Page last updated: 2024-10-27

fenfluramine and Mitral Incompetence

fenfluramine has been researched along with Mitral Incompetence in 47 studies

Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.
fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The authors describe the case of a simultaneous mitral bioprosthesis hypertrophic scaring and native aortic valve fibrosis during benfluorex therapy in a 40-year-old woman."7.78Mitral bioprosthesis hypertrophic scaring and native aortic valve fibrosis during benfluorex therapy. ( Ayme-Dietrich, E; Bischoff, N; Dallemand, R; Gasser, B; Lawson, R; Monassier, L, 2012)
"Benfluorex was withdrawn from European markets in June 2010 after reports of an association with heart valve lesions."5.38Increased risk of left heart valve regurgitation associated with benfluorex use in patients with diabetes mellitus: a multicenter study. ( Arnalsteen, E; Boulanger, J; Donal, E; Ederhy, S; Ennezat, PV; Garban, T; Jeu, A; Jobic, Y; Maréchaux, S; Réant, P; Rusinaru, D; Tribouilloy, C, 2012)
"Adjusted RR for mitral insufficiency and aortic insufficiency admissions were 2."5.36Benfluorex and valvular heart disease: a cohort study of a million people with diabetes mellitus. ( Allemand, H; Fagot, JP; Montastruc, JL; Neumann, A; Païta, M; Ricordeau, P; Simon, D; Tuppin, P; Weill, A, 2010)
"The authors describe the case of a simultaneous mitral bioprosthesis hypertrophic scaring and native aortic valve fibrosis during benfluorex therapy in a 40-year-old woman."3.78Mitral bioprosthesis hypertrophic scaring and native aortic valve fibrosis during benfluorex therapy. ( Ayme-Dietrich, E; Bischoff, N; Dallemand, R; Gasser, B; Lawson, R; Monassier, L, 2012)
"Serotoninergic appetite-suppressant drugs, fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, were withdrawn from the market in September 1997 on account of two major cardiopulmonary complications: primary pulmonary hypertension and valvular regurgitation."3.70[Appetite suppressants and heart valve disorders]. ( Adams, C; Cohen, A, 1999)
"To evaluate cardiovascular status and the prevalence of valvular abnormalities, as assessed by clinical cardiovascular parameters and echocardiography, in patients treated for obesity with dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine."3.70Valvular abnormalities and cardiovascular status following exposure to dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine. ( Constantine, G; Davis, KD; Gardin, JM; Leung, C; Reid, CL; Schumacher, D, 2000)
"Aortic regurgitation was detected in 18 subjects, mitral regurgitation in 3 subjects, and both aortic and mitral regurgitation in 1 subject; no one had severe regurgitation."2.70Low risk of significant echocardiographic valvulopathy in patients treated with anorectic drugs. ( Blackburn, GL; Burger, AJ; Charlamb, MJ; Notarianni, M; Sherman, HB; Singh, S, 2001)
"These analyses showed that aortic regurgitation of mild or greater severity occurred in 5."2.69An assessment of heart-valve abnormalities in obese patients taking dexfenfluramine, sustained-release dexfenfluramine, or placebo. Sustained-Release Dexfenfluramine Study Group. ( Gottdiener, JS; Gwynne, JT; Tighe, JF; Weissman, NJ, 1998)
"Benfluorex was withdrawn from European markets in June 2010 after reports of an association with heart valve lesions."1.38Increased risk of left heart valve regurgitation associated with benfluorex use in patients with diabetes mellitus: a multicenter study. ( Arnalsteen, E; Boulanger, J; Donal, E; Ederhy, S; Ennezat, PV; Garban, T; Jeu, A; Jobic, Y; Maréchaux, S; Réant, P; Rusinaru, D; Tribouilloy, C, 2012)
"Adjusted RR for mitral insufficiency and aortic insufficiency admissions were 2."1.36Benfluorex and valvular heart disease: a cohort study of a million people with diabetes mellitus. ( Allemand, H; Fagot, JP; Montastruc, JL; Neumann, A; Païta, M; Ricordeau, P; Simon, D; Tuppin, P; Weill, A, 2010)
"Mild or greater aortic regurgitation was present in 8."1.31Fenfluramine and phentermine and cardiovascular findings: effect of treatment duration on prevalence of valve abnormalities. ( Constantine, GD; Davis, KD; Jollis, JG; Kisslo, J; Landolfo, CK; Ryan, T, 2000)
"There were six cases of aortic regurgitation, two cases of mitral regurgitation, and three cases of combined aortic and mitral regurgitation."1.30A population-based study of appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of cardiac-valve regurgitation. ( Derby, LE; Jick, H; Jick, SS; Meier, CR; Vasilakis, C; Weinrauch, LA, 1998)
" The Ministry of Health has recently alerted practitioners to the possible risk of heart valve damage following the long-term use of weight-loss drugs fenfluramine (Ponderax) and dexfenfluramine (Adifax)."1.30Prevention of infective endocarditis associated with dental treatment and other medical interventions. National Heart Foundation. ( Ellis-Pegler, RB; Hay, KD; Lang, SD; Neutze, JM; Swinburn, BA, 1999)

Research

Studies (47)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's17 (36.17)18.2507
2000's14 (29.79)29.6817
2010's16 (34.04)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Eugène, M1
Bruneval, P5
Bonnet, N1
Attias, D1
Koshkelashvili, N1
Kohli, P1
Linefsky, J1
Nicot, P1
Frachon, I3
Hill, C1
Tribouilloy, C6
Maréchaux, S3
Jobic, Y6
Jeu, A3
Ederhy, S2
Donal, E2
Réant, P2
Arnalsteen, E2
Boulanger, J2
Garban, T2
Ennezat, PV4
Andréjak, M4
Rusinaru, D5
Borer, JS1
Plurien, F1
Iung, B1
Malergue, MC1
Czitrom, D1
Henon, P1
Tribouilloy, L1
Leleu, F1
Sevestre, H1
Peltier, M1
Caus, T1
Etienne, Y2
Le Gal, G1
Humbert, M1
Leroyer, C1
Weill, A1
Païta, M1
Tuppin, P1
Fagot, JP1
Neumann, A1
Simon, D1
Ricordeau, P1
Montastruc, JL2
Allemand, H1
Ayme-Dietrich, E1
Lawson, R1
Gasser, B1
Dallemand, R1
Bischoff, N1
Monassier, L1
Sachdev, M1
Miller, WC1
Ryan, T3
Jollis, JG4
Hopkins, PN1
Polukoff, GI1
Noize, P1
Sauer, M1
Moreau, M1
Pathak, A1
Bagheri, H1
Newman, R1
Connolly, HM1
Crary, JL2
McGoon, MD1
Hensrud, DD1
Edwards, BS1
Edwards, WD1
Schaff, HV1
Cannistra, LB1
Davis, SM1
Bauman, AG1
Rasmussen, S1
Corya, BC1
Glassman, RD1
Khan, MA1
Herzog, CA1
St Peter, JV1
Hartley, GG1
Madlon-Kay, R1
Dick, CD1
Asinger, RW1
Vessey, JT1
Jick, H1
Vasilakis, C1
Weinrauch, LA1
Meier, CR1
Jick, SS1
Derby, LE1
Weissman, NJ1
Tighe, JF1
Gottdiener, JS1
Gwynne, JT1
Jensen, K1
Godeau, P1
Cherin, P1
Tellier, P1
Garon, CF1
Oury, JH1
Duran, CM1
Biswas, SS1
Donovan, CL1
Forbess, JM1
Royal, SH1
Landolfo, KP1
Ryan, DH1
Bray, GA1
Helmcke, F1
Sander, G1
Volaufova, J1
Greenway, F1
Subramaniam, P1
Glancy, DL1
Pi-Sunyer, FX1
Adams, C1
Cohen, A1
Ellis-Pegler, RB1
Hay, KD1
Lang, SD1
Neutze, JM1
Swinburn, BA1
Prasad, A1
Mehra, M1
Park, M1
Scott, R1
Uber, PA1
McFadden, PM1
Kancherla, MK1
Salti, HI1
Mulderink, TA1
Parker, M1
Bonow, RO1
Mehlman, DJ1
Gardin, JM1
Schumacher, D1
Constantine, G1
Davis, KD2
Leung, C1
Reid, CL1
Landolfo, CK1
Kisslo, J1
Constantine, GD1
Lepor, NE1
Gross, SB1
Daley, WL1
Samuels, BA1
Rizzo, MJ1
Luko, SP1
Hickey, A1
Buchbinder, NA1
Naqvi, TZ1
Moyé, LA1
Annegers, AF1
Melero Tejedor, JM1
Rodríguez Bailón, I1
Such Martínez, M1
Porras Martín, C1
Olalla Mercadé, E1
Espinosa Caliani, JS1
St John Sutton, M1
Mast, ST2
Anstrom, KJ2
Gersing, KR1
Krishnan, KR1
Califf, RM1
Burger, AJ1
Charlamb, MJ1
Singh, S1
Notarianni, M1
Blackburn, GL1
Sherman, HB1
Volmar, KE1
Hutchins, GM1
Dahl, CF1
Allen, MR1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Effect of Sulphate-bicarbonate-calcium Water Consumption on the Body Weight and Gut Microbiota Composition in Overweight and Obese Patients Under Low-calorie Diet[NCT02154230]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Withdrawn (stopped due to failure to enroll)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

4 reviews available for fenfluramine and Mitral Incompetence

ArticleYear
[About the settlement of litigations concerning the harm caused by benfluorex (Mediator®)].
    Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2013, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Pt 1

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Causality; Compensation and Redress; Cross-Section

2013
[Benfluorex and valvular heart disease].
    Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2011, Volume: 40, Issue:11

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardi

2011
Effect of fenfluramine-derivative diet pills on cardiac valves: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
    American heart journal, 2002, Volume: 144, Issue:6

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Dexfenfluramine; Fenfluramine; Heart Valve Disease

2002
Risk of valvular heart disease associated with use of fenfluramine.
    BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2003, Jun-11, Volume: 3

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Bias; Case-Control Studies; Dexfenfluramine; Fenfluramine; Humans; Incid

2003

Trials

3 trials available for fenfluramine and Mitral Incompetence

ArticleYear
An assessment of heart-valve abnormalities in obese patients taking dexfenfluramine, sustained-release dexfenfluramine, or placebo. Sustained-Release Dexfenfluramine Study Group.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Sep-10, Volume: 339, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Blood Pressure; Delayed-Actio

1998
Echocardiographic prevalence of mitral and/or aortic regurgitation in patients exposed to either fenfluramine-phentermine combination or to dexfenfluramine.
    The American journal of cardiology, 1999, Dec-01, Volume: 84, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Blood Flow Velocity; De

1999
Low risk of significant echocardiographic valvulopathy in patients treated with anorectic drugs.
    International journal of cardiology, 2001, Volume: 79, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Boston; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fenflur

2001

Other Studies

40 other studies available for fenfluramine and Mitral Incompetence

ArticleYear
Benfluorex-induced severe primary tricuspid and mitral regurgitation requiring a double-valve replacement.
    European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery, 2018, 07-01, Volume: 54, Issue:1

    Topics: Fenfluramine; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Mitral Valve Insuff

2018
Fifty-seven-year-old man with progressive dyspnoea.
    Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2019, Volume: 105, Issue:7

    Topics: Appetite Depressants; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyspnea; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Fenfluram

2019
Frequency of drug-induced valvular heart disease in patients previously exposd to benfluorex: a multicentre prospective study.
    European heart journal, 2013, Volume: 34, Issue:46

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Case-Control Studies; Diabet

2013
Drug-induced valve disease and considerations of benefit versus risk.
    European heart journal, 2013, Volume: 34, Issue:46

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Female; Fenfluramine; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents

2013
Calcifications in benfluorex-induced valve heart disease: a misknown association.
    Cardiology, 2015, Volume: 130, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Calcinosis; Fenfluramine; Heart Valve Diseas

2015
Fatal dynamic mitral regurgitation as a presentation of benfluorex-Induced valvular heart toxicity.
    International journal of cardiology, 2015, Apr-01, Volume: 184

    Topics: Aged; Appetite Depressants; Autopsy; Echocardiography; Fatal Outcome; Fenfluramine; Heart Valve Pros

2015
Restrictive organic mitral regurgitation associated with benfluorex therapy.
    European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Appetite Depressants; Body Mass Index; Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Th

2010
Benfluorex and unexplained valvular heart disease: a case-control study.
    PloS one, 2010, Apr-12, Volume: 5, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fenfluramine; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents

2010
Benfluorex and valvular heart disease: a cohort study of a million people with diabetes mellitus.
    Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; D

2010
How can benfluorex-related heart valve disease be identified by echocardiography?
    Archives of cardiovascular diseases, 2011, Volume: 104, Issue:10

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; Female; Fenflura

2011
[Letter on the article: "benfluorex and valvular heart disease"].
    Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2012, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Pt 1

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Female; Fenfluramine; Humans; Male; Mitral Valve I

2012
Mitral bioprosthesis hypertrophic scaring and native aortic valve fibrosis during benfluorex therapy.
    Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2012, Volume: 26, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; Bioprosthesis; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Female; Fenfluramine; Fibrosis; Heart Va

2012
Increased risk of left heart valve regurgitation associated with benfluorex use in patients with diabetes mellitus: a multicenter study.
    Circulation, 2012, Dec-11, Volume: 126, Issue:24

    Topics: Aged; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Diabetes Mellitus; Echocardiography; Europe;

2012
Benfluorex: lesions on a bioprosthetic heart valve too.
    Prescrire international, 2012, Volume: 21, Issue:131

    Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Bioprosthesis; Device Removal; Drug Adminis

2012
Valvular heart disease in a patient taking benfluorex.
    Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Female; Fenfluramine; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Tricuspi

2006
Mitral valve disease associated with use of anorexigenic medications.
    The Annals of thoracic surgery, 1997, Volume: 64, Issue:1

    Topics: Appetite Depressants; Fenfluramine; Humans; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Phentermine

1997
Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1997, Aug-28, Volume: 337, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Drug Combinations; Female; Fenfluramine; He

1997
Valvular heart disease associated with dexfenfluramine.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1997, Aug-28, Volume: 337, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Female; Fenfluramine; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Mitral Valve Insuff

1997
Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1997, Dec-11, Volume: 337, Issue:24

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Drug Combinations; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; Female; Fenfluramin

1997
The prevalence of cardiac valvular insufficiency assessed by transthoracic echocardiography in obese patients treated with appetite-suppressant drugs.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Sep-10, Volume: 339, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studi

1998
A population-based study of appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of cardiac-valve regurgitation.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Sep-10, Volume: 339, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Case-Control Studies; Drug Combinatio

1998
[Recall of slimming agents fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine--for what reason?].
    Ugeskrift for laeger, 1998, Aug-31, Volume: 160, Issue:36

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Denmark; Drug and Narcotic Control; Fenfluramine;

1998
[Pulmonary hypertension and heart valve diseases induced by fenfluramine? Hypothesis or certitude? Myth or reality?].
    La Revue de medecine interne, 1998, Volume: 19, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Dexfenfluramine; Female; Fenfluramine; He

1998
Virus-like particles in the mitral and tricuspid valves explanted from a patient treated with Fenfluramine-Phentermine.
    The Journal of heart valve disease, 1999, Volume: 8, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Female; Fenfluramine; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve

1999
Valve replacement for appetite suppressant-induced valvular heart disease.
    The Annals of thoracic surgery, 1999, Volume: 67, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Female; F

1999
Serial echocardiographic and clinical evaluation of valvular regurgitation before, during, and after treatment with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine and mazindol or phentermine.
    Obesity research, 1999, Volume: 7, Issue:4

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Body Mass Index; Counseling; Dexfenfluramine; Drug

1999
Heart valve lesions in patients treated with appetite suppressants.
    Obesity research, 1999, Volume: 7, Issue:4

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Dexfenfluramine; Echocardiography; Female; Fenflur

1999
[Appetite suppressants and heart valve disorders].
    Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 1999, Volume: 92, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Dexfenfluramine; Female; Fenfluramine

1999
Prevention of infective endocarditis associated with dental treatment and other medical interventions. National Heart Foundation.
    The New Zealand dental journal, 1999, Volume: 95, Issue:421

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Cefuroxime; Cephalos

1999
Cardiac allograft valvulopathy: a case of donor-anorexigen-induced valvular disease.
    The Annals of thoracic surgery, 1999, Volume: 68, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Appetite Depressants; Disease Progression; Echocardiography; Echocardiography, Doppler; Femal

1999
Valvular abnormalities and cardiovascular status following exposure to dexfenfluramine or phentermine/fenfluramine.
    JAMA, 2000, Apr-05, Volume: 283, Issue:13

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Body Mass Index; Dexfenfluramine; Echocardiography

2000
Fenfluramine and phentermine and cardiovascular findings: effect of treatment duration on prevalence of valve abnormalities.
    Circulation, 2000, May-02, Volume: 101, Issue:17

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Case-Control Studies; Drug Combinations; Female; F

2000
Dose and duration of fenfluramine-phentermine therapy impacts the risk of significant valvular heart disease.
    The American journal of cardiology, 2000, Jul-01, Volume: 86, Issue:1

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Blood Flow Velocity; Dose-Response Relationship, D

2000
Underestimation of the valvulopathy effect of fenfluramine.
    Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2000, Volume: 36, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Echocardiography; Female; Fenfluramine;

2000
[Valvular regurgitation caused by anorectic agents].
    Revista espanola de cardiologia, 2000, Volume: 53, Issue:12

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Female; Fenfluramine; Heart Valve Prosthesis Impla

2000
Silver lining to the cloud over anorexogen-related cardiac valvulopathy?
    Annals of internal medicine, 2001, Feb-20, Volume: 134, Issue:4

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Disease Progression; Fenfluramine; Humans; Mitral

2001
The progression of fenfluramine-associated valvular heart disease assessed by echocardiography.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2001, Feb-20, Volume: 134, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Cohort Studies; Dexfenfluramine; Disease Pr

2001
Association between selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor therapy and heart valve regurgitation.
    The American journal of cardiology, 2001, Apr-15, Volume: 87, Issue:8

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Cohort Studies; Echocardiography; Female; Fenfluramine; Humans; Male; Mi

2001
Aortic and mitral fenfluramine-phentermine valvulopathy in 64 patients treated with anorectic agents.
    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 2001, Volume: 125, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Drug Therapy, Combinati

2001
Regression and progression of valvulopathy associated with fenfluramine and phentermine.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2002, Mar-19, Volume: 136, Issue:6

    Topics: Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Appetite Depressants; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ec

2002