fentanyl and Complications, Labor studies

Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Perineal pain during the course of routine epidural analgesia with bupivacaine was treated with a 10-ml top-up of either bupivacaine 25 mg, fentanyl 100 micrograms or fentanyl 100 micrograms plus bupivacaine 10 mg, in 46 women in the first stage of labour."	7.67	Epidural fentanyl and perineal pain in labour. ( O'Sullivan, G; Reynolds, F, 1989)
"Alfentanil 35 micrograms kg-1, was used successfully in a patient with severe aortic stenosis, in order to minimize the haemodynamic responses to intubation and surgery during Caesarean section."	7.67	Alfentanil for caesarean section complicated by severe aortic stenosis. A case report. ( Bower, S; Bullock, RE; Hull, CJ; Redfern, N, 1987)
"Pruritus was more frequent in the 2."	6.72	Intrathecal sufentanil (1.5 microg) added to hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) for elective cesarean section provides adequate analgesia without need for pruritus therapy. ( Demiraran, Y; Kocaman, B; Ozdemir, I; Yucel, O, 2006)
"Acute intermittent porphyria is one of three severe hepatic porphyrias."	5.27	[Peridural anesthesia with procaine and fentanyl in a parturient with acute intermittent porphyria]. ( Deybach, JC; Durand, M; Joyau, M; Nordmann, Y; Parmentier, G, 1986)
"2% ropivacaine hydrochloride without bolus administration reduces the incidence of hypotension by 67% and is safer than traditional bolus dosing for routine labor."	5.12	Hemodynamic stability during labor and delivery with continuous epidural infusion. ( Gerhardt, MA; Gunka, VB; Miller, RJ, 2006)
"The short duration of effective analgesia produced by intrathecal fentanyl (ITF) at doses ranging from 5 to 25 micrograms limits the drug's use for the management of labor pain."	5.09	Effect of intrathecal fentanyl dose on the duration of labor analgesia. ( Celeski, DC; Haas, J; Heindel, L; Vacchiano, CA, 1999)
"Perineal pain during the course of routine epidural analgesia with bupivacaine was treated with a 10-ml top-up of either bupivacaine 25 mg, fentanyl 100 micrograms or fentanyl 100 micrograms plus bupivacaine 10 mg, in 46 women in the first stage of labour."	3.67	Epidural fentanyl and perineal pain in labour. ( O'Sullivan, G; Reynolds, F, 1989)
"Alfentanil 35 micrograms kg-1, was used successfully in a patient with severe aortic stenosis, in order to minimize the haemodynamic responses to intubation and surgery during Caesarean section."	3.67	Alfentanil for caesarean section complicated by severe aortic stenosis. A case report. ( Bower, S; Bullock, RE; Hull, CJ; Redfern, N, 1987)
"Pruritus was more frequent in the 2."	2.72	Intrathecal sufentanil (1.5 microg) added to hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) for elective cesarean section provides adequate analgesia without need for pruritus therapy. ( Demiraran, Y; Kocaman, B; Ozdemir, I; Yucel, O, 2006)
"Women with severe preeclampsia at at least 24 weeks' gestation were randomly assigned to receive either intrapartum epidural (n = 56) versus patient-controlled intravenous opioid analgesia (n = 60), and each was administered by a standardized protocol."	2.70	A randomized trial of intrapartum analgesia in women with severe preeclampsia. ( Chestnut, DH; Hauth, JC; Head, BB; Owen, J; Shih, G; Vincent, RD, 2002)
" However, when making a choice between fentanyl and sufentanil, one must consider other important factors, such as the higher cost of sufentanil and the greater risk of dosing error due to the higher potency of sufentanil compared with fentanyl."	2.70	A comparison of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil for labor analgesia. ( D'Angelo, R; Nelson, KE; Rauch, T; Terebuh, V, 2002)
"Horner's syndrome is a rare complication of epidural analgesia for labor."	1.34	Trigeminal nerve palsy and Horner's syndrome following epidural analgesia for labor: a subdural block? ( Avellanal, M; Baticón, P; De la Gala, F; González-Zarco, LM; Reyes, A, 2007)
"A dose-response relationship between fentanyl and artificial feeding has not been reported elsewhere."	1.33	The impact of intrapartum analgesia on infant feeding. ( Bradshaw, C; Emery, S; Friswell, W; Jordan, S; Watkins, A, 2005)
"The opioid Fentanyl was used in a dosage of 0."	1.28	[Effects of fentanyl peridural analgesia in labor on fetal heart rate, uterine contraction and postnatal adaptation]. ( Heinrich, J; Schmitz, P, 1990)
"Acute intermittent porphyria is one of three severe hepatic porphyrias."	1.27	[Peridural anesthesia with procaine and fentanyl in a parturient with acute intermittent porphyria]. ( Deybach, JC; Durand, M; Joyau, M; Nordmann, Y; Parmentier, G, 1986)

Research

Studies (31)

Authors

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Duration of Labor Analgesia

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	6 (19.35)	18.7374
1990's	9 (29.03)	18.2507
2000's	14 (45.16)	29.6817
2010's	2 (6.45)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Landau, R	1
Adams, J	1
Frawley, J	1
Steel, A	1
Broom, A	1
Sibbritt, D	1
Desai, S	1
Leong, SB	1
Yvonne, L	1
Sia, A	1
Fornet Ruiz, I	1
Palacio Abizanda, FJ	1
Gilsanz, F	1
Fernández-Guisasola, J	2
Rodríguez Caravaca, G	1
Serrano Rodríguez, ML	1
Delgado González, T	1
García del Valle, S	2
Gómez-Arnau, JI	2
Ng, A	1
Shah, J	1
Smith, G	1
Lindow, SW	1
Dhillon, AR	1
Husaini, SW	1
Russell, IF	1
Jordan, S	1
Emery, S	1
Bradshaw, C	1
Watkins, A	1
Friswell, W	1
Zwiers, WJ	1
Blodgett, TM	1
Vallejo, MC	1
Finegold, H	1
Demiraran, Y	1
Ozdemir, I	1
Kocaman, B	1
Yucel, O	1
Gerhardt, MA	1
Gunka, VB	1
Miller, RJ	1
De la Gala, F	1
Reyes, A	1
Avellanal, M	1
Baticón, P	1
González-Zarco, LM	1
Laube, R	1
Weller, E	1
Niedner, W	1
Griffin, RP	1
Reynolds, F	3
Garner, EG	1
Smith, CV	1
Rayburn, WF	1
Robbins, CW	1
Slawson, DC	1
Porter, JS	1
Bonello, E	1
al-Mufti, R	1
Morey, R	1
Shennan, A	1
Morgan, B	1
Celeski, DC	1
Heindel, L	1
Haas, J	1
Vacchiano, CA	1
Head, BB	1
Owen, J	1
Vincent, RD	1
Shih, G	1
Chestnut, DH	1
Hauth, JC	1
Nelson, KE	1
Rauch, T	1
Terebuh, V	1
D'Angelo, R	1
Murphy, JD	1
Henderson, K	1
Bowden, MI	1
Lewis, M	1
Cooper, GM	1
Elliott, RD	1
Schmitz, P	1
Heinrich, J	1
O'Sullivan, G	1
Abouleish, EI	1
Hanley, ES	1
Palmer, SM	1
Redfern, N	1
Bower, S	1
Bullock, RE	1
Hull, CJ	1
Robinson, DE	1
Leicht, CH	1
Joyau, M	1
Deybach, JC	1
Durand, M	1
Parmentier, G	1
Nordmann, Y	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Labor Pain and Postpartum Behavioral Health Outcomes Study[NCT02692404]		199 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-01-31	Completed
Improving Labour Induction Analgesia: a Randomized Control Trial of Single Epidural Fentanyl Bolus at Epidural Initiation for Induction of Labour[NCT04011098]	Phase 1	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Terminated (stopped due to Unable to meet recruitment numbers, lack of participation)
A Randomized Trial of the Impact of Three Labor Analgesia Techniques on Labor Duration in Spontaneously Laboring Nulliparous Parturients[NCT01982838]		129 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to Low qualified candidate enrollment)
A Randomized Trial of the Impact of Three Labor Analgesia Techniques on Labor Duration in Nulliparous Labor Inductions[NCT01982851]		134 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to low qualified candidate enrollment)
The Relationship Between Local Anesthetic Concentration and Volume on Adequate Labor Analgesia With Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus[NCT03553576]	Phase 4	156 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-09	Terminated (stopped due to Lack of continued funding)
A Retrospective Case-controlled Study of the Association Between Request to Discontinue Second Stage Labor Epidural Analgesia and Risk of Instrumental Vaginal Delivery[NCT00443560]		2,162 participants (Actual)	Observational	2006-01-31	Completed
Comparison of Two Methods of Administration of the Epidural, by Programmed Intermittent Bolus or Continuous Perfusion, on the Incidence of Cesarean Sections and Instrumented Deliveries in Primiparous Women[NCT02705872]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-08	Withdrawn (stopped due to Change in guidelines)
Mu-Opioid Receptor Genetic Polymorphism and the Duration of Intrathecal Fentanyl Labor Analgesia. Mu-Opioid Receptor Genetic Polymorphism and the Efficacy of Postoperative Intrathecal Morphine Analgesia[NCT00418015]		293 participants (Actual)	Observational	2005-10-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Time in minutes from initiation of labor analgesia until delivery of the infant (NCT00443560)
Timeframe: Time form initiation of labor analgesia to delivery (up to 24 hours)

Number of Parturients With a Decrease in the Infusion of Epidural Analgesia During Second Stage of Labor

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Instrumental Vaginal Delivery (IVD)	420
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD)	300

At the request of the obstetric provider, second stage analgesia density was decreased by decreasing the basal infusion rate if there was dissatisfaction with the progress of labor or a perceived inability to push. The basal infusion was never totally discontinued. (NCT00443560)
Timeframe: Second stage of labor up to 3 hours

Number of Participants With Breakthrough Pain in the First Stage of Labor

Intervention	participants (Number)
Instrumental Vaginal Delivery (IVD)	146
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD)	51

Pain not responding to epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor was treated with bolus dose of bupivacaine 1.25 mg/mL or lidocaine 10 mg/mL, 10 to 15 mL. If pain relief was obtained the infusion concentration was increased. If the patient had no pain relief following the bolus injection, the epidural catheter was replaced. (NCT00443560)
Timeframe: Supplemental analgesia in first stage of labor (<24 hours)

Duration of Intrathecal Analgesia Following Cesarean Delivery

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Supplemental bolus	Infusion increase	Concentration increase
Instrumental Vaginal Delivery (IVD)	802	149	32
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery (SVD)	243	87	19

Time until request for supplemental analgesia following intrathecal morphine/fentanyl for cesarean delivery (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: 0 to 72 hours following cesarean delivery

Duration of Intrathecal Fentanyl Analgesia

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A	26
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A>G	40

Time from intrathecal drug administration to request for analgesia either in laboring women of after cesarean delivery (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: Time (0-1440 minutes) to first analgesia request

Subjects With Pruritus at 24 Hours Post Morphine

Intervention	Minutes (Median)
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A	70
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A>G	63

Subjects reporting pruritus in the first 24 hours post cesarean delivery (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: 24 hours post cesarean delivery

Visual Analog Pain Scale (0 to 100) at Analgesia Request Following Intrathecal Intervention

Intervention	participants (Number)
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A	33
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A>G	3

Visual analog pain scale (0 to 100) at 1st request for supplemental analgesia (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: VAS at analgesia request

Severity of Pruritus Following Fentanyl

Intervention	Units on a scale (Median)
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A	33
Labor Analgesia OPRM1 c304A>G	38
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A	26
Cesarean Delivery OPRM1 c304A>G	40

Severity of pruritus during labor analgesia (NCT00418015)
Timeframe: Labor analgesia

Article	Year
Genetic contributions to labor pain and progress. Clinics in perinatology, 2013, Volume: 40, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Female; Fentanyl; Humans;	2013
[Clinical safety with ropivacaine administration]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2002, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amides; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Edema;	2002
[Combined subarachnoid-epidural technique for obstetric analgesia]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2000, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia,	2000

Article	Year
A randomised double-blind comparison of epidural fentanyl versus fentanyl and bupivicaine for pain relief in the second stage of labour. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2004, Volume: 111, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Local; Bupiv	2004
Intrathecal sufentanil (1.5 microg) added to hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) for elective cesarean section provides adequate analgesia without need for pruritus therapy. Journal of anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; A	2006
Hemodynamic stability during labor and delivery with continuous epidural infusion. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 2006, Volume: 106, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Amides; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics,	2006
Maternal hypoxaemia during labour and delivery: the influence of analgesia and effect on neonatal outcome. Anaesthesia, 1995, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics; Anesthetics; Bupivacaine; Cardiotocography; Drug Combinat	1995
Epidural analgesia in labor. The Journal of family practice, 1996, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Human	1996
The effect of epidural opioids on maternal oxygenation during labour and delivery. Anaesthesia, 1996, Volume: 51, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Fentanyl	1996
Effect of intrathecal fentanyl dose on the duration of labor analgesia. AANA journal, 1999, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Middle Age	1999
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jul-07, Volume: 358, Issue:9275 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2001
A randomized trial of intrapartum analgesia in women with severe preeclampsia. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2002, Volume: 99, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioi	2002
A comparison of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil for labor analgesia. Anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; In	2002
Bupivacaine versus bupivacaine plus fentanyl for epidural analgesia: effect on maternal satisfaction. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1991, Mar-09, Volume: 302, Issue:6776 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Consumer Behavior; Deliv	1991
Continuous infusion epidural analgesia for obstetrics: bupivacaine versus bupivacaine-fentanyl mixture. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1991, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Delivery, Ob	1991

Article	Year
Use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological labour pain management techniques and their relationship to maternal and infant birth outcomes: examination of a nationally representative sample of 1835 pregnant women. Midwifery, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Acupuncture Analgesia; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics; Australia; Fe	2015
Chronobiology of parturients receiving neuraxial labour analgesia with ropivacaine and fentanyl: a prospective cohort study. International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2009, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amides; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthe	2009
[Obstetric epidural analgesia: relationship between obstetric variables and the course of labor]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2004, Volume: 51, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Cohor	2004
Is continuous spinal analgesia via an epidural catheter appropriate after accidental subarachnoid administration of 15 mL of bupivacaine 0.1% containing fentanyl 2 micrograms/mL? International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2004, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	2004
The impact of intrapartum analgesia on infant feeding. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2005, Volume: 112, Issue:7 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Antiemetics; Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Relat	2005
Successful vaginal delivery for a parturient with complete aortic coarctation. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Ao	2006
Trigeminal nerve palsy and Horner's syndrome following epidural analgesia for labor: a subdural block? International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bu	2007
[Obstetrical neuroleptanalgesia as a procedure for pain control in the peripartal period of the problem patient]. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie, 1983, Volume: 105, Issue:23 Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Droperidol; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Neuroleptanalgesia; Obstetric Labor C	1983
Maternal respiratory arrest associated with intravenous fentanyl use during labor. A case report. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1994, Volume: 39, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Bradycardia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Distress; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infusions, Intravenou	1994
Blood pressure and fetal heart rate changes with patient-controlled combined spinal epidural analgesia while ambulating in labour. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 1997, Volume: 104, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anes	1997
[Effects of fentanyl peridural analgesia in labor on fetal heart rate, uterine contraction and postnatal adaptation]. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie, 1990, Volume: 112, Issue:11 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Apgar Score; Cardiotocography; Female; Fentanyl;	1990
Epidural fentanyl and perineal pain in labour. Anaesthesia, 1989, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Female; Fentanyl; H	1989
Can epidural fentanyl control autonomic hyperreflexia in a quadriplegic parturient? Anesthesia and analgesia, 1989, Volume: 68, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Autonomic Nervous System; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Injections, Epid	1989
Alfentanil for caesarean section complicated by severe aortic stenosis. A case report. British journal of anaesthesia, 1987, Volume: 59, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Cesarea	1987
Epidural analgesia with low-dose bupivacaine and fentanyl for labor and delivery in a parturient with severe pulmonary hypertension. Anesthesiology, 1988, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Bupivacaine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hyperte	1988
[Peridural anesthesia with procaine and fentanyl in a parturient with acute intermittent porphyria]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1986, Volume: 5, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Obste	1986

fentanyl and Complications, Labor