	1
Cameron, AD	1
Glover, VA	1
Johnson, MD	1
Birnbach, DJ	1
Burchman, C	1
Greene, MF	1
Datta, S	1
Ostheimer, GW	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized Trial of the Impact of Three Labor Analgesia Techniques on Labor Duration in Spontaneously Laboring Nulliparous Parturients[NCT01982838]		129 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to Low qualified candidate enrollment)
A Randomized Trial of the Impact of Three Labor Analgesia Techniques on Labor Duration in Nulliparous Labor Inductions[NCT01982851]		134 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to low qualified candidate enrollment)
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of the Oxytocin Infusion Rate on Fetal Heart Rate Changes and Maternal-Fetal Outcomes During the Initiation of Combined Spinal-Epidural Labor Analgesia[NCT03232918]	Phase 4	730 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-02-20	Recruiting
Mu-Opioid Receptor Genetic Polymorphism and the Duration of Intrathecal Fentanyl Labor Analgesia. Mu-Opioid Receptor Genetic Polymorphism and the Efficacy of Postoperative Intrathecal Morphine Analgesia[NCT00418015]		293 participants (Actual)	Observational	2005-10-31	Completed
Spinal Sufentanil for Relief of Labor Pain in Primi- and Multiparous Parturients[NCT04141527]		164 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-06-15	Completed
The Association Between Fluid Administration, Oxytocin Administration, and Fetal Heart Rate Changes[NCT00787176]		251 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to Study concluded prematurely prior to meeting intended goal recruitment.)
A Clinical Trial Evaluating the Interaction of Rapid Hydration and the Rate of Oxytocin Labor Augmentation on Fetal Heart Rate Changes and Maternal Fetal Outcomes[NCT02121184]		177 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Assessment of Maternal Blood Gas Changes When Using Atosiban and Terbutaline as Tocolytic Agents, During in Utero Repair of Myelomeningocele[NCT04468568]		25 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-10-01	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Time until request for supplemental analgesia following intrathecal morphine/fentanyl for cesarean delivery (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: 0 to 72 hours following cesarean delivery

Duration of Intrathecal Fentanyl Analgesia

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A	26
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A>G	40

Time from intrathecal drug administration to request for analgesia either in laboring women of after cesarean delivery (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: Time (0-1440 minutes) to first analgesia request

Subjects With Pruritus at 24 Hours Post Morphine

Intervention	Minutes (Median)
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A	70
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A>G	63

Subjects reporting pruritus in the first 24 hours post cesarean delivery (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: 24 hours post cesarean delivery

Visual Analog Pain Scale (0 to 100) at Analgesia Request Following Intrathecal Intervention

Intervention	participants (Number)
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A	33
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A>G	3

Visual analog pain scale (0 to 100) at 1st request for supplemental analgesia (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: VAS at analgesia request

Severity of Pruritus Following Fentanyl

Intervention	Units on a scale (Median)
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A	33
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A>G	38
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A	26
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A>G	40

Severity of pruritus during labor analgesia (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: Labor analgesia

Delivery Type

Intervention	participants (Number)
	None	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A	9	48	35	8
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A>G	13	59	26	2

Type of delivery (vaginal, forceps assisted, cesarean, emergency cesarean section) (NCT00787176)
Timeframe: Delivery

Number of Participants With Non-reassuring Fetal Heart Rate Tracings During the First 30 Minutes After the Placement of Epidural Analgesia

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Normal spontanous vaginal delivery	Forceps assisted vaginal delivery	Cesarean delivery
Group A	50	6	13
Group B	43	8	11
Group C	44	2	14
Group D	44	6	10
Group Sum	181	22	48

The number of participants who experience non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracings obtained via electronic recording during the first 30 minutes after the placement of epidural analgesia (NCT00787176)
Timeframe: Request for labor analgesia up to the first 30 minutes after the placement of epidural

Article	Year
[Combined subarachnoid-epidural technique for obstetric analgesia]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2000, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia,	2000
Fetal surgery and general anesthesia: a case report and review. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 1989, Volume: 1, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal	1989

Article	Year
Transient Fetal Tachycardia After Intravenous Diphenhydramine Administration. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2017, Volume: 130, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cesarean Section; Diphenhydramine; Female; F	2017
Quality of labour neuraxial analgesia and maternal satisfaction at a tertiary care teaching hospital: a prospective observational study. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2013, Volume: 60, Issue:8 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Contro	2013
Influence of fetal stabilization on postnatal status of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatric surgery international, 2011, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cesarean Section; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetal Distress; Fetal	2011
Quantification of serum fentanyl concentrations from umbilical cord blood during ex utero intrapartum therapy. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2012, Volume: 114, Issue:6 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Birth Weight; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Blood; Fetal Diseases; Gestational Age;	2012
Severe persistent fetal bradycardia following subarachnoid administration of fentanyl and bupivacaine for induction of a combined spinal-epidural analgesia for labor pain. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2004, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthet	2004
Case series: Combined spinal epidural anesthesia for Cesarean delivery and ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2007, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupiva	2007
Uterine and umbilical blood flow velocity during epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1994, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Arteries; Blood Flow Velocity; Cesarean Sectio	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Uterine hyperactivity after intrathecal injection of fentanyl for analgesia during labor: a cause of fetal bradycardia? Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Humans; Injections, Sp	1994
Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a patient receiving high dose amiodarone for fetal supraventricular tachycardia. Anaesthesia, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Amiodarone; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Drug Interaction	1994
[Anesthesia for cesarean section: drug transfer to fetus during anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cesarean Section; Diazepam; Female; Fentan	1996
Fetuses, fentanyl, and the stress response: signals from the beginnings of pain? Anesthesiology, 2001, Volume: 95, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Diseases; Fetus; Hemodynamics; Hormones; Humans;	2001

fentanyl and Embryopathies