fentanyl and Complication, Intraoperative studies

Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The study evaluated the clinical intraoperative effects of intrathecal administration of fentanyl on shoulder tip pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP) under spinal anaesthesia."	9.17	Clinical effects of intrathecal fentanyl on shoulder tip pain in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia: a double-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial. ( Cho, CK; Kang, PS; Kim, MS; Kim, SH; Kwon, WK; Lee, SE; Park, DH; Sung, TY; Woo, NS, 2013)
"The utilization of phenylephrine to correct hypotension induced by anesthesia has a negative impact on S(c)O(2) while ephedrine maintains frontal lobe oxygenation potentially related to an increase in CO."	9.14	Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension. ( Brassard, P; Jørgensen, TB; Nissen, P; Secher, NH, 2010)
"The effect of intrathecal fentanyl on the characteristics of spinal anesthesia has not been investigated in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair."	9.14	Effects of intrathecal fentanyl on quality of spinal anesthesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. ( Apiliogullari, S; Duman, A; Duman, I, 2010)
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of atropine sulfate for prevention of bradyarrhythmia during laparoscopic surgery."	9.14	Prevention of bradycardia by atropine sulfate during urological laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. ( Aghamohammadi, H; Mehrabi, S; Mohammad Ali Beigi, F, 2009)
" The frequency and type of intraoperative and postoperative complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia were compared in 140 consecutive children (aged 3 months to 10 years) undergoing cleft lip and palate repair."	9.14	Complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia in pediatric cleft lip and palate surgery: a randomized comparison study. ( Goranović, T; Knezević, P; Milić, M, 2010)
"We performed a randomised, double-blind study to evaluate the effect of the pre-emptive use of minimal dose intravenous fentanyl (25 microg) on the incidence of cough caused by a larger bolus of intravenous fentanyl."	9.14	The effect of pre-emptive use of minimal dose fentanyl on fentanyl-induced coughing. ( Chen, CW; Hsieh, SW; Hung, KC; Lin, VC; Weng, HC, 2010)
"We compared the incidence and severity of cough following a bolus of sufentanil with that following fentanyl in 510 patients, randomly allocated to receive sufentanil 0."	9.12	Comparison of the incidence and severity of cough induced by sufentanil and fentanyl: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study. ( Agarwal, A; Gautam, S; Gupta, D; Nath, SS; Singh, U, 2007)
"To observe the inhibiting effect of intrathecal (IT) fentanyl on nausea and vomiting during cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia."	9.10	[Inhibiting effect of intrathecal fentanyl on intraoperative vomiting during cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia]. ( Gu, MN; Lin, CS; Ouyang, MW, 2002)
"This study compares remifentanil/propofol (remi/prop) with isoflurane/fentanyl (iso/fen) anesthesia to determine which provides the greater hemodynamic stability, lesser myocardial ischemia, and morbidity with better postoperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy."	9.10	Hemodynamic stability, myocardial ischemia, and perioperative outcome after carotid surgery with remifentanil/propofol or isoflurane/fentanyl anesthesia. ( Baker, WH; Jellish, WS; Louie, EK; Sheikh, T; Slogoff, S, 2003)
"The results of the present study confirm our hypothesis that premedication with droperidol affects perioperative hypothermia."	9.09	IM droperidol as premedication attenuates intraoperative hypothermia. ( Matsukawa, T; Saito, Y; Sakura, S; Shido, A; Toyota, K, 2001)
"The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem to prevent myocardial ischemia during surgery on patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing non cardiac surgery under general anesthesia."	9.08	[Diltiazem compared with placebo in the prevention of myocardial ischemia during non-cardiac surgery]. ( Costa, A; García-Guasch, R; Llubià, C; Preciado, MJ; Sust, M; Vidal, F, 1998)
"Twenty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting under fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia were studied."	9.05	Failure of intravenous nitroglycerin to prevent intraoperative myocardial ischemia during fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia. ( Culligan, JD; Mutch, WA; Thomson, IR, 1984)
" alfentanil in 66 unpremedicated patients undergoing suction termination of pregnancy as outpatients."	9.05	Outpatient termination of pregnancy: halothane or alfentanil-supplemented anaesthesia. ( Collins, KM; Doyle, JP; Plantevin, OM; Whitburn, RH, 1985)
"01 mg kg-1, and fentanyl 1 or 2 micrograms kg-1 on the muscle fasciculations associated with suxamethonium were studied in 171 children undergoing otolaryngological surgery."	9.05	Effect of competitive myoneural blockade and fentanyl on muscle fasciculation caused by suxamethonium in children. ( Lindgren, L; Saarnivaara, L, 1983)
"To explore analgesic effects of fentanyl and butorphanol on incisional pain in rats and to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of combination."	7.83	Analgesic effect and pharmacological mechanism of fentanyl and butorphanol in a rat model of incisional pain. ( Chen, Q; Li, P; Liu, GL; Shang, Y; Xu, Y, 2016)
"We report a case of intraoperative fentanyl anaphylactic reaction."	7.78	[Fentanyl induced intraoperative anaphylactic reaction]. ( Makazu, H; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, H, 2012)
"To describe an atypical presentation of intraoperative anaphylaxis due to fentanyl."	7.74	Case report: fentanyl-associated intraoperative anaphylaxis with pulmonary edema. ( Arnaut, K; Cummings, KC, 2007)
"A case of severe bronchospasm under epidural anesthesia with fentanyl was described."	7.69	[A case of severe bronchospasm under epidural anesthesia with fentanyl]. ( Fujii, H; Hirakawa, M; Kosogabe, Y; Morita, K; Otani, S; Tanaka, T; Tokioka, H, 1997)
"Intraoperative hypertension over 160 mmHg systolic and sinus tachycardia over 100 bpm are often observed during total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine."	7.68	[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--9. Control of intraoperative hypertension with diltiazem]. ( Ishihara, H; Kimura, F; Koh, H; Kushikata, T; Matsuki, A; Satoh, T, 1991)
"Effects of Ca ion channel blockers, nicardipine, diltiazem and nifedipine on intraoperative hypertension were evaluated clinically in ninety surgical patients who received various surgical procedures under total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine."	7.68	[Clinical study of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--effects of nicardipine, diltiazem and nifedipine on intraoperative hypertension]. ( Hashimoto, Y; Hirota, K; Ishihara, H; Koh, H; Matsuki, A; Takagi, H, 1993)
"Patients undergoing kidney transplantation often suffer from essential hypertension and coronary artery disease, for which perioperative treatment with nifedipine proved to be effective."	7.68	[Anesthesia for renal transplantation: continuous neuromuscular blockade with atracurium and the management of intraoperative hypertension with nifedipine]. ( Blobner, M; Felber, AR; Gögler, S; Jelen, G; Jelen-Esselborn, S, 1993)
"Alfentanil 35 micrograms kg-1, was used successfully in a patient with severe aortic stenosis, in order to minimize the haemodynamic responses to intubation and surgery during Caesarean section."	7.67	Alfentanil for caesarean section complicated by severe aortic stenosis. A case report. ( Bower, S; Bullock, RE; Hull, CJ; Redfern, N, 1987)
"The hemodynamic effects of isoflurane and halothane when used to control intraoperative hypertension were evaluated in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting."	7.66	Comparison of isoflurane and halothane when used to control intraoperative hypertension in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. ( Arnold, B; Hess, W; Schulte-Sasse, U; Tarnow, J, 1983)
"Intraoperative hypotension is a common and potentially deleterious event in elderly patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for repair of hip fractures."	6.71	Spinal-induced hypotension in elderly patients with hip fracture. A comparison of glucose-free bupivacaine with glucose-free bupivacaine and fentanyl. ( Gillespie, G; Martyr, JW; Stannard, KJ, 2005)
"This study investigated whether remifentanil infusion decreased intraoperative hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance compared with intermittent fentanyl administration in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery."	5.34	Remifentanil and perioperative glycaemic response in cardiac surgery: an open-label randomised trial. ( Badhwar, V; Boisen, M; Esper, S; Hayanga, H; Marquez, J; Monroe, A; Ruppert, K; Sciortino, C; Subramaniam, K, 2020)
"The study evaluated the clinical intraoperative effects of intrathecal administration of fentanyl on shoulder tip pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP) under spinal anaesthesia."	5.17	Clinical effects of intrathecal fentanyl on shoulder tip pain in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia: a double-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial. ( Cho, CK; Kang, PS; Kim, MS; Kim, SH; Kwon, WK; Lee, SE; Park, DH; Sung, TY; Woo, NS, 2013)
" The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of atropine sulfate for prevention of bradyarrhythmia during laparoscopic surgery."	5.14	Prevention of bradycardia by atropine sulfate during urological laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. ( Aghamohammadi, H; Mehrabi, S; Mohammad Ali Beigi, F, 2009)
" The frequency and type of intraoperative and postoperative complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia were compared in 140 consecutive children (aged 3 months to 10 years) undergoing cleft lip and palate repair."	5.14	Complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia in pediatric cleft lip and palate surgery: a randomized comparison study. ( Goranović, T; Knezević, P; Milić, M, 2010)
"We performed a randomised, double-blind study to evaluate the effect of the pre-emptive use of minimal dose intravenous fentanyl (25 microg) on the incidence of cough caused by a larger bolus of intravenous fentanyl."	5.14	The effect of pre-emptive use of minimal dose fentanyl on fentanyl-induced coughing. ( Chen, CW; Hsieh, SW; Hung, KC; Lin, VC; Weng, HC, 2010)
"The utilization of phenylephrine to correct hypotension induced by anesthesia has a negative impact on S(c)O(2) while ephedrine maintains frontal lobe oxygenation potentially related to an increase in CO."	5.14	Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension. ( Brassard, P; Jørgensen, TB; Nissen, P; Secher, NH, 2010)
"The effect of intrathecal fentanyl on the characteristics of spinal anesthesia has not been investigated in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair."	5.14	Effects of intrathecal fentanyl on quality of spinal anesthesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. ( Apiliogullari, S; Duman, A; Duman, I, 2010)
"Acceptable operative conditions with a low incidence of hypotension are provided with an 11 mg dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine."	5.12	[Hyperbaric bupivacaine: a randomized double-blind trial of different doses with or without fentanyl for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia]. ( Abengochea Cotaina, A; Bernat García, J; Gallego García, J, 2007)
"We compared the incidence and severity of cough following a bolus of sufentanil with that following fentanyl in 510 patients, randomly allocated to receive sufentanil 0."	5.12	Comparison of the incidence and severity of cough induced by sufentanil and fentanyl: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study. ( Agarwal, A; Gautam, S; Gupta, D; Nath, SS; Singh, U, 2007)
"To observe the inhibiting effect of intrathecal (IT) fentanyl on nausea and vomiting during cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia."	5.10	[Inhibiting effect of intrathecal fentanyl on intraoperative vomiting during cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia]. ( Gu, MN; Lin, CS; Ouyang, MW, 2002)
"This study compares remifentanil/propofol (remi/prop) with isoflurane/fentanyl (iso/fen) anesthesia to determine which provides the greater hemodynamic stability, lesser myocardial ischemia, and morbidity with better postoperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy."	5.10	Hemodynamic stability, myocardial ischemia, and perioperative outcome after carotid surgery with remifentanil/propofol or isoflurane/fentanyl anesthesia. ( Baker, WH; Jellish, WS; Louie, EK; Sheikh, T; Slogoff, S, 2003)
"The results of the present study confirm our hypothesis that premedication with droperidol affects perioperative hypothermia."	5.09	IM droperidol as premedication attenuates intraoperative hypothermia. ( Matsukawa, T; Saito, Y; Sakura, S; Shido, A; Toyota, K, 2001)
"The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem to prevent myocardial ischemia during surgery on patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing non cardiac surgery under general anesthesia."	5.08	[Diltiazem compared with placebo in the prevention of myocardial ischemia during non-cardiac surgery]. ( Costa, A; García-Guasch, R; Llubià, C; Preciado, MJ; Sust, M; Vidal, F, 1998)
" A high incidence of pain with drug injection was noted among patients receiving propofol (80%)."	5.08	Propofol patient-controlled sedation during hip or knee arthroplasty in elderly patients. ( Ganapathy, S; Gelb, AW; Herrick, IA; Kirkby, J, 1997)
" alfentanil in 66 unpremedicated patients undergoing suction termination of pregnancy as outpatients."	5.05	Outpatient termination of pregnancy: halothane or alfentanil-supplemented anaesthesia. ( Collins, KM; Doyle, JP; Plantevin, OM; Whitburn, RH, 1985)
" fentanyl for outpatient termination of pregnancy."	5.05	Anaesthesia for outpatient termination of pregnancy. A comparison of two anaesthetic techniques. ( Avery, AJ; Garrioch, DB; Hackett, GH; Harris, MN; Plantevin, OM; Pringle, HM, 1982)
" Data from the D and C patients was treated separately from that for TOP and ERPC patients; marked differences were found in incremental requirements for methohexitone, the frequency of apnea, the observed respiratory rates, and the mean arterial pressure."	5.05	A clinical trial of alfentanil as an adjuvant for short anaesthetic procedures. ( Hull, CJ; Jacobson, L, 1983)
"Twenty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting under fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia were studied."	5.05	Failure of intravenous nitroglycerin to prevent intraoperative myocardial ischemia during fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia. ( Culligan, JD; Mutch, WA; Thomson, IR, 1984)
"01 mg kg-1, and fentanyl 1 or 2 micrograms kg-1 on the muscle fasciculations associated with suxamethonium were studied in 171 children undergoing otolaryngological surgery."	5.05	Effect of competitive myoneural blockade and fentanyl on muscle fasciculation caused by suxamethonium in children. ( Lindgren, L; Saarnivaara, L, 1983)
"To explore analgesic effects of fentanyl and butorphanol on incisional pain in rats and to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of combination."	3.83	Analgesic effect and pharmacological mechanism of fentanyl and butorphanol in a rat model of incisional pain. ( Chen, Q; Li, P; Liu, GL; Shang, Y; Xu, Y, 2016)
"We report a case of intraoperative fentanyl anaphylactic reaction."	3.78	[Fentanyl induced intraoperative anaphylactic reaction]. ( Makazu, H; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, H, 2012)
"To describe an atypical presentation of intraoperative anaphylaxis due to fentanyl."	3.74	Case report: fentanyl-associated intraoperative anaphylaxis with pulmonary edema. ( Arnaut, K; Cummings, KC, 2007)
" Hypotension (systemic arterial blood pressure less than 100 mmHg) occurred twice during dexmedetomidine administration, but was normolized by ephedrine administration."	3.74	[Use of high-dose dexmedetomidine infusion for anesthesia and sedation in a patient for microlaryngeal surgery maintained with spontaneous breathing]. ( Dohi, S; Ohata, H; Tanemura, E, 2008)
"The authors treated 9 patients receiving intradiscal electrothermal therapy who were unable to tolerate the latter portion of their heating protocol secondary to axial low back pain despite high doses of opioids, with low dose ketamine."	3.72	Sedation with ketamine during intradiscal electrothermal therapy. ( Cohen, SP; Larkin, T, 2004)
"A case of severe bronchospasm under epidural anesthesia with fentanyl was described."	3.69	[A case of severe bronchospasm under epidural anesthesia with fentanyl]. ( Fujii, H; Hirakawa, M; Kosogabe, Y; Morita, K; Otani, S; Tanaka, T; Tokioka, H, 1997)
"Patients undergoing kidney transplantation often suffer from essential hypertension and coronary artery disease, for which perioperative treatment with nifedipine proved to be effective."	3.68	[Anesthesia for renal transplantation: continuous neuromuscular blockade with atracurium and the management of intraoperative hypertension with nifedipine]. ( Blobner, M; Felber, AR; Gögler, S; Jelen, G; Jelen-Esselborn, S, 1993)
"Intraoperative hypertension over 160 mmHg systolic and sinus tachycardia over 100 bpm are often observed during total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine."	3.68	[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--9. Control of intraoperative hypertension with diltiazem]. ( Ishihara, H; Kimura, F; Koh, H; Kushikata, T; Matsuki, A; Satoh, T, 1991)
"Effects of Ca ion channel blockers, nicardipine, diltiazem and nifedipine on intraoperative hypertension were evaluated clinically in ninety surgical patients who received various surgical procedures under total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine."	3.68	[Clinical study of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--effects of nicardipine, diltiazem and nifedipine on intraoperative hypertension]. ( Hashimoto, Y; Hirota, K; Ishihara, H; Koh, H; Matsuki, A; Takagi, H, 1993)
"We measured and compared the anaesthetic requirements, incidences of chest wall rigidity and intraoperative hypertension, and time for recovery from anaesthesia after high dose fentanyl-oxygen anaesthesia in patients with and without histories of smoking, alcoholic intake and caffeine consumption who were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting operations."	3.67	The effect of population habits on side effects and narcotic requirements during high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. ( de Lange, S; Stanley, TH, 1984)
"Alfentanil 35 micrograms kg-1, was used successfully in a patient with severe aortic stenosis, in order to minimize the haemodynamic responses to intubation and surgery during Caesarean section."	3.67	Alfentanil for caesarean section complicated by severe aortic stenosis. A case report. ( Bower, S; Bullock, RE; Hull, CJ; Redfern, N, 1987)
"The extent of atelectasis was correlated to constitutional factors in 38 patients who underwent computed tomography prior to and during general anaesthesia with halothane."	3.67	Constitutional factors promoting development of atelectasis during anaesthesia. ( Brismar, B; Hedenstierna, G; Lundquist, H; Strandberg, A; Tokics, L, 1987)
"The hemodynamic effects of isoflurane and halothane when used to control intraoperative hypertension were evaluated in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting."	3.66	Comparison of isoflurane and halothane when used to control intraoperative hypertension in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. ( Arnold, B; Hess, W; Schulte-Sasse, U; Tarnow, J, 1983)
" Additionally, after performing the Pearson chi-Square test we found that bronchospasm and laryngospasm were significantly more frequent among patients from group 1 infused with lower dosage of fentanyl in comparison to the infants that were administered with a higher dose of this medication (p = ."	2.94	Higher doses of fentanyl during bronchoscopy in infants significantly reduces perioperative complication rates. ( Belitova, M; Popov, TM; Ts, M, 2020)
"Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) (0-10 cm) at rest and movement by a blinded observer at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively."	2.79	Analgesic efficacy of paravertebral bupivacaine during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an observer blinded, randomized controlled trial. ( Borle, AP; Chhabra, A; Kumar, R; Ramachandran, R; Rewari, V; Seth, A; Sinha, R; Subramaniam, R, 2014)
"Propofol was infused at a dose determined by a modified Dixon's up-and-down method."	2.79	Intrathecal fentanyl decreases the optimal effect site concentration of propofol during spinal anaesthesia. ( Kim, JS; Kim, JY; Kim, MK; Kim, SH; Lee, JS, 2014)
"Intraoperative hypotension is a common and potentially deleterious event in elderly patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for repair of hip fractures."	2.71	Spinal-induced hypotension in elderly patients with hip fracture. A comparison of glucose-free bupivacaine with glucose-free bupivacaine and fentanyl. ( Gillespie, G; Martyr, JW; Stannard, KJ, 2005)
"Intraoperative hypotension is a common and sometimes deleterious event in elderly patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for repair of hip fractures."	2.70	Hypotension in elderly patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for repair of fractured neck of femur. A comparison of two different spinal solutions. ( Clark, MX; Martyr, JW, 2001)
"Induction agent doses, peroperative complications, complaints about pain and emesis during the postoperative period, and time to discharge were studied."	2.68	Anaesthesia for short outpatient procedures. A comparison between thiopentone and propofol in combination with fentanyl or alfentanil. ( Jakobsson, J; Rane, K, 1995)
"Propofol 2 mg/kg was given followed by 6 micrograms/kg."	2.68	[Comparison of sufentanil-propofol-anesthesia with fentanyl-propofol in major abdominal surgery]. ( Crozier, TA; Gröger, P; Hahne, D; Kietzmann, D; Sonntag, H; Weyland, W, 1996)
" We argue for the continued use of trichloroethylene by this technique, because it costs one hundred times less than enflurane and because of the potential morbidity of the postoperative opiate dosage required after enflurane."	2.66	Comparison of trichloroethylene and enflurane as adjuncts to nitrous oxide and relaxant anaesthesia. ( Reynolds, F; Rice, AS, 1987)
" Multiple pairwise comparisons were conducted using Welch t tests for continuous variables to determine whether dosing was different for the older groups vs the younger group; separate analyses were performed within and across ASA-PS class."	1.43	Does intravenous induction dosing among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgical procedures follow current recommendations: a study of contemporary practice. ( Akhtar, S; Burg, MM; Dai, F; Heng, J; Liu, J; Schonberger, RB, 2016)
"Acute airway obstruction can occur due to airway instrumentation."	1.42	[Anaesthetic management in a paediatric patient with a difficult airway due to epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]. ( Blázquez Gómez, E; Garcés Aletá, A; García-Aparicio, L; Manen Berga, F; Monclus Diaz, E; Ontanilla López, A, 2015)
"To evaluate the incidence of myoclonus (involuntary movements during anaesthesia, unrelated to inadequate hypnosis or analgesia, and of sufficient severity to require treatment) in dogs anaesthetized with a TIVA of propofol with or without the use of fentanyl."	1.42	The incidence of spontaneous movements (myoclonus) in dogs undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol. ( Cattai, A; Franci, P; Natale, V; Rabozzi, R, 2015)
"To assess whether snoring is associated with sudden patient movement during local anesthesia with intravenous sedation."	1.38	Snoring is associated with unexpected patient head movement during monitored anesthesia care vitreoretinal surgery. ( Bakri, SJ; Donaldson, MJ; McCannel, CA; Mueller, D; Olson, EJ; Pulido, JS, 2012)
"Pulmonary fibrosis was due to amiodarone administration in the first patient and of unknowon cause in the second."	1.32	[Open cholecystectomy under thoracic epidural anesthesia in diffuse interstitial lung disease]. ( Cortiñas Sáenz, M; Cuesta Tobarra, J; Jiménez Vizuete, JM; Peyró García, R; Rubio González, MV; Vega Pérez, F, 2004)
"Subcutaneous emphysema was observed to the cervical zone after surgery but discharge was not delayed."	1.31	[Subarachnoid anesthesia in the repair of urinary stress incontinence using a Burch-type colposuspension by means of extraperitoneal laparoscopy]. ( de Santos, P; Faulí, A; Gomar, C; Martínez, S; Pérez, J; Plaza, A; Vanrell, J, 2002)
"Diltiazem was continuously infused at a rate of 0."	1.31	[Anesthetic management of MIDCAB in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. ( Iwasaki, H; Nagashima, K; Takahata, O; Takayama, K; Yamamoto, Y, 2000)
"Anesthesia for the resection of the cardiac tumor must be carried out carefully, because sudden death due to arrhythmias as well as cardiac or respiratory failure is the most dangerous complication."	1.29	[Anesthetic management of a neonate with primary cardiac rhabdomyoma]. ( Imamura, M; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Matsumoto, N; Nonaka, A, 1995)
"The surgical procedures included patent ductus arteriosus interruption (n = 28) and vascular ring division (n = 8), and 9 patients had miscellaneous procedures."	1.29	Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of congenital cardiac defects in the pediatric population. ( Burrows, FA; Hansen, DD; Lavoie, J, 1996)
"A case is reported of acute respiratory failure occurring during upper abdominal surgery in a patient not previously known to have chronic respiratory failure."	1.28	[Transient acute respiratory failure and thoracic epidural anesthesia]. ( Joyau, FH; Maries, H, 1989)
"A case is described of profound respiratory depression occurring 100 min after the extradural administration of fentanyl 100 micrograms to a patient undergoing Caesarean section."	1.28	Profound respiratory depression after extradural fentanyl. ( Brockway, MS; McClure, JH; Noble, DW; Sharwood-Smith, GH, 1990)

Research

Studies (183)

Authors

Clinical Trials (16)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Blood Glucose Values (More Than One ) > 180 mg%

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	46 (25.14)	18.7374
1990's	49 (26.78)	18.2507
2000's	58 (31.69)	29.6817
2010's	28 (15.30)	24.3611
2020's	2 (1.09)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Subramaniam, K	1
Sciortino, C	1
Ruppert, K	1
Monroe, A	1
Esper, S	1
Boisen, M	1
Marquez, J	1
Hayanga, H	1
Badhwar, V	1
Ts, M	1
Belitova, M	1
Popov, TM	1
Moharram, EE	1
El Attar, AM	1
Kamel, MA	1
Ardhanari, A	1
Sung, TY	1
Kim, MS	1
Cho, CK	1
Park, DH	1
Kang, PS	1
Lee, SE	1
Kwon, WK	1
Woo, NS	1
Kim, SH	2
Sethi, S	1
Ghai, B	1
Sen, I	1
Ram, J	1
Wig, J	1
Iizuka, T	1
Kamata, M	1
Yanagawa, M	1
Nishimura, R	1
Lee, JS	2
Kim, JS	1
Kim, MK	1
Kim, JY	1
Borle, AP	1
Chhabra, A	1
Subramaniam, R	1
Rewari, V	1
Sinha, R	1
Ramachandran, R	1
Kumar, R	1
Seth, A	1
Cattai, A	1
Rabozzi, R	1
Natale, V	1
Franci, P	1
Blázquez Gómez, E	1
Garcés Aletá, A	1
Monclus Diaz, E	1
Manen Berga, F	1
García-Aparicio, L	1
Ontanilla López, A	1
Cornelius, B	1
Sakai, T	1
Chen, Q	1
Shang, Y	1
Xu, Y	1
Li, P	2
Liu, GL	1
Akhtar, S	1
Liu, J	1
Heng, J	1
Dai, F	1
Schonberger, RB	1
Burg, MM	1
Tomar, GS	1
Goyal, K	1
Chandran, R	1
Luthra, A	1
Chauhan, V	1
Kumar, N	1
Ruiz Carbonell, JR	1
Soliveres Ripoll, J	1
Solaz Roldán, C	1
Lluch Oltra, A	1
Chang, DJ	1
Kweon, TD	1
Nam, SB	1
Shin, CS	1
Park, CH	1
Han, DW	1
Elakkumanan, LB	1
Punj, J	1
Talwar, P	1
Rajaraman, P	1
Pandey, R	1
Darlong, V	1
Chatzidaki, R	1
Koraki, E	1
Vasiliadis, K	1
Aslanidis, T	1
Vasilakos, D	1
Gentile, A	1
Tran-Van, D	1
Dardare, E	1
Fritsch, N	1
Benois, A	1
Fontaine, B	1
Aghamohammadi, H	1
Mehrabi, S	1
Mohammad Ali Beigi, F	1
Milojevic, I	1
Simic, D	1
Markovic, M	1
Atanaskovic-Markovic, M	1
Milosevic, K	1
Trifunovic, B	1
Singh, D	1
Rath, GP	1
Dash, HH	1
Bithal, PK	1
Liu, D	1
Shao, Y	1
Luan, X	1
Zhang, M	1
Shui, C	1
Wu, Q	1
Milić, M	1
Goranović, T	1
Knezević, P	1
Hung, KC	1
Chen, CW	1
Lin, VC	1
Weng, HC	1
Hsieh, SW	1
Nissen, P	1
Brassard, P	1
Jørgensen, TB	1
Secher, NH	1
Torigoe, K	1
Suzuki, H	1
Nakajima, W	1
Takahashi, M	1
Aoyagi, M	1
Shibuya, K	1
Ishiyama, T	1
Ichikawa, M	1
Oguchi, T	1
Matsukawa, T	2
Pedroviejo, V	1
García Mostaza, A	1
Pérez, J	2
Ayuso, M	1
Calvo, N	1
Telletxea, S	1
Intxaurraga, K	1
Arízaga, A	1
Duman, A	1
Apiliogullari, S	1
Duman, I	1
Belso, N	1
Kui, R	1
Szegesdi, I	1
Kakuja, M	1
Kapitány, K	1
Kemény, L	1
Bata-Csörgo, Z	1
Pestieau, SR	1
Quezado, ZM	1
Johnson, YJ	1
Anderson, JL	1
Cheng, YI	1
McCarter, RJ	1
Pena, MT	1
Finkel, JC	1
McCannel, CA	1
Olson, EJ	1
Donaldson, MJ	1
Bakri, SJ	1
Pulido, JS	1
Mueller, D	1
Makazu, H	1
Takahashi, H	1
Suzuki, T	1
Moustafa, MA	1
Haldar, R	1
Gyanesh, P	1
Bettaswamy, G	1
Ross, SB	1
Mangar, D	1
Karlnoski, R	1
Camporesi, E	1
Downes, K	1
Luberice, K	1
Haines, K	1
Rosemurgy, AS	1
Bustillo, MA	1
Lazar, RM	1
Finck, AD	1
Fitzsimmons, B	1
Berman, MF	1
Pile-Spellman, J	1
Heyer, EJ	1
Ouyang, MW	1
Gu, MN	1
Lin, CS	1
Sarang, A	1
Dinsmore, J	1
Ramachandran, K	1
Kapoor, V	1
Obara, M	1
Sawamura, S	1
Satoh, Y	1
Chinzei, M	1
Sekiyama, H	1
Tamai, H	1
Yamamoto, H	1
Hanaoka, K	1
Asmussen, H	1
Jørgensen, L	1
Pastor Tomás, EM	1
Arribas del Amo, D	1
Gómez Gómez, R	1
Córdoba Díaz de Laspra, E	1
Saiz Gormaz, J	1
Jellish, WS	1
Sheikh, T	1
Baker, WH	1
Louie, EK	1
Slogoff, S	1
Garutti, I	1
Cruz, P	1
Olmedilla, L	1
Barrio, JM	1
Cruz, A	1
Fernandez, C	1
Perez-Peña, JM	1
Ezri, T	1
Roth, Y	1
Geva, D	1
Konichezky, S	1
Marshak, G	1
Halperin, D	1
Pérez-Vega, C	1
Calvo, G	1
Narváez, J	1
Vilaseca, J	1
Cortiñas Sáenz, M	1
Jiménez Vizuete, JM	1
Vega Pérez, F	1
Rubio González, MV	1
Peyró García, R	1
Cuesta Tobarra, J	1
Cohen, SP	1
Larkin, T	1
Pang, MP	1
Wilkens, LR	1
On, SJ	1
McMullin, B	1
Shafiq, B	1
Zuckerman, RL	1
Queale, WS	1
Cosgarea, AJ	1
Mathews, DM	1
Rahman, SS	1
Cirullo, PM	1
Malik, RJ	1
Ciftci, F	1
Pocan, S	1
Karadayi, K	1
Gulecek, O	1
Martyr, JW	2
Stannard, KJ	1
Gillespie, G	1
Stephens, LC	1
Katz, SG	1
Herrera, OG	1
Herrera, CR	1
Fernández-García, R	1
Pérez Mencía, T	1
Gutiérrez-Jodra, A	1
Escriu, N	1
López, A	1
Asai, T	1
Techanivate, A	1
Rodanant, O	1
Tachawattanawisal, W	1
Somsiri, T	1
Miller, P	1
Mack, CD	1
Sammer, M	1
Rozet, I	1
Lee, LA	1
Muangman, S	1
Wang, M	1
Hollingworth, W	1
Lam, AM	1
Vavilala, MS	1
Sato, Y	1
Onozawa, H	1
Seo, N	1
Guedj, MP	1
Gómez Ayechu, M	1
Castañeda Pascual, M	1
Zaballos Barcala, N	1
Unzué Rico, P	1
Bernat García, J	1
Gallego García, J	1
Abengochea Cotaina, A	1
Cummings, KC	1
Arnaut, K	1
Rodríguez, R	1
Martínez, E	1
Santana, M	1
Rodríguez Huertas, E	1
Cinnella, G	1
Meola, S	1
Portincasa, A	1
Parisi, D	1
Morgese, F	1
Pavone, G	1
Dambrosio, M	1
Malhotra, S	1
Yentis, SM	1
Agarwal, A	1
Gautam, S	1
Nath, SS	1
Gupta, D	1
Singh, U	1
Messahel, FM	1
Gregorio, MJ	1
Atim, A	1
Ergin, A	1
Kurt, E	1
Ozdemiroglu, Y	1
Guzeldemir, E	1
Guasch, E	1
Almogueraa, J	1
Gilsanz, F	1
Ohata, H	1
Tanemura, E	1
Dohi, S	1
Blussé Van Oud-Alblas, HJ	1
Bösenberg, AT	1
Tibboel, D	1
Cooper, GM	2
Scoggins, AM	1
Ward, ID	1
Murphy, D	1
Horimoto, Y	1
Kaya, K	1
Hull, CJ	2
Jacobson, L	1
O'Connor, M	1
Mark, J	1
Harvey, J	1
Coriat, P	2
Daloz, M	1
Bousseau, D	1
Fusciardi, J	1
Echter, E	1
Viars, P	2
Thomson, IR	1
Mutch, WA	1
Culligan, JD	1
Uchida, M	1
Mima, M	1
Imanishi, T	1
Nitsu, T	1
Saito, K	1
Sawaragi, S	1
Bedrick, AD	1
Banner, W	1
Balcom, RJ	1
Bifano, EM	1
Hakanson, DO	1
Meites, G	1
Portecazaux, A	1
Pessey, JJ	1
Hess, W	1
Arnold, B	1
Schulte-Sasse, U	1
Tarnow, J	1
Pace, NL	1
Matthews, MM	1
Stanley, TH	2
de Lange, S	1
Jones, D	1
Laurence, AS	1
Thornton, JA	1
Scamman, FL	1
Woodward, G	1
Mark, JB	1
Greenberg, LM	1
Lindgren, L	1
Saarnivaara, L	1
Mainzer, J	1
Hackett, GH	1
Harris, MN	1
Plantevin, OM	2
Pringle, HM	1
Garrioch, DB	1
Avery, AJ	1
Johnson, ES	1
Colley, PS	1
Heneghan, C	1
McAuliffe, R	1
Thomas, D	1
Radford, P	1
Curatolo, M	1
Orlando, A	1
Zbinden, AM	1
Scaramozzino, P	1
Venuti, FS	1
Reuben, SS	1
Steinberg, RB	1
Kreitzer, JM	1
Duprat, KM	1
Suriani, RJ	1
Tzou, N	1
Jakobsson, J	1
Rane, K	1
Gannedahl, P	1
Edner, M	1
Lindahl, SG	1
Ljungqvist, O	1
Kudo, T	1
Kudo, M	1
Hashimoto, H	1
Koh, H	3
Ishihara, H	3
Matsuki, A	3
Koganei, H	1
Nakaoji, T	1
Owaki, A	1
Suzuki, G	1
Guay, J	1
Haig, M	1
Lortie, L	1
Guertin, MC	1
Poitras, B	1
Lee, TY	1
Fu, MJ	1
Kuo, TB	1
Lui, PW	1
Chan, SH	1
Blobner, M	1
Felber, AR	1
Jelen, G	1
Gögler, S	1
Jelen-Esselborn, S	1
Capogna, G	1
Celleno, D	1
Costantino, P	1
Muratori, F	1
Sebastiani, M	1
Baldassini, M	1
Hashimoto, Y	1
Takagi, H	1
Hirota, K	1
Gignac, E	1
Manninen, PH	1
Gelb, AW	2
Harke, H	1
Schmidt, K	1
Gretenkort, P	1
Hommerich, P	1
Deutschmann, S	1
Eckes, C	1
Hense, W	1
Kleemann, A	1
Rehorn, W	1
Stöcker, H	1
Matsumoto, N	1
Imamura, M	1
Nonaka, A	1
Kashimoto, S	1
Kumazawa, T	1
Lavoie, J	1
Burrows, FA	1
Hansen, DD	1
Seo, K	1
Takayama, H	1
Araya, Y	1
Miura, K	1
Someya, G	1
Delogu, G	1
Tomasello, C	1
Tellan, G	1
Pennacchiotti, ML	1
Marandola, M	1
Vecchia, P	1
Cepeda, MS	1
Gonzalez, F	1
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Azevedo, VM	1
Unzueta, MC	1
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Hanzawa, K	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
The Effect of Intraoperative Continuous Remifentanil Infusion on Glycemic Response and Variability in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label Clinical Trial[NCT02349152]	Phase 4	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD): A New Modality to Assess Postoperative Agitation After a Single Bolus of Dexmedetomidine Versus Nalbuphine in Children With Cleft Palate Repair[NCT04928391]	Phase 3	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-20	Recruiting
The Effect of Phenylephrine Versus Ephedrine on Cerebral Perfusion During Carotid Endarterectomy[NCT01451294]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Influence of Vasopressors on Brain Oxygenation and Microcirculation in Anesthetized Patients With Cerebral Tumors[NCT02713087]	Phase 4	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Fentanyl Versus Midazolam as an Adjunct to Intrathecal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgery[NCT03592537]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-15	Completed
Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol-Remifentanil Conscious Sedation for Awake Craniotomy for Tumor Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT01545297]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-11-30	Completed
Comparison of Controlled Sedoanalgesia and General Anesthesia in Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery[NCT05397301]		44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-07	Completed
Effect of Dexmedetomidine of Gastrointestinal Motility[NCT04798482]	Phase 4	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-09-14	Completed
Magnesium Sulphate Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Propofol for Monitored Anesthesia Care During Burr-hole Surgery for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT03854812]	Phase 2	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Completed
EEG-based Depth of Anesthesia-monitoring During General Anesthesia - Effects on Time to Wake-up and Post-operative Cognition[NCT04529304]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-08	Recruiting
Evaluation of Treatment Effect of Cervical Collar in Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea[NCT03754270]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-06-16	Completed
The Association of CPAP Compliance and Nocturnal Hypoxemia in the Perioperative Period[NCT02796846]		158 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-06-30	Completed
Evaluation of Screening Tools for OSA in Hospitalized Medical Patients: A Validation Study[NCT01340781]		110 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-02-29	Completed
The Effect of Acute Intravenous Morphine Administration on Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) in Patients With Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA): A Paired Design Trial[NCT03127800]	Phase 3	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-20	Terminated (stopped due to Difficulties with recruitment)
Feasibility of Upright Bed Position in ARDS Patients[NCT02160561]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Sevoflurane as an Anesthetic During Dilation and Evacuation Procedures: Does it Increase Blood Loss and Interventions for Blood Loss and Why Do Anesthesiologists Choose to Use It?[NCT01048658]	Phase 4	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"Percentage of patients with two or more intraoperative blood glucose levels greater than 180 mg/dl. Percentage in both groups will be estimated, then the difference in this statistic will form the primary outcome measure of this study.~(Primary Outcome changed on 06/15/2015-Change Approved by University of Pittsburgh IRB on 06/22/2015- First patient enrolled January 2016)" (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Intraoperative period

Emergence From Anesthesia

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Remifentanil Group	17
Fentanyl Group	33

Time to extubation after completion of surgery in the operating room and intensive care unit (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Immediate postoperative period until 30 days post-operatively

Glycemic Variability

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Remifentanil Group	3
Fentanyl Group	2.5

Coefficient of variation in blood glucose levels. Denotes how large the fluctuations in blood glucose are. Higher numbers indicate increased variation. (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: From the start of induction till 24 hours postoperatively

Insulin Requirement

Intervention	Percent of Mean Glucose Level (Mean)
Remifentanil Group	0.2
Fentanyl Group	0.2

Average dose of insulin (Units/ml) calculated for each group in the intraoperative period (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Intraoperative period; Induction to end of surgery

Number of Blood Glucose Values > 180 mg%

Intervention	Units/ml (Median)
Remifentanil Group	2.9
Fentanyl Group	8.1

Blood glucose values that exceed 180 mg% will be counted (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Intraoperative period, Induction to end of surgery

Total Postoperative Regular Insulin

Intervention	number of glucose values >180mg% (Median)
Remifentanil Group	1.2
Fentanyl Group	2

Total units of regular insulin required post-operatively (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: From ICU Admission (After Surgery) Until 24 hours postoperatively

Development of Chronic Pain

Intervention	International Units (Median)
Remifentanil Group	28.1
Fentanyl Group	23.5

Telephonic call Numeric pain scale; Scale is 0-10, with 10 being the highest pain. (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge from the hospital

Inflammatory Mediator Levels, Interleukin-1b, Interleukin 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) (pg/ml)

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
	S-LANSS 1 mo	S-LANSS 3 mo	S-LANSS 6 mo	S-LANSS 12 mo
Fentanyl Group	3	0	0	0
Remifentanil Group	1	0	0	0

Inflammatory mediator levels, Interleukin-1b (IL-1b), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFa) (all measured in pg/ml) taken at: Prebypass, cardiopulmonary bypass (2 samples:30 min start of bypass (CPB-30) and end of bypass (CPB-END), postbypass, ICU 8 hours postoperative period (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Perioperative period (Intraoperatively and 8 hours postoperatively)

Mean, Peak and Trough Intraoperative Blood Glucose (mg/dl)

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
	IL-1b Pre-bypass	IL-1b CPB-30	IL-1b CPB-END	IL-1b post-bypass	IL-1b 8-HR	IL-6 Pre-bypass	IL-6 CPB-30	IL-6 CPB-END	IL-6 post-bypass	IL-6 8HR	TNFa-Pre-bypass	TNFa CPB-30	TNFa CPB-END	TNFa post-bypass	TNFa 8HR
Fentanyl Group	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.2	2.6	10.3	78.3	90.9	92.3	10.4	12.6	14.8	17.2	11.2
Remifentanil Group	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	2.8	7.4	77.2	136	93.6	11.7	14.4	18.2	24.0	15.4

Blood glucose measured every hour (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Intraoperative period; Induction to end of surgery

Postoperative Blood Glucose

Intervention	Mg/dL (Median)
	Mean Introperative Blood Glucose	Peak Intraoperative Blood Glucose	Lowest Intraoperative Blood Glucose
Fentanyl Group	156	205	120
Remifentanil Group	141	178	117

Mean and peak blood glucose levels postoperatively (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: From ICU Admission (After Surgery) Until 24 hours postoperatively

Postoperative Pain

Intervention	mg/dl (Median)
	Mean Postoperative Blood Glucose	Peak Postoperative Blood Glucose
Fentanyl Group	139	175
Remifentanil Group	139	185

Pain scores; Every day 6 hour for 48 hours postoperative period (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Every day 6 hour for 48 hours postoperative period

Society of Thoracic Surgery Patient Outcomes

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Hours 0-6	Hrs 7-12	Hrs 13-18	Hrs 19-24	Hrs 25-30	Hrs 31-36	Hrs 37-42	Hrs 43-48
Fentanyl Group	7.18	6.09	5.18	5.73	5.65	5.94	5.18	5.10
Remifentanil Group	6.63	6.53	6.59	5.88	5.94	5.89	5.57	5.08

Postoperative outcomes collected from the Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) database. 30 day Mortality (outcome 1) and 30 day Readmission (outcome 2) cerebral vascular accident(outcome 3), prolonged mechanical ventilation (outcome 4), renal failure (outcome 5), atrial fibrillation (outcome 6), cardiac arrest (outcome 7) (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: 30 day outcomes

Stress Hormone Levels-ACTH, GH, Glucagon (pg/ml)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	30 day Mortality	30 day Readmission	Cerebral Vascular Accident	Prolonged mechanical ventilation	renal failure	atrial fibrillation	cardiac arrest
Fentanyl Group	6	10	2	8	3	18	3
Remifentanil Group	1	3	0	8	3	24	3

Adreno-corticotrophic hormone (ACTH), Growth Hormone (GH) and Glucagon (measured as pg/ml) taken at: Prebypass, cardiopulmonary bypass (2 samples: 30 mins after start of bypass (CPB 30) and end of bypass (CPB END), post-bypass and ICU 8 hours postoperative period (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Perioperative period (Intraoperatively and 8 hours postoperatively)

Stress Hormone Levels-Cortisol (µg/dl)

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
	ACTH pre-bypass	ACTH CPB-30	ACTH CPB-END	ACTH post-bypass	ACTH 8-hr	GH-Pre-bypass	GH-CPB-30	GH-CPB-END	GH-post-bypass	GH-8HR	Glucagon pre-bypass	Glucagon CPB-30	Glucagon CPB-End	Glucagon post-bypass	Glucagon 8-HR
Fentanyl Group	7.4	57.8	30.7	49.1	41.3	872	3202	2545	4461	2696	192	338	481	408	459
Remifentanil Group	7.4	4.4	4.4	8.0	77.0	495	826	947	37364	3658	229	259	401	315	570

Serum cortisol levels (measured as µg/dl) taken at: Prebypass, cardiopulmonary bypass (2 samples: at start of bypass and end of bypass), postbypass, ICU 8 hours postoperative period (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: Perioperative period (Intraoperatively and 8 hours postoperatively)

Wound Hyperalgesia

Intervention	µg/dl (Median)
	Serum Cortisol Prebypass	Serum Cortisol 30 Minute After Start of CPB	Serum Cortisol End of CPB	Serum Cortisol End of Surgery	Serum Cortisol Postoperative (8 Hours)
Fentanyl Group	12	24.5	29.0	28.0	45.0
Remifentanil Group	12	6.0	5.0	8.5	36.0

Von frey hair objective testing (NCT02349152)
Timeframe: 96 hours postoperatively

Number of Participants Experiencing Side Effects (Nausea, Dizziness)

Number of Participants Needing Intervention to Treat Blood Loss (a Composite of Use of Uterotonics, Re-aspiration, and Bimanual Massage)

Intervention	g/mm^2 (Mean)
	Preop pain threshold	48 Hr pain threshold	96 hr pain threshold
Fentanyl Group	3.30	3.83	3.72
Remifentanil Group	3.24	3.71	3.60

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sevoflurane	13
No Sevoflurane	11

Provider report for need to intervene due to blood loss (yes/no) (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: At time of uterine evacuation and immediately post-operatively, an average of 7.1 minutes

Number of Participants With Estimated Blood Loss Greater Than 300 mL (Yes/no)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sevoflurane	20
No Sevoflurane	13

Procedural blood loss greater than 300 mL. Blood loss was measured in a standardized fashion (amniotic fluid was discarded, blood was separated from tissue, and all gauze surgical drapes weighed). (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: At time of uterine evacuation, an average of 7.1 minutes

Procedure Time: T-test (Time of Speculum Placement to Time Speculum Removed)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sevoflurane	12
No Sevoflurane	6

Length of procedure from time of speculum placement to time of speculum removal, in minutes. (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: Time of speculum place to time of speculum removal, an average of 7.1 minutes

Patient and Provider Satisfaction With Anesthesia

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Sevoflurane	7.0
No Sevoflurane	7.3

Scores reported on 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS anchors: 0= not satisfied at all, 10= completely satisfied) . Reported as mean +/- standard deviation. Subjects and providers were blinded to anesthesia method. Subjects and providers completed post-operative questionnaire within 30 minutes of procedure completion. (NCT01048658)
Timeframe: Post-procedure, within 30 minutes

Article	Year
[Management of transdermal therapeutics in perioperative care]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2009, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Analgesics; Anesthetics; Cardiovascular System; Contraindications; Diffus	2009
[Anesthetic management during aortocoronary bypass surgery]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1985, Volume: 34, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vasospasm; Extracor	1985
[Anesthetic management during aortocoronary bypass surgery]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1985, Volume: 34, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vasospasm; Diltiazem; Ele	1985

Article	Year
Remifentanil and perioperative glycaemic response in cardiac surgery: an open-label randomised trial. British journal of anaesthesia, 2020, Volume: 124, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Glucose; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Fema	2020
Higher doses of fentanyl during bronchoscopy in infants significantly reduces perioperative complication rates. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2020, Volume: 138 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bronchoscopy; Fentanyl; Foreign Bodies; Hemodynamics; Humans;	2020
The impact of anesthesia on hemodynamic and volume changes in operative hysteroscopy: a bioimpedance randomized study. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 38 Topics: Absorption, Physiological; Adult; Androstanols; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics	2017
Clinical effects of intrathecal fentanyl on shoulder tip pain in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia: a double-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial. The Journal of international medical research, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2013
Efficacy of subtenon block in infants - a comparison with intravenous fentanyl for perioperative analgesia in infantile cataract surgery. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:11 Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Gas Analysis; Cataract Extraction; Double-Blind Method; Female;	2013
Intrathecal fentanyl decreases the optimal effect site concentration of propofol during spinal anaesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2014, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Aged; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bupiv	2014
Analgesic efficacy of paravertebral bupivacaine during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an observer blinded, randomized controlled trial. Journal of endourology, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia, General; Bupivacaine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Intr	2014
Effects of fentanyl pretreatment on the QTc interval during propofol induction. Anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 63, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Double-Blind Method; Elect	2008
Prevention of bradycardia by atropine sulfate during urological laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Urology journal, 2009,Spring, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Atropine; Bradycardia; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-B	2009
Sevoflurane provides better recovery as compared with isoflurane in children undergoing spinal surgery. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2009, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenou	2009
Complications of sevoflurane-fentanyl versus midazolam-fentanyl anesthesia in pediatric cleft lip and palate surgery: a randomized comparison study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2010, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous	2010
The effect of pre-emptive use of minimal dose fentanyl on fentanyl-induced coughing. Anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 65, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Cough; Dose-Response Relationship	2010
Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension. Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Frontal Lobe; Hemodynamics; Humans; H	2010
Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension. Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Frontal Lobe; Hemodynamics; Humans; H	2010
Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension. Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Frontal Lobe; Hemodynamics; Humans; H	2010
Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension. Neurocritical care, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Frontal Lobe; Hemodynamics; Humans; H	2010
Effects of intrathecal fentanyl on quality of spinal anesthesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bupiva	2010
The effect of dexmedetomidine during myringotomy and pressure-equalizing tube placement in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2011, Volume: 21, Issue:11 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Intranasal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Child; Chil	2011
Laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) cholecystectomy with epidural vs. general anesthesia. Surgical endoscopy, 2013, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Biliary Tract Diseases; Ch	2013
[Inhibiting effect of intrathecal fentanyl on intraoperative vomiting during cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia]. Di 1 jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the first medical college of PLA, 2002, Volume: 22, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Cesarean Section; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Inciden	2002
[The effect of intrathecal fentanyl added to hyperbaric bupivacaine for caesarean section]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Anesthesia, Endotracheal; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal;	2003
[Remifentanil and eye surgery. A randomized, clinical comparison of propofol/remifentanil anesthesia and propofol/fentanyl/alfentanil anesthesia]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2003, Apr-21, Volume: 165, Issue:17 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alfentanil; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cost-Bene	2003
Hemodynamic stability, myocardial ischemia, and perioperative outcome after carotid surgery with remifentanil/propofol or isoflurane/fentanyl anesthesia. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Carotid Artery Disea	2003
Effects of thoracic epidural meperidine on arterial oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in thoracic surgery. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Arteri	2003
Oral sedation for cataract surgery. Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2004, Volume: 30, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anesthetics, Combined; Conscious Sedation; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotics and Sed	2004
Local versus general anesthesia for external dacryocystorhinostomy in young patients. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2005, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anes	2005
Spinal-induced hypotension in elderly patients with hip fracture. A comparison of glucose-free bupivacaine with glucose-free bupivacaine and fentanyl. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2005, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine; Drug I	2005
[Intradural ropivacaine for cesarean section: choosing the appropriate dose]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Amides; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Apgar Score; Brady	2005
Intrathecal fentanyl for prevention of shivering in cesarean section. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2005, Volume: 88, Issue:9 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Combined; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Secti	2005
[Hyperbaric bupivacaine: a randomized double-blind trial of different doses with or without fentanyl for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2007, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Dose-Response Relation	2007
[Stress response under continuous infusion of remifentanil compared to bolus doses of fentanyl assessed by levels of cytokines, C-reactive protein, and cortisol during and after abdominal hysterectomy]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2007, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein;	2007
Sedation analgesia during office-based plastic surgery procedures: comparison of two opioid regimens. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2007, Volume: 119, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Opioid; Conscious Sedati	2007
Extending low-dose epidural analgesia in labour for emergency Caesarean section - a comparison of levobupivacaine with or without fentanyl. Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivaca	2007
Comparison of the incidence and severity of cough induced by sufentanil and fentanyl: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study. Anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cough; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Comp	2007
Comparison of sciatic psoas compartment block and sciatic femoral 3-in-1 block for knee arthroscopy. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2007, Volume: 19, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroscopy; Bupivacaine; Elective Surgical Pro	2007
Laparoscopy--a stressful procedure. Anaesthesia, 1982, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture; Blood Glucose; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Fentanyl; G	1982
A clinical trial of alfentanil as an adjuvant for short anaesthetic procedures. British journal of anaesthesia, 1983, Volume: 55 Suppl 2 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Intraveno	1983
Effect of alfentanil and fentanyl on recovery from brief anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 1983, Volume: 55 Suppl 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Apnea; Female; Fentanyl	1983
Failure of intravenous nitroglycerin to prevent intraoperative myocardial ischemia during fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Fentanyl; Hemodynamics; H	1984
Total intravenous anaesthesia with etomidate-fentanyl. Use in general and gynaecological surgery. Anaesthesia, 1983, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Atropine; Droperidol; Drug	1983
Intraoperative blood loss in midtrimester dilatation and extraction. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1983, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Dilatation; Epinephrine; Female; Fentanyl; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intraoperative Com	1983
Effect of competitive myoneural blockade and fentanyl on muscle fasciculation caused by suxamethonium in children. British journal of anaesthesia, 1983, Volume: 55, Issue:8 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Fasciculation; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male	1983
Anaesthesia for outpatient termination of pregnancy. A comparison of two anaesthetic techniques. British journal of anaesthesia, 1982, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesth	1982
Morbidity after outpatient anaesthesia. A comparison of two techniques of endotracheal anaesthesia for dental surgery. Anaesthesia, 1981, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcuronium; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia,	1981
Intravenous regional anesthesia using lidocaine and ketorolac. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1995, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anti-Infla	1995
Anaesthesia for short outpatient procedures. A comparison between thiopentone and propofol in combination with fentanyl or alfentanil. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Alfentanil; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; An	1995
[Endocrine effects of nicardipine on intraoperative hypertension under droperidol-fentanyl-ketamine (DFK) anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1995, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Catecholamines; Droper	1995
[Pediatric anesthesia and stress response]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1995, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Abdomen; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Blood Glucose; Child; Child, Preschool; Fentanyl	1995
Alkalinization improves the quality of lidocaine-fentanyl epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1993, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Alkalies; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score;	1993
Comparison of fentanyl, sufentanil and alfentanil during awake craniotomy for epilepsy. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1993, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Cerebral Cortex; Consciousness; Craniotomy; Double-Blind	1993
[Qualitative comparison of modified neurolept-, balanced and intravenous anesthesia. 2. Results of a clinical study, 1992]. Der Anaesthesist, 1995, Volume: 44, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Double-Blind Method; Fenta	1995
[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: evaluation of intraoperative complications with respect to 2 different kinds of anesthesia]. Minerva chirurgica, 1995, Volume: 50, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic;	1995
Incidence of nausea and vomiting in outpatients undergoing general anesthesia in relation to selection of intraoperative opioid. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 1996, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alfentanil; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics,	1996
[Comparison of sufentanil-propofol-anesthesia with fentanyl-propofol in major abdominal surgery]. Der Anaesthesist, 1996, Volume: 45, Issue:12 Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Catecholamines; Electrocardiograp	1996
A comparison of three regional anaesthesia techniques for outpatient knee arthroscopy. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1997, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Loca	1997
Propofol patient-controlled sedation during hip or knee arthroplasty in elderly patients. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1997, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Aged; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anxiety; Arthroplasty; Cognition; Conscious Sed	1997
[Diltiazem compared with placebo in the prevention of myocardial ischemia during non-cardiac surgery]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 1998, Volume: 45, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Atracurium; Calcium Ch	1998
[Our negative experience with meperidine for the prevention of coughing during cataract surgery]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 1999, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Antitussive Agents; Cataract Extraction; Cough; Double-Blind Method; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraocular P	1999
[The utility of bispectral index monitoring in general anesthesia]. Minerva anestesiologica, 2000, Volume: 66, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Ele	2000
Epidural infusion of bupivacaine and fentanyl reduces perioperative myocardial ischaemia in elderly patients with hip fracture--a randomized controlled trial. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2000, Volume: 44, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Area Un	2000
The efficacy and resource utilization of remifentanil and fentanyl in fast-track coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective randomized, double-blinded controlled, multi-center trial. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Coronary Artery Bypass; D	2001
IM droperidol as premedication attenuates intraoperative hypothermia. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2001, Volume: 48, Issue:9 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Body Temperature; Droperidol; Female; Fentan	2001
Hypotension in elderly patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for repair of fractured neck of femur. A comparison of two different spinal solutions. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2001, Volume: 29, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacai	2001
Intrathecal versus intravenous fentanyl for supplementation of subarachnoid block during cesarean delivery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2002, Volume: 95, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Pressure; Cesarean	2002
Hemodynamic effect of calcium channel blockade during anesthesia for coronary artery surgery. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 1992, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Coronary Artery Byp	1992
Epidural fentanyl and caesarean section: when should fentanyl be given? Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1992, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Cesarean Section; Double-Blind Me	1992
Attenuation of intra-operative surgical stress response has no influence on post-operative degranulation of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1991, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; B-Lymphocytes; Bupivacaine; Ce	1991
Thoracolumbar epidural anaesthesia and isoflurane to prevent hypertension and tachycardia in patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1991, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Aorta, Abdominal; Blood	1991
The effect of halothane, isoflurane, or sufentanil on the hypertensive response to cerebellar retraction during posterior fossa surgery. Anesthesiology, 1989, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Cerebellum; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Fentanyl; Halothane	1989
Comparison of recovery after halothane or alfentanil anaesthesia for minor surgery. British journal of anaesthesia, 1987, Volume: 59, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alfentanil; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous	1987
[Suppression of blood pressure increases during intubation: lidocaine or fentanyl?]. Der Anaesthesist, 1988, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypertens	1988
Comparison of trichloroethylene and enflurane as adjuncts to nitrous oxide and relaxant anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 1987, Volume: 42, Issue:12 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Alcuronium; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Enflurane; Female; Fentanyl; Human	1987
Prevention of intraoperative myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery with intravenous diltiazem: a randomized trial versus placebo. Anesthesiology, 1987, Volume: 66, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Diltiazem; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Electrocardiography; Fentanyl; Flunitrazepam;	1987
Outpatient termination of pregnancy: halothane or alfentanil-supplemented anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 1985, Volume: 57, Issue:12 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Alfentanil; Ambulatory Surgical Procedu	1985

Article	Year
Intravenous fentanyl as the treatment for intraoperative hiccups: A case report. Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 2018, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; Fentanyl; Hiccup; Humans; I	2018
Incidence of intraoperative hypotension during isoflurane-fentanyl and propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia in dogs. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997), 2013, Volume: 198, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs;	2013
The incidence of spontaneous movements (myoclonus) in dogs undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2015, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Androstanols; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female	2015
[Anaesthetic management in a paediatric patient with a difficult airway due to epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2015, Volume: 62, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Airway Management; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation;	2015
Inadvertent Endobronchial Intubation in a Patient With a Short Neck Length. Anesthesia progress, 2015,Summer, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bronchi; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypercapnia; Int	2015
Analgesic effect and pharmacological mechanism of fentanyl and butorphanol in a rat model of incisional pain. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 28 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Butorphanol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combinatio	2016
Does intravenous induction dosing among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgical procedures follow current recommendations: a study of contemporary practice. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016, Volume: 33 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Algorithms; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous	2016
Aneurysmal hemorrhage in a pregnant patient with coarctation of aorta: An anesthetic challenge. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 37 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Aortic Coarctation; Craniotomy; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Intracranial A	2017
[Anesthetic management in a patient with bullous emphysema]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2008, Volume: 55, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Atracurium; Contraindications; Female; Fen	2008
An atypical presentation of fentanyl rigidity following administration of low dose fentanyl in a child during intraoperative period. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child, Preschool; Cryptorchidism; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complica	2008
Appendectomy for an adult with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Minerva anestesiologica, 2009, Volume: 75, Issue:4 Topics: Androstanols; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Contraindic	2009
Anaphylactic reaction during general anaesthesia associated with positive skin test to fentanyl. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2009, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Anaphylaxis; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Fentanyl; Humans; Intradermal Tes	2009
Comparison of ketamine-pentobarbital anesthesia and fentanyl-pentobarbital anesthesia for open-heart surgery in minipigs. Lab animal, 2009, Volume: 38, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiopulmonary B	2009
[Anesthetic management using esmolol for arthroscopic synovectomy in a patient with thyroid storm]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Antithyroid Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Art	2010
[Mobitz type II block during one-lung ventilation]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Atrioventricular Block; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoper	2010
[Anesthesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS-syndrome)]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2010, Volume: 57, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Androstanols; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Cholelithiasis; Contrai	2010
[Systemic mastocytosis and perioperative management: a report of 2 cases]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2010, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Androstanols; Anesthesia, General; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, No	2010
Propofol and fentanyl induced perioperative anaphylaxis. British journal of anaesthesia, 2011, Volume: 106, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anaphylaxis; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male;	2011
Snoring is associated with unexpected patient head movement during monitored anesthesia care vitreoretinal surgery. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Conscious Sedation; Fentanyl; Head Movements; Humans; I	2012
[Fentanyl induced intraoperative anaphylactic reaction]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 61, Issue:10 Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anaphylaxis; Child; Craniocerebral Trauma; Fentanyl; Humans;	2012
Nebulized lidocaine alone or combined with fentanyl as a premedication to general anesthesia in spontaneously breathing pediatric patients undergoing rigid bronchoscopy. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anest	2013
Isolated bradycardia due to skull pin fixation: an unusual occurrence. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bone Nails; Bradycardia; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms; Craniot	2013
Dexmedetomidine may impair cognitive testing during endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective case report series. Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Cerebral Angiography; Cognition; Dexmedetomidine; Embolization, Therap	2002
Anaesthesia for awake craniotomy--evolution of a technique that facilitates awake neurological testing. British journal of anaesthesia, 2003, Volume: 90, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Conscious Sedation;	2003
Treating ECG changes during Caesarean section: is it worth the headache? Anaesthesia, 2003, Volume: 58, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cesarean Section; Electrocardiography; Female; Fentanyl; Headache; Humans	2003
[Anesthesia in a patient with acute strangulation of a massive diaphragmatic hernia]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2003, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Combined	2003
Anesthetic management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma resection. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Angiofibroma; Blood Coagulation; Blood Pressure; Blood Vol	2003
[Coronary spasm during anesthesia induction]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2003, Volume: 50, Issue:8 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Atropine; Breast Neoplasms; Coronary Vasospasm; Elective	2003
[Open cholecystectomy under thoracic epidural anesthesia in diffuse interstitial lung disease]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2004, Volume: 51, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Amides; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Cardiotonic Agents; Cholecystectomy; Cholel	2004
Sedation with ketamine during intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Spine, 2004, Jul-15, Volume: 29, Issue:14 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Back Pain; Conscious Sedation; Dose-Response Re	2004
Hypertensive crisis secondary to pheochromocytoma during routine knee surgery. The journal of knee surgery, 2004, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Arthroscopy; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypertensio	2004
Increases in bispectral index lead to interventions that prevent possible intraoperative awareness. British journal of anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 95, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Awareness; Cervical Vertebrae; Desflurane; Electroencephalo	2005
Phentermine and anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2005, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Alfentanil; Androstanols; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Appetite Depressants; Blood Pressure	2005
[Combined spinal-epidural block for knee arthroplasty in a patient with a transplanted heart]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2006, Volume: 53, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, General; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroplas	2006
Unexpected subglottic stenosis in an infant. Anaesthesia, 2006, Volume: 61, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Angioplasty, Balloon; Fentanyl; Humans; Infant; Intraoperative Complicatio	2006
The incidence and risk factors for hypotension during emergent decompressive craniotomy in children with traumatic brain injury. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2006, Volume: 103, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; Anesthesia, General; Brain Injuries; Child, Preschool; Craniotomy; Female; Fentanyl; Hu	2006
[Case of an elderly patient with marked hypertension following intravenous fentanyl administration during the induction of anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2006, Volume: 55, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenou	2006
Sudden deflation of a tourniquet caused by lowering of the operating table. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 2007, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Loss, Surgical; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure; Fentanyl; Hand; Humans; Intraoperative Co	2007
[Anesthetic implications of Swyer-James syndrome]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2006, Volume: 53, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Asthma; Atracurium; Atropine; Bronchiectasis; Drainage; Fentany	2006
Case report: fentanyl-associated intraoperative anaphylaxis with pulmonary edema. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2007, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anaphylaxis; Anesthesia, General; Bronchodilator Agents; Epinephrine; Fem	2007
Intraoperative awareness--a three year prospective study using bispectral index monitor (BIS). Middle East journal of anaesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intrav	2007
[Convulsions after a test dose of ropivacaine and negative aspiration test for combined spinal-epidural analgesia for cesarean section]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2008, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amides; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Cesar	2008
[Use of high-dose dexmedetomidine infusion for anesthesia and sedation in a patient for microlaryngeal surgery maintained with spontaneous breathing]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2008, Volume: 57, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Local; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Ephedrine; Fe	2008
Awareness in children: another two cases. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:7 Topics: Androstanols; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Awareness; Bra	2008
[Hypertension during high dose fentanyl anesthesia for aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Disease; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertens	1984
Prevention of intraoperative myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery with intravenous nitroglycerin. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Angina Pectoris; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Fentanyl; Heart Rat	1984
[Cerebral herniation during anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Encephalocele; Female; Fentanyl; Glioma; Humans;	1984
Alert: perioperative neonatal methemoglobinemia. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1984, Volume: 138, Issue:9 Topics: Acidosis; Anesthesia; Benzocaine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intraoperative Complica	1984
[Importance of flunitrazepam for the reduction of bleeding in rhinoplasty]. Cahiers d'anesthesiologie, 1984, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Suppl Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Fentanyl; Flunitrazepam; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intraoperative Complications	1984
Comparison of isoflurane and halothane when used to control intraoperative hypertension in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1983, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Coronary Artery Bypass; Fentanyl; Flunitrazepam; Halothane; Hemodynamics	1983
Anesthetic management of the first permanent, orthotopic, prosthetic cardiac replacement (total artificial heart) in man. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1984, Volume: 63, Issue:7 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Bronchial Spasm; Cardiac Output	1984
The effect of population habits on side effects and narcotic requirements during high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1984, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Caffeine; Fentanyl; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hyperten	1984
Fentanyl-O2-N2O rigidity and pulmonary compliance. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1983, Volume: 62, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Fentanyl; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Intraoperative Complications; L	1983
Intraoperative awareness and hypertensive crisis during high-dose fentanyl-diazepam-oxygen anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1983, Volume: 62, Issue:7 Topics: Alcoholism; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Awareness; Cognition; Diazepam; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypertension;	1983
Awareness during fentanyl anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 56, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Awareness; Cognition; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complications	1982
Effects of nitrous oxide and fentanyl anesthesia on fetal heart-rate variability intra- and postoperatively. Anesthesiology, 1980, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Female; Fentanyl; Fetal Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Intraoperative Complications;	1980
A multifactorial analysis to explain inadequate surgical analgesia after extradural block. British journal of anaesthesia, 1995, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics,	1995
Bradycardia during transesophageal echocardiographic probe manipulation. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 1995, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Bradycardia; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complications	1995
Minimal influence of anaesthesia and abdominal surgery on computerized vectorcardiography recordings. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Cholecystectomy; Female; Fent	1995
Predicting blood loss in surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1994, Volume: 41, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Loss, Surgical; Blood Pressure; Blood Transfusion; Blood Volume; Central Ve	1994
Power spectral analysis of electromyographic and systemic arterial pressure signals during fentanyl-induced muscular rigidity in the rat. British journal of anaesthesia, 1994, Volume: 72, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Electromyography; Fentanyl	1994
[Anesthesia for renal transplantation: continuous neuromuscular blockade with atracurium and the management of intraoperative hypertension with nifedipine]. Anaesthesiologie und Reanimation, 1993, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Atracurium; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypertension; Intraoperative Complications;	1993
[Clinical study of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--effects of nicardipine, diltiazem and nifedipine on intraoperative hypertension]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 42, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diltiazem; Droperidol; Female; Fentanyl; Humans;	1993
[Anesthetic management of a neonate with primary cardiac rhabdomyoma]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1995, Volume: 44, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthesia; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Fentanyl; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intraoperati	1995
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of congenital cardiac defects in the pediatric population. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Loss, Surgical; Child; Child, P	1996
A case of sinus arrest caused by opening the mouth under general anesthesia. Anesthesia progress, 1994, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Afferent Pathways; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenou	1994
Intravenous ketamine or fentanyl prolongs postoperative analgesia after intrathecal neostigmine. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 83, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intraveno	1996
[Anesthesia for thoracoscopy]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 1996, Volume: 43, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Local; Atracurium; Female; Fen	1996
[Epidural anesthesia for herniorrhaphy in a patient with severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) under pimobendan control]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cardiotonic Agents; Dobutamine; Dopamine; Fentanyl; H	1997
Complete heart block during laparotomy under combined thoracic epidural and general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1996, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bronc	1996
[A case of severe bronchospasm under epidural anesthesia with fentanyl]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bronchial Spasm; Female;	1997
Anaesthesiological indications and contraindications of minimally invasive surgery. Acta chirurgica Hungarica, 1997, Volume: 36, Issue:1-4 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenou	1997
Electroencephalographic evidence of seizure activity under deep sevoflurane anesthesia in a nonepileptic patient. Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 87, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Electroencephalography; Ethers; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraopera	1997
Unusual hypotension and bradycardia in a patient receiving fenfluramine, phentermine, and fluoxetine. Anesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 88, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Appetite Depressants; Bradycardia; Drug Interactio	1998
Intraoperative monitoring with somatosensory evoked potentials in carotid artery surgery--less reliable in patients with preoperative neurologic deficiency? Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1998, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; Atracurium;	1998
Persistent intraoperative myoclonus during propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1998, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; M	1998
Nonmalignant hyperthermia on induction of anesthesia in a pediatric patient undergoing bidirectional Glenn procedure. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 1998, Volume: 10, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anastomosis, Surgical; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Body Te	1998
Cold urticaria associated with intraoperative hypotension and facial edema. Anesthesiology, 1999, Volume: 90, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anesthetics, General; Angioedema; Anti-Inflamm	1999
Combined lung and liver transplantation in a girl with cystic fibrosis. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1999, Volume: 46, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Alprostadil; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Car	1999
[A case of cardiac arrest after torsades de pointes due to prolonged QT interval syndrome possibly associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Diuretics; Fatal Outcome; Female;	1999
Massive hemoptysis after the initiation of positive pressure ventilation in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. Anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 92, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Fentanyl; Hemoptysis; Hum	2000
[Anesthetic management of thrombectomy for left ventricular huge mobile thrombus]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Fentanyl; Heart	2000
[Anesthetic management of an extremely low birth weight neonate for two thoracic surgeries of patent ductus arterious and coarctation of the aorta]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:7 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Aortic Coarctation; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypothermi	2000
[Anesthetic management of MIDCAB in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:12 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Calcium Channel Blockers; Coronary Artery Bypass; Diltiazem; Fentanyl; Huma	2000
[Subarachnoid anesthesia in the repair of urinary stress incontinence using a Burch-type colposuspension by means of extraperitoneal laparoscopy]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2002, Volume: 49, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Carbon Dioxide; Chest Pain; Dyspn	2002
The risk of myocardial ischemia in patients receiving desflurane versus sufentanil anesthesia for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The S.P.I. Research Group. Anesthesiology, 1992, Volume: 77, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Coronary Artery Byp	1992
Spastic torticollis during general anesthesia: case report and review of receptor mechanisms. Anesthesiology, 1991, Volume: 75, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Diphenhydramine; Extrapyramidal Tracts; F	1991
[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--9. Control of intraoperative hypertension with diltiazem]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1991, Volume: 40, Issue:9 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Diltiazem; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypertension; Intraoperative Complicat	1991
Comparison of anesthetic techniques in patients undergoing heart valve replacement. Journal of cardiothoracic anesthesia, 1990, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Cardiopulmonary	1990
Profound respiratory depression after extradural fentanyl. British journal of anaesthesia, 1990, Volume: 64, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Section; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; In	1990
Anesthetic complications in an infant with hyperexplexia. Anesthesiology, 1990, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia; Apnea; Fentanyl; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Infant; Intraoperative Complications; Male; M	1990
Midazolam-fentanyl intravenous sedation in children: case report of respiratory arrest. Pediatrics, 1990, Volume: 86, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Fentanyl; Heart Arrest; Humans; Infant; Intraoperative Complications; Male;	1990
Ketanserin in the treatment of systemic hypertension during and following coronary artery bypass surgery. Angiology, 1989, Volume: 40, Issue:11 Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Coronary Artery Bypass; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension;	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1989, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chi-Square Distribution; Fem	1989
[Transient acute respiratory failure and thoracic epidural anesthesia]. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1989, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Anesthesia, Epidural; Bupivacaine; Female; Fentanyl; Horner Syndrome; Humans; Intraop	1989
[Endocrine and metabolic changes induced in surgery by the combination of ketanserin and alfentanyl]. Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression, 1985, Volume: 26, Issue:7 Topics: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female;	1985
Combination of fentanyl, etomidate and vecuronium may cause severe vagotonic state. British journal of anaesthesia, 1987, Volume: 59, Issue:11 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Etomidate; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complications	1987
Vecuronium induced bradycardia following induction of anaesthesia with etomidate or thiopentone, with or without fentanyl. British journal of anaesthesia, 1988, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Drug Interactions; Etomidate; Fem	1988
Tonic-clonic activity after sufentanil. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1987, Volume: 66, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Seizures; Sufentanil	1987
Alfentanil for caesarean section complicated by severe aortic stenosis. A case report. British journal of anaesthesia, 1987, Volume: 59, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Cesarea	1987
Propofol in total intravenous anaesthesia without nitrous oxide. Anaesthesia, 1988, Volume: 43 Suppl Topics: Adult; Alfentanil; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Drug Evaluation	1988
[Nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma in the early period of emergency CABG surgery]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1987, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Angina Pectoris; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Bypass; Diabetic Coma; Em	1987
Constitutional factors promoting development of atelectasis during anaesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1987, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Body Constitution; Body Height; Body Weight; Female; Fentanyl; Hal	1987
Computer-assisted continuous infusions of fentanyl during cardiac anesthesia: comparison with a manual method. Anesthesiology, 1985, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Computers; Coronary Artery Bypass; Evaluation	1985
Controlled ventilation in dental outpatients. Controlled ventilation with atracurium and alfentanil analgesia compared with halothane. Anaesthesia, 1985, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Alfentanil; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, De	1985
Intravenous nitroglycerin dosage to prevent intraoperative myocardial ischemia during fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1985, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Coronary Disease; Fentanyl; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Intraoperative Compl	1985
[A new technic for protection in surgical stress]. Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression, 1985, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alfentanil; Ethanolamines; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Labetalol;	1985
Intraoperative tension pneumopericardium with tamponade after ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in a premature neonate. Anesthesiology, 1986, Volume: 64, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia; Cardiac Tamponade; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Fentanyl; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant,	1986
Anesthetic management of thoracopagus twins undergoing cardiopagus separation. Anesthesiology, 1985, Volume: 62, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Aorta; Dopamine; Female; Fentanyl; Fluid Therapy; Heart Arrest; Heart Defec	1985

fentanyl and Complication, Intraoperative