fentanyl has been researched along with Cardiovascular Diseases in 20 studies
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.
Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "The routine use of fentanyl and midazolam prior to sheath removal leads to a reduction in pain perception and vasovagal incidence, whilst the routine use of local infiltration during sheath removal should be discouraged as it leads to more pain and a trend to more vasovagal reactions." | 5.12 | Effect of local anesthesia and intravenous sedation on pain perception and vasovagal reactions during femoral arterial sheath removal after percutaneous coronary intervention. ( French, JK; Juergens, CP; Kiat Ang, C; Leung, DY; Lo, S, 2007) |
| " Patients receiving ketamine with or without midazolam experienced fewer respiratory adverse events but more vomiting than the commonly used combination of midazolam and fentanyl." | 3.73 | Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs. ( Bajaj, L; Bothner, JP; Roback, MG; Wathen, JE, 2005) |
| "We report on a patient with acute pancreatitis whose pain was resistant to simultaneous administration of morphine, procaine and Buscopan." | 1.28 | [The value of epidural analgesia in acute pancreatitis]. ( Borgeat, A; Chanson, C; Nicolet, A; Schwander, D, 1990) |
| " The elimination half-life (T1/2 beta) was 783 +/- 346 min in neonates, significantly longer than the values of 214 +/- 41, 140 +/- 30, and 209 +/- 23 min observed in infants, children, and adolescents, respectively." | 1.27 | Sufentanil pharmacokinetics in pediatric cardiovascular patients. ( Davis, DP; de Bruijn, NP; Greeley, WJ, 1987) |
| "In 7 patients (ASA class I and II) the pharmacokinetic behaviour after bolus injection of alfentanyl was investigated." | 1.26 | [Clinical pharmacokinetics of alfentanyl (author's transl)]. ( Schüttler, J; Stoeckel, H, 1982) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 10 (50.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3 (15.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 4 (20.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3 (15.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Orlov, D | 1 |
| Ankichetty, S | 1 |
| Chung, F | 1 |
| Brull, R | 1 |
| Zhang, J | 1 |
| Wang, Z | 1 |
| Ji, Y | 1 |
| Qian, H | 1 |
| Dong, N | 1 |
| Ray, WA | 1 |
| Chung, CP | 1 |
| Murray, KT | 1 |
| Hall, K | 1 |
| Stein, CM | 1 |
| Kunisawa, T | 1 |
| Nagata, O | 1 |
| Nagashima, M | 1 |
| Mitamura, S | 1 |
| Ueno, M | 1 |
| Suzuki, A | 1 |
| Takahata, O | 1 |
| Iwasaki, H | 1 |
| Figurska, M | 1 |
| Płocnarska, E | 1 |
| Stankiewicz, A | 1 |
| Rybicki, Z | 1 |
| Rekas, M | 1 |
| Roback, MG | 1 |
| Wathen, JE | 1 |
| Bajaj, L | 1 |
| Bothner, JP | 1 |
| Kiat Ang, C | 1 |
| Leung, DY | 1 |
| Lo, S | 1 |
| French, JK | 1 |
| Juergens, CP | 1 |
| Schüttler, J | 1 |
| Stoeckel, H | 1 |
| Larsen, R | 1 |
| Sonntag, H | 1 |
| Schenk, HD | 1 |
| Radke, J | 1 |
| Hilfiker, O | 1 |
| Forrest, JB | 1 |
| Rehder, K | 1 |
| Cahalan, MK | 1 |
| Goldsmith, CH | 1 |
| Lefevre, B | 1 |
| Lepine, J | 1 |
| Perrin, D | 1 |
| Malka, G | 1 |
| Borgeat, A | 1 |
| Nicolet, A | 1 |
| Chanson, C | 1 |
| Schwander, D | 1 |
| Hume, AL | 1 |
| Durkin, MA | 1 |
| Saint-Maurice, C | 1 |
| Egu, JF | 1 |
| Gaudiche, O | 1 |
| Loose, JP | 1 |
| Murat, I | 1 |
| Cook, DR | 1 |
| Greeley, WJ | 1 |
| de Bruijn, NP | 1 |
| Davis, DP | 1 |
| Yang, MW | 1 |
| Lee, TY | 1 |
| Chan, KH | 1 |
| Chung, SK | 1 |
| Cantele, P | 1 |
| Manani, G | 1 |
| Cirillo, FM | 1 |
| Pizzirani, E | 1 |
| Bortoluzzi, A | 1 |
| Ngai, SH | 1 |
| Gemperle, M | 1 |
| Bühler, JC | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Does the Use of Dexmedetomidine for Premedication Provide Hemodynamic Stability in Hypertensive Patients?[NCT02058485] | Phase 3 | 162 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine and Epidural Anesthesia Under General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy[NCT01657812] | Phase 4 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol for Use in Intravenous Sedation[NCT03255824] | Phase 4 | 144 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-03-20 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Ketamine Versus Co-Administration of Ketamine and Propofol for Procedural Sedation in a Pediatric Emergency Department[NCT01387139] | Phase 3 | 183 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
| US Guided Interscalene Block Compared With Sedation for Shoulder Dislocation Reduction in the ER[NCT03041506] | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-02-15 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Positive Imagery Therapy and the Incidence of Emergence Reactions With the Use of Ketamine[NCT04746079] | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-02-05 | Recruiting | |||
| Evaluation of Duration of Curarisation (Surgical Efficacy) and Pharmacokinetics of Neuromuscular Block After a Single Dose of Rocuronium in Geriatric Patients (Age ≥ 80 Years ) Compared to a Younger Population (Age < 50 Years).[NCT03551652] | 28 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2020-05-15 | Recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Surgeon satisfaction is measured by the Cooperation Scale. Minimum score of 0 and maximum of 9. Higher indicates a worse outcome (i.e., discomfort and movement) (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 15 minutes following surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 2.07 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 1.47 |
"To compare the differences in hemodynamic stability using a D/M combination compared to the MFP combination. (In this study, a deviation from baseline by 20% or greater will be considered clinically significant)~a. Change in blood pressure (NIBP) (change ≥ 20%) Blood pressure is presented as mean arterial pressure" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 78 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 88 |
"To compare the differences in hemodynamic stability using a D/M combination compared to the MFP combination. (In this study, a deviation from baseline of both the blood pressure and heart rate by 20% or greater will be considered clinically significant)~a. Change in heart rate (change ≥ 20 BPM)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | beats per minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 77 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 62 |
"Visual Analog Scale was used to measure overall satisfaction with the IV sedation and memory of the procedure.~The minimum score is 0 (not satisfied at all) to a maximum score of 100 (completely satisfied).~A higher score is a better outcome." (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 30 minutes following surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 93.5 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 86.6 |
"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Time to ambulation (to recovery room) will be recorded" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: After the procedure until ambulation, up to 20 minutes
| Intervention | minutes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 10.8 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 11.6 |
"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Duration of procedure will be recorded" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | MINUTES (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 24.2 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 22.1 |
"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Time to discharge or virtual discharge (comparative statistic) - Aldrete score of ≥ 9 or pre-procedure score is met The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 10. A higher score indicates wakefulness, hemodynamically stable, and able to ambulate.~ii. All subjects are required to stay a minimum of 30 minutes after the end of the procedure. Therefore, at least two postoperative vital sign readings will be obtained. If the subject meets discharge criteria prior to 30 minutes, this time will be the virtual discharge time" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: After the procedure until discharge, up to 45 minutes
| Intervention | minutes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 26.5 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 29.9 |
"To compare the groups regarding movement of the patient during the first injection of local anesthesia during the IVS at time of injection measured using the Behavioral Pain Scale - Non-Intubated patients.~The minimum value is 3 and the maximum value is 12. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (i.e., more pain and movement on injection)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the first injection of local anesthesia during surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 3.9 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 4.2 |
"To assess whether a D/M combination leads to a significant change in respiratory depression compared to the MFP combination.~a. Change in arterial oxygen saturation (as measured by pulse oximeter) i. number of events of ≤92%" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | Saturation percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 98.7 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 98.9 |
"To assess whether a D/M combination leads to a significant change in respiratory depression compared to the MFP combination.~a. Change in respiratory rate (change ≥ 20%)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | breaths per minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 18 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 18 |
To compare the groups regarding the number of respiratory events requiring intervention, described as: Chin lift/jaw thrust, Tongue thrust, Yankauer suctioning, Positive pressure oxygen administration, Placement of an oral or nasal airway. (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During surgery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 17 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 2 |
"Surgeon satisfaction was measured by the surgeon grading the Operating Conditions scale.~The minimum value was 0 and the maximum was 3. 0=very poor, 1=poor, 2=fair, 3=good" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 15 minutes following surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 2.8 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 2.9 |
"Efficacy is defined as:~The patient does not have unpleasant recall of the procedure.~The patient did not experience sedation-related adverse events resulting in abandonment of the procedure or a permanent complication or an unplanned admission to the hospital or prolonged emergency department (ED) observation~The patient did not actively resist or require physical restraint for completion of the procedure. The need for minimal redirection of movements should not be considered as active resistance or physical restraint.~The procedure was successful" (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: After procedure is completed, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 97 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 81 |
Measured on a 10-point scale (1= least satisfied, 10= most satisfied) (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: After procedure is completed, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 10 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 8 |
Measured on a 10-point scale (1= least satisfied, 10= most satisfied) (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: After procedure is completed, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | units on a scale (1-10) (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 10 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 10 |
Measured on a 10-point scale (1= least satisfied, 10= most satisfied) (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: After procedure is completed, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 9 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 8 |
Time until the patient has a Vancouver Sedation Recovery Scale Score of 18 or greater. (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: Once Vancouver Sedation Recovery Scale Score reaches 18 or greater, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | minutes (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 44 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 43.5 |
We will record all adverse events during the sedation, and then perform a follow-up call to determine if any additional adverse events occured after discharge. (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: From enrollment through completion of follow-up, up to 7 days
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory depression | Cardiovascular event | vomiting/retching | Unpleasant recovery reaction | |
| Ketamine Alone | 12 | 1 | 21 | 4 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 15 | 0 | 18 | 2 |
4 reviews available for fentanyl and Cardiovascular Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Cardiorespiratory complications of neuraxial opioids in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review.
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fentanyl; Humans; Respiratory Insu | 2013 |
[Anesthesia in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy].
Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Chi | 1989 |
Newborn anaesthesia: pharmacological considerations.
Topics: Aging; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 1986 |
Parkinsonism, levodopa, and anesthesia.
Topics: Amantadine; Anesthesia; Animals; Apomorphine; Benperidol; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cardiovascular | 1972 |
4 trials available for fentanyl and Cardiovascular Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Dexmedetomidine suppresses the decrease in blood pressure during anesthetic induction and blunts the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Cardio | 2009 |
Dexmedetomidine suppresses the decrease in blood pressure during anesthetic induction and blunts the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Cardio | 2009 |
Dexmedetomidine suppresses the decrease in blood pressure during anesthetic induction and blunts the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Cardio | 2009 |
Dexmedetomidine suppresses the decrease in blood pressure during anesthetic induction and blunts the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Cardio | 2009 |
Effect of local anesthesia and intravenous sedation on pain perception and vasovagal reactions during femoral arterial sheath removal after percutaneous coronary intervention.
Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Bradycardia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cons | 2007 |
[Haemodynamics, coronary blood flow and myocardial metabolism in man: effects of sufentanil and fentanyl (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Circulation; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fen | 1980 |
Multicenter study of general anesthesia. III. Predictors of severe perioperative adverse outcomes.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Cardiovascular Diseases; Demography; Enflurane; Female; Fentanyl; Halothane; Hu | 1992 |
12 other studies available for fentanyl and Cardiovascular Diseases
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Risk analysis of cardiovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients with different risk stratification during the perioperative period].
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Cardiac Output; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Artery Disease; Fentany | 2015 |
Prescription of Long-Acting Opioids and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Noncancer Pain.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; | 2016 |
[Monitoring of blood pressure during phacotrabeculectomy].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Car | 2004 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
[Clinical pharmacokinetics of alfentanyl (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Erythrocytes; Female | 1982 |
[Local articaine infiltration combined with an intravenous analgesic for oral surgery on patients at risk].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carti | 1991 |
[The value of epidural analgesia in acute pancreatitis].
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Bupivacaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fentanyl; Huma | 1990 |
Central and spinal somatosensory conduction times during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and some observations on the effects of fentanyl and isoflurane anesthesia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Brain; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Ne | 1986 |
Sufentanil pharmacokinetics in pediatric cardiovascular patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anesthetics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Fentanyl; Ha | 1987 |
Attenuation of circulatory response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation--a comparative study of different low doses of fentanyl with or without additional lidocaine in various regimens.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Endotracheal; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fentanyl; Humans; Intubation, Intrat | 1985 |
[Cardiocirculatory responses to tracheal intubation in the heart patient].
Topics: Aerosols; Anesthesia, Endotracheal; Anesthesia, Local; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Fentanyl; He | 1985 |
[Does the neuroleptoanalgesia have a place in the intensive care units?].
Topics: Anxiety; Benperidol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fentanyl; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Neuroleptanalg | 1966 |