fenprostalene and Placenta--Retained

To evaluate the effects of treatment at parturition with dinoprost tromethamine, fenprostalene, or oxytocin on postpartum disease and reproductive performance during the subsequent breeding season in dairy cows.. Prospective study.. 1,400 Holstein cows from 5 commercial dairies.. Cows were assigned within 2 hours after calving to serve as untreated control cows or to be treated with 1 mg of fenprostalene, SC; 25 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, IM; or 20 IU of oxytocin, IM. Cows were confined to treatment pens and monitored daily until fetal membranes were expelled. Cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) were treated according to existing treatment protocols for the dairy, with the provision that intrauterine infusions were not allowed. All other disease conditions were recorded, and appropriate treatment was administered. Postpartum reproductive examinations were performed 28 to 56 days after parturition Breeding records were maintained for all cows until pregnancy was confirmed or the cow was removed from the herd.. Fetal membranes were retained in 12.1% of all cows, and this outcome was unaffected by treatment. Compared with cows without RFM, cows with RFM had longer intervals to first insemination (76.4 vs 82.0 days), reduced first insemination conception rates (46.8 vs 28.0%), and increased number of days not pregnant (103.2 vs 127.4 days). Farm, as a variable, significantly affected development of RFM and postpartum disease conditions as well as reproductive performance during the subsequent breeding season. Fetal membranes were retained in 12.4, 15.2, 8.7, 6.3, and 16.9% of cows on farms 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Mean days to first insemination varied from 64.5 days (farm 3) to 91.5 days (farm 1). Mean number of days not pregnant varied from 94.8 days (farm 3) to 15.9 days (farm 4).. Administration of prostaglandins or oxytocin at the time of calving does not reduce the incidence of RFM or improve reproductive performance. Farm management practices have the greatest impact on dairy cow performance.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dinoprost; Female; Incidence; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Placenta, Retained; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Regression Analysis; Reproduction; Time Factors

Dairy cows (n = 207) that had retained fetal membranes for more than 8 hours after parturition were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (group 1, daily intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline; group 2, daily intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline and a single SC injection of fenprostalene; group 3, a single SC injection of fenprostalene; and group 4, untreated controls). Cows were monitored daily. Subsequent disease conditions were recorded, and appropriate treatments were initiated. Interval from parturition to expulsion of fetal membranes was unaffected by treatment regimen. The frequency of cows with high rectal temperatures (> or = 39.5 C) was significantly (P < 0.05) less in cows treated with oxytetracycline infusions; however, the frequency of displaced abomasum, ketosis, and mastitis was unaffected by treatment method. Treatment method appeared to influence the development of postpartum uterine pathologic conditions. Treatment with oxytetracycline and fenprostalene (group 2) increased (P < 0.05) the frequency of pyometra. Treatment with fenprostalene (groups 2 and 3) decreased the number of cows with a palpable uterine lumen detectable during per rectal palpation at 28 to 42 days after parturition. Reproductive efficiency, as determined on the basis of the interval from parturition to conception, was unaffected by treatment protocol.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections, Subcutaneous; Oxytetracycline; Placenta, Retained; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Uterus

Objectives of this study were to show postpartum plasma PGF2 alpha metabolite (PGFM) profile, to clarify whether endogenous PGF2 alpha plays a certain role in the uterine involution in cows with dystocia and/or retained placenta, and to examine the effects of fenprostalene, a long-acting PGF2 alpha analog, on the uterine involution and reproductive performance of the cows with abnormal puerperium. A group of 27 cows with dystocia and/or retained placenta showed a massive release of PGF2 alpha after parturition as indicated by a rise of plasma concentrations of PGFM, significantly higher than 33 cows with normal puerperium. The duration of the elevated plasma PGFM concentrations in the cows with abnormal puerperium was shorter than that of the normal cows. In cows with normal puerperium, those showing relatively longer duration of elevated plasma PGFM levels needed a shorter period for postpartum uterine involution than the cows showing a shorter duration of the PGFM elevation (P < 0.01), while no such relationship was observed in cows with abnormal puerperium. In field trials, an administration of an exogenous PGF2 alpha, fenprostalene, at 7 to 10 days (78 cows) or 14 to 28 days postpartum (74 cows) was found to be effective in facilitating uterine involution and resumption of ovarian cyclicity, and improved reproductive performance. It may be concluded that a large amount of PGF2 alpha is released for a relatively shorter period in cows after dystocia and/or retained placenta and the elevation of PGFM is not responsible for the uterine involution. The administration of the exogenous PGF2 alpha was shown to be effective at improving the postpartum reproductive performance of cows with abnormal puerperium.

Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dinoprost; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dystocia; Endometritis; Female; Placenta, Retained; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Random Allocation; Reproduction; Time Factors; Uterus

It was hypothesized that a high dose of estrogen in conjunction with a long-acting PGF2 alpha analog would synchronize parturition within a narrow time frame and reduce the incidence of retained placenta. On d 276 of gestation, 14 animals (9 cows and 5 heifers) per group received a placebo (group A), 1 mg of fenprostalene (group B), 50 mg of estradiol-17 beta benzoate (group C), or both (group D). Treatment with estradiol-17 beta benzoate increased serum concentrations of estradiol-17 beta from 228 pg/ml at treatment to 642 and 683 pg/ml at 24 h posttreatment for groups C and D, respectively. Concentration of estradiol-17 beta in group A increased gradually to 526 pg/ml at 24 h prepartum. Progesterone concentrations were reduced by fenprostalene but not by estradiol-17 beta benzoate. Estradiol-17 beta benzoate did not reduce incidence of retained placenta in animals treated with fenprostalene (group B vs. group D) but tended to reduce incidence in uninduced animals (group A vs. group C). Thus, short-term elevation of estradiol-17 beta to normal prepartum concentrations did not regress the corpus luteum, induce parturition, or reduce incidence of retained placenta. However, elevation of estradiol-17 beta for longer periods might enhance placental separation. Conversely, fenprostalene induced calving approximately 2 d after treatment. In this study, 90% of animals treated with fenprostalene calved within a 20-h period, but with a high incidence of retained placenta.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Estradiol; Female; Kinetics; Labor, Obstetric; Placenta, Retained; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic