fentanyl has been researched along with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in 43 studies
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of nebulized fentanyl citrate on dyspnea, cough, and throat pain in patients with COVID-19 and evaluate the safety with any potential adverse events." | 5.51 | Nebulized fentanyl for respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19 (ventanyl trial). ( Abujaber, AA; Al-Assaf, AA; Khatib, MY; Mohamed, AS; Nashwan, AJ; Shaikh, N; Tharayil, AGM; Wraidat, MAA, 2022) |
| "There was a significant increase in maternal fentanyl use during the pandemic, even with OMT enrollment, with an increase in preterm births and lower birth weights among infants born to mothers with substance use." | 4.31 | Comparing maternal substance use and perinatal outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. ( Hayes, T; Lien, J; Liu-Smith, F; Rana, D, 2023) |
| "Positive responses to a fentanyl vaccine were found along with appreciation for the complexity of a vaccine strategy to prevent OD in the setting of pain and uncertain durability." | 4.12 | Acceptability of a Fentanyl Vaccine to Prevent Opioid Overdose and Need for Personalized Decision-Making. ( Blakemore, LM; Cox, R; Dowling, DJ; Kossowsky, J; Levy, O; Levy, S; Needles, EW; Weitzman, ER, 2022) |
| "Levamisole has a broad range of immunomodulatory effects, including both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on immune responses." | 2.72 | Levamisole-a Toxic Adulterant in Illicit Drug Preparations: a Review. ( Logan, BK; Midthun, KM; Nelson, LS, 2021) |
| "Phenobarbital was trialed for possible propofol withdrawal syndrome, allowing for a dose reduction of 10 μg/kg/min within 2 hours of the first dose without any corresponding symptoms." | 1.91 | Successful management of suspected propofol dependence with phenobarbital in an adult patient with COVID-19. ( Feeney, ME; Steiling, K, 2023) |
| "Most fentanyl cases were polydrug cases (≥90%)." | 1.91 | The impact of fentanyl on DUIDs and traffic fatalities: Blood and oral fluid data. ( Harper, CE; Lee, D; Mata, DC, 2023) |
| "Fentanyl was detected in approximately one third of cases and of these 4447 cases with femoral blood." | 1.91 | The rise and rise of fentanyl in postmortem casework. ( Cooper, G, 2023) |
| "Drug overdose is the leading cause of death among people 25-44 years of age in the United States." | 1.72 | Use of laboratory data for illicit drug use surveillance and identification of socioeconomic risk factors. ( Azimi, V; Budelier, MM; Farnsworth, CW; Jackups, R, 2022) |
| "Fentanyl use was characterized as "all-consuming" by taking over lives and inescapable." | 1.72 | "It's my frenemy": A qualitative exploration of knowledge and perceptions of fentanyl use during the COVID-19 pandemic in people who use drugs at a syringe services program in Philadelphia, PA. ( Bass, SB; Kelly, PJA; Larsen, E; Morris, K; Pandit-Kerr, S; Pilla, J; Torralva, PR; Wisdom, JP, 2022) |
| "The proportion of opioid overdose deaths increased by 36% post-COVID emergence (95% CI: 14%, 59%)." | 1.72 | Impact of COVID-19 on the characteristics of opioid overdose deaths in Arkansas. ( Fairman, BJ; Rezaeiahari, M, 2022) |
| "Acetaminophen was the most common agent reported." | 1.72 | The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry-the 2021 Annual Report. ( Aldy, K; Brent, J; Campleman, SL; Farrugia, LA; Kang, AM; Karshenas, DL; Li, S; Love, JS; Nguyen, H; Spyres, MB; Wax, PM, 2022) |
| "caffeine and sucrose) was not significant." | 1.72 | Development of a Graphene-Oxide-Deposited Carbon Electrode for the Rapid and Low-Level Detection of Fentanyl and Derivatives. ( Bizzotto, D; Ginoux, E; Jun, D; Rezazadeh-Azar, P; Sammis, G, 2022) |
| " The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic comes at time when North America is in the midst of a protracted overdose epidemic caused by a toxic illegal drug supply." | 1.56 | Safer opioid distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. ( Tyndall, M, 2020) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 0 (0.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 43 (100.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Pesce, A | 1 |
| Sundyhanata, R | 1 |
| Ritz, D | 1 |
| Thomas, R | 1 |
| Ackerman, G | 1 |
| Bollman, K | 1 |
| Harp, SJ | 1 |
| Martini, M | 1 |
| Rosenow, W | 1 |
| Mesner, LD | 1 |
| Johnson, H | 1 |
| Farber, CR | 1 |
| Rissman, EF | 1 |
| Niles, JK | 2 |
| Gudin, J | 2 |
| Vivolo-Kantor, AM | 1 |
| Gladden, RM | 1 |
| Mustaquim, D | 1 |
| Seth, P | 1 |
| Kaufman, HW | 2 |
| Choi, NG | 1 |
| Choi, BY | 1 |
| DiNitto, DM | 1 |
| Marti, CN | 1 |
| Baker, SD | 1 |
| Shaikh, N | 1 |
| Khatib, MY | 1 |
| Wraidat, MAA | 1 |
| Mohamed, AS | 1 |
| Al-Assaf, AA | 1 |
| Tharayil, AGM | 1 |
| Abujaber, AA | 1 |
| Nashwan, AJ | 1 |
| Baehr, CA | 1 |
| Wu, MM | 1 |
| Pandit, SG | 1 |
| Arias-Umana, J | 1 |
| AuCoin, D | 1 |
| Pravetoni, M | 1 |
| Bolinski, RS | 1 |
| Walters, S | 1 |
| Salisbury-Afshar, E | 1 |
| Ouellet, LJ | 1 |
| Jenkins, WD | 1 |
| Almirol, E | 1 |
| Van Ham, B | 1 |
| Fletcher, S | 1 |
| Johnson, C | 1 |
| Schneider, JA | 1 |
| Ompad, D | 1 |
| Pho, MT | 1 |
| Napoletano, S | 1 |
| Basile, G | 1 |
| Lo Faro, AF | 1 |
| Negro, F | 1 |
| Scarfone, KM | 1 |
| Maghsoudi, N | 1 |
| McDonald, K | 1 |
| Thompson, H | 1 |
| Stefan, C | 1 |
| Beriault, DR | 1 |
| Werb, D | 1 |
| Bowles, JM | 1 |
| Weitzman, ER | 1 |
| Kossowsky, J | 1 |
| Blakemore, LM | 1 |
| Cox, R | 1 |
| Dowling, DJ | 1 |
| Levy, O | 1 |
| Needles, EW | 1 |
| Levy, S | 1 |
| Azimi, V | 1 |
| Jackups, R | 1 |
| Farnsworth, CW | 1 |
| Budelier, MM | 1 |
| Frost, MC | 1 |
| Austin, EJ | 1 |
| Corcorran, MA | 1 |
| Briggs, ES | 1 |
| Behrends, CN | 1 |
| Juarez, AM | 1 |
| Frank, ND | 1 |
| Healy, E | 1 |
| Prohaska, SM | 1 |
| LaKosky, PA | 1 |
| Kapadia, SN | 1 |
| Perlman, DC | 1 |
| Schackman, BR | 1 |
| Des Jarlais, DC | 1 |
| Williams, EC | 1 |
| Glick, SN | 1 |
| Bass, SB | 1 |
| Kelly, PJA | 1 |
| Pandit-Kerr, S | 1 |
| Pilla, J | 1 |
| Morris, K | 1 |
| Larsen, E | 1 |
| Wisdom, JP | 1 |
| Torralva, PR | 1 |
| Rezaeiahari, M | 1 |
| Fairman, BJ | 1 |
| Sheasby, J | 1 |
| Krais, S | 1 |
| Do, M | 1 |
| Hall, A | 1 |
| Pace, H | 1 |
| Myers, DP | 1 |
| George, TJ | 1 |
| Love, JS | 1 |
| Karshenas, DL | 1 |
| Spyres, MB | 1 |
| Farrugia, LA | 1 |
| Kang, AM | 1 |
| Nguyen, H | 1 |
| Campleman, SL | 1 |
| Li, S | 1 |
| Wax, PM | 1 |
| Brent, J | 1 |
| Aldy, K | 1 |
| Jun, D | 1 |
| Sammis, G | 1 |
| Rezazadeh-Azar, P | 1 |
| Ginoux, E | 1 |
| Bizzotto, D | 1 |
| Schneider, KE | 2 |
| Allen, ST | 2 |
| Rouhani, S | 3 |
| Morris, M | 3 |
| Haney, K | 2 |
| Saloner, B | 2 |
| Sherman, SG | 3 |
| Lien, J | 1 |
| Hayes, T | 1 |
| Liu-Smith, F | 1 |
| Rana, D | 1 |
| Gubskaya, E | 1 |
| Kennedy, MC | 1 |
| Hayashi, K | 1 |
| Cui, Z | 1 |
| Milloy, MJ | 1 |
| Kerr, T | 1 |
| Luo, J | 1 |
| Bello, D | 1 |
| Pagsuyoin, S | 1 |
| Kline, A | 1 |
| Williams, JM | 1 |
| Steinberg, ML | 1 |
| Mattern, D | 1 |
| Chesin, M | 1 |
| Borys, S | 1 |
| Chaguturu, V | 1 |
| Stitt, D | 1 |
| Feeney, ME | 1 |
| Steiling, K | 1 |
| Harper, CE | 1 |
| Mata, DC | 1 |
| Lee, D | 1 |
| Cooper, G | 1 |
| Yao, X | 1 |
| McFaull, SR | 1 |
| Champagne, AS | 1 |
| Thompson, W | 1 |
| Meyer, M | 1 |
| Westenberg, JN | 1 |
| Krausz, RM | 1 |
| Carvalho, RM | 1 |
| de Magalhães-Barbosa, MC | 1 |
| Bianchi, LM | 1 |
| Rodrigues-Santos, G | 1 |
| da Cunha, AJLA | 1 |
| Bastos, FI | 1 |
| Prata-Barbosa, A | 1 |
| Antunes, B | 1 |
| Bowers, B | 1 |
| Winterburn, I | 1 |
| Kelly, MP | 1 |
| Brodrick, R | 1 |
| Pollock, K | 1 |
| Majumder, M | 1 |
| Spathis, A | 1 |
| Lawrie, I | 1 |
| George, R | 1 |
| Ryan, R | 1 |
| Barclay, S | 1 |
| Tyndall, M | 1 |
| Radcliff, J | 1 |
| Herndon, KT | 1 |
| Claussen, KS | 1 |
| Braithwaite, JJ | 1 |
| Fox, AW | 1 |
| Midthun, KM | 1 |
| Nelson, LS | 1 |
| Logan, BK | 1 |
| Kosten, TR | 1 |
| Petrakis, IL | 1 |
| Morin, KA | 1 |
| Acharya, S | 1 |
| Eibl, JK | 1 |
| Marsh, DC | 1 |
| Palamar, JJ | 1 |
| Le, A | 1 |
| Carr, TH | 1 |
| Cottler, LB | 1 |
| Zubiago, J | 1 |
| Murphy, M | 1 |
| Guardado, R | 1 |
| Daudelin, D | 1 |
| Patil, D | 1 |
| Wurcel, A | 1 |
| Di Trana, A | 1 |
| La Maida, N | 1 |
| Park, JN | 1 |
| Owczarzak, J | 1 |
| Urquhart, G | 1 |
| Weicker, NP | 1 |
| DiGennaro, C | 1 |
| Garcia, GP | 1 |
| Stringfellow, EJ | 1 |
| Wakeman, S | 1 |
| Jalali, MS | 1 |
| Gutierrez, J | 1 |
| Sepulveda, W | 1 |
| Ramirez, R | 1 |
| Acosta, G | 1 |
| Ambiado, S | 1 |
1 review available for fentanyl and 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Levamisole-a Toxic Adulterant in Illicit Drug Preparations: a Review.
Topics: Cocaine; COVID-19; Female; Fentanyl; Heroin; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Infant, Newborn; Levamisole; Pre | 2021 |
1 trial available for fentanyl and 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Nebulized fentanyl for respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19 (ventanyl trial).
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Clinical Trials, Phase III | 2022 |
41 other studies available for fentanyl and 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effects of a Pandemic and Isolation on Alcohol and Psychoactive Medication Use in a Population of Rehabilitation and Pain Patients.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Analgesics; Antidepressive Agents; California; Cocaine; COVID-19; Fentanyl; Heroin | 2021 |
Fentanyl-induced acute and conditioned behaviors in two inbred mouse lines: Potential role for Glyoxalase.
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; Fentanyl; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2 | 2022 |
Notes from the Field: Testing for Nonprescribed Fentanyl and Percentage of Positive Test Results Among Patients with Opioid Use Disorder - United States, 2019-2020.
Topics: COVID-19; Drug Prescriptions; Fentanyl; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Abuse Detection; | 2021 |
Heroin and fentanyl overdose deaths among cases age 50+ in the National Poison Data System, 2015-2020.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Heroin; Humans; Middle Aged; Opiate Ove | 2022 |
Pharmacological Profiling of Antifentanyl Monoclonal Antibodies in Combination with Naloxone in Pre- and Postexposure Models of Fentanyl Toxicity.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Nalo | 2022 |
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Use Behaviors, Fentanyl Exposure, and Harm Reduction Service Support among People Who Use Drugs in Rural Settings.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Harm Reduction; Humans; Pandemics; Pharmaceut | 2022 |
New Psychoactive Substances and receding COVID-19 pandemic: really going back to "normal"?
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Ecosystem; Fentanyl; Humans; Opiate Overdose; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2 | 2022 |
Emerging synthetic cannabinoids detected by a drug checking service in Toronto, Canada.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Cannabinoids; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Ontario | 2022 |
Acceptability of a Fentanyl Vaccine to Prevent Opioid Overdose and Need for Personalized Decision-Making.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Opiate Overdose; | 2022 |
Use of laboratory data for illicit drug use surveillance and identification of socioeconomic risk factors.
Topics: Cocaine; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Facto | 2022 |
Responding to a surge in overdose deaths: perspectives from US syringe services programs.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Naloxone; Pandemics; Syringes | 2022 |
"It's my frenemy": A qualitative exploration of knowledge and perceptions of fentanyl use during the COVID-19 pandemic in people who use drugs at a syringe services program in Philadelphia, PA.
Topics: COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Ethnicity; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Minority Groups; Philadelphia; S | 2022 |
Impact of COVID-19 on the characteristics of opioid overdose deaths in Arkansas.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Arkansas; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Methadone; Methamphetamine; | 2022 |
An Interprofessional Approach to Mobilizing Patients With COVID-19 Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; COVID-19; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Fentanyl; Humans; Retrospective St | 2022 |
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry-the 2021 Annual Report.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Antidotes; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fem | 2022 |
Development of a Graphene-Oxide-Deposited Carbon Electrode for the Rapid and Low-Level Detection of Fentanyl and Derivatives.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Caffeine; Carbon; Cocaine; COVID-19; Electrodes; Fentanyl; Graphite; Heroin; Hum | 2022 |
Increased solitary drug use during COVID-19: An unintended consequence of social distancing.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Physical Distancing | 2023 |
Increased solitary drug use during COVID-19: An unintended consequence of social distancing.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Physical Distancing | 2023 |
Increased solitary drug use during COVID-19: An unintended consequence of social distancing.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Physical Distancing | 2023 |
Increased solitary drug use during COVID-19: An unintended consequence of social distancing.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Physical Distancing | 2023 |
Comparing maternal substance use and perinatal outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Birth Weight; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; | 2023 |
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to supervised consumption programs.
Topics: Canada; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Drug Users; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Pandemics | 2023 |
Long-term wastewater-based surveillance and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug use trends in a U.S. Northeast rural town.
Topics: Amphetamine; Cocaine; COVID-19; Fentanyl; Humans; Hydrocodone; Methadone; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenediox | 2023 |
Predictors of opioid overdose during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of relapse, treatment access and nonprescribed buprenorphine/naloxone.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Hum | 2023 |
Substance Use and the Nervous System.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Fentanyl; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Nervous System; Pandemics; Substance- | 2023 |
Successful management of suspected propofol dependence with phenobarbital in an adult patient with COVID-19.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Dexmedetomidine; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypertension; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Mid | 2023 |
The impact of fentanyl on DUIDs and traffic fatalities: Blood and oral fluid data.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Fentanyl; Humans; Methamphetamine; Pandemics; Substance Abuse Detectio | 2023 |
The rise and rise of fentanyl in postmortem casework.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Chromatography, Liquid; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Forensic Toxicology; | 2023 |
An interrupted time series analysis of trends in opioid-related emergency department visits from pre-COVID-19 pandemic to pandemic, from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Canada; COVID-19; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Fentanyl; Heroin; Hospita | 2023 |
The Fentanyl System Shock - Are There Lessons to Learn From the COVID-19 System Shock Framework? Comment on "The COVID-19 System Shock Framework: Capturing Health System Innovation During the COVID-19 Pandemic".
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Child; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Pandemics; United States | 2023 |
Shift in hospital opioid use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a time-series analysis of one million prescriptions.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Brazil; COVID-19; Fentanyl; Humans; Methadone; Morphine; Opioid-Related D | 2023 |
Anticipatory prescribing in community end-of-life care in the UK and Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic: online survey.
Topics: Administration, Buccal; Administration, Sublingual; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Be | 2020 |
Safer opioid distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Global Health; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorde | 2020 |
The Opioid Epidemic Within the COVID-19 Pandemic: Drug Testing in 2020.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; | 2021 |
A Novel Clinical Consideration to Conserve Parenteral Fentanyl During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Critical Illn | 2020 |
The Pharmaceutical Year That Was, 2020.
Topics: Accreditation; Administration, Sublingual; Anticonvulsants; Communication; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug T | 2020 |
The Hidden Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Fentanyl; Humans; Opiate Overdose; Opioid Epide | 2021 |
Evidence of increased Fentanyl use during the COVID-19 pandemic among opioid agonist treatment patients in Ontario, Canada.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Fentanyl; Humans; Ontario; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Opioid Epide | 2021 |
Shifts in drug seizures in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Baltimore; Cannabis; Chicago; Cocaine; COVID-19; District of Columbia; Drug Trafficking; Fentanyl; F | 2021 |
Increased HIV testing in people who use drugs hospitalized in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Alcoholism; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; COVID-19; Fentanyl; HIV Testing; Hospitaliza | 2021 |
New Psychoactive Substances consumption and their monito- ring during Covid-19 pandemic.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; COVID-19; Drug Contamination; Fentanyl; Humans; Pandemics; Psychotropic Drugs; Publ | 2021 |
HIV Risk Among Urban and Suburban People Who Inject Drugs: Elevated Risk Among Fentanyl and Cocaine Injectors in Maryland.
Topics: Cocaine; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Users; Fentanyl; HIV Infections; Humans; Prevalence | 2022 |
Changes in characteristics of drug overdose death trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; United States | 2021 |
Fetal Bladder Rupture as a Complication of Adjunctive Therapy in Severe Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; COVID-19; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Midazolam; Pregnancy | 2022 |